1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 575及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Commercialisation of Science and Technology Science and technology and the role of commercialisation
3、in that area are very interesting question. And its an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. . An overview of the relationship between science 2)Another one - only 1/10 ideas taken to the final (7); 【 7】 _. 3)The third one - Most people cannot guarantee a (8)return on their
4、【 8】 _. investment. . Companies and (9)ideas: 【 9】 _. 1)Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become outmoded; 2)Some companies (10)other specialized individuals or organisations 【 10】 _. to do research on their behalf; 3)Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction
5、 of the domestic firms with overseas companies. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an int
6、erview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the conversation what is Dr. Gus purpose? （ A） To have a talk with exhibitor. （ B） To purchase a lab. （ C） To discuss the possibility of negot
7、iation with the Universal Computers Ltd （ D） To inquire more information about the scientific apparatus. 12 They have been concerned with the following terms EXCEPT_. （ A） millions of instructions per second （ B） discount （ C） remote connection （ D） management committee 13 From the conversation we k
8、now if we buy more products from the Universal Computers Ltd.,_. （ A） we can earn more mone （ B） we can benefit more （ C） they will give us more service （ D） they will move their main building to China 14 When can exhibitor expect to get an answer? （ A） Within a month or two. （ B） By Tuesday. （ C） V
9、ery soon. （ D） Immediately. 15 From the conversation we can deduce that_. （ A） they have a good beginning of trading （ B） they are eager to know each other （ C） they want to shake hands in Beijing （ D） they hate the barriers between them SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will
10、hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 A family business can be anything but _. （ A） selling candy bars （ B） hotel chains （ C） pass down from generations （ D） run by
11、 the state 16 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types o
12、f questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great
13、deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environ
14、ment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ th
15、eory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is al- most completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorist
16、s view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on s
17、tandardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantag
18、es that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue f
19、or a long time is certain. 17 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? （ A） Nature or Nurture. （ B） Cooperative or Competitive. （ C） Intelligence: Product of Experiences. （ D） Behavior: Product of Instincts. 18 Behaviorists believe that_. （ A） humans should behave mechanically
20、 （ B） human behavior patterns are based on biological and genetic factors （ C） human behavior is determined mainly by their surroundings （ D） factors in the environment have little influence on peoples personalities. 19 In the United States, blacks score below whites on standardized intelligence tes
21、ts. We think it probable that_. （ A） blacks are genetically inferior to whites （ B） blacks dont have the same opportunity for education as whites do （ C） blacks and whites develop different responses （ D） none of the above statements gives a satisfactory answer 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
22、 Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 20 Which part of Britain is always fighting? （ A） England. （ B） Scotland. （ C） Wales. （ D） Northern Ireland. 21 The longest river in New Zealand is_. （ A） the Clutha River （ B） the Wanganui
23、 （ C） the Rangitata （ D） the Waikato 22 _flourished in Elizabethan Age more than any other form of literature. （ A） Drama （ B） Novel （ C） Poetry （ D） Essay 23 _are the two parties dominating the political scene in the U.S. （ A） Conservative Party and Labour Party （ B） Liberal Party and Conservative
24、Party （ C） Democrats and Republicans （ D） National Party and Labour Party 24 The nickname “big apple“ refers to_of America. （ A） San Francisco （ B） Los Angeles （ C） New York （ D） Chicago 25 In the following dialogue, the maxim of_is not observed. F: What time is it? M: Its terribly cold in here. （ A
25、） quality （ B） quantity （ C） relevance （ D） manner 26 F. Scott Fitzgerald is not the author of _. （ A） This Side of Paradise （ B） Tender is the Night （ C） The Great Gatsby （ D） In Our Time 27 _ was an Irish dramatist and writer who became an active member of the Fabian Society and won Nobel Prize fo
26、r Literature in 1925. （ A） Bernard Shaw （ B） Oscar Wilde （ C） James Joyce （ D） Henrik Ibsen 28 The first known settlers of Britain were _. （ A） the Jutes （ B） the Celts （ C） the Saxons （ D） the Iberians 29 Which of the following is Thomas Hardys best-known novel? （ A） Far From the madding Crowd （ B）
27、 The Mayor of Castorbridge （ C） Tess of the DUrbervilles （ D） The Return of the Native 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING and 【 B2】 _ increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in tuitions 【 B3】 _ may reflect the fact economic uncer
28、tainty increases the demand for 【 B4】 _ education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing 【 B5】 _ income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate- and professional-school tuition); the poor ones job prospects, the 【 B6】 _ more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job ma
29、rket to education, in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to 【 B7】 _ students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 【 B8】 _ Sky-high tuitions have caused unive
30、rsities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten 【 B9】 _ the rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass high
31、er education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need-just
32、like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on 【 B10】 _ their best customer. 30 【 B1】 31 【 B2】 32 【 B3】 33 【 B4】 34 【 B5】 35 【 B6】 36 【 B7】 37 【 B8】 38 【 B9】 39 【 B10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 40 不消说，相识的人数是随了年龄增加的，一个人年龄越大，走过的地方、当过的职务越
33、多，相识的人理该越增加了。可是，相识的人并不就是朋友。我们和许多人认识，或是因了事务关系，或是因了偶然的机缘棗如在别人请客的时候同席吃过饭之类。见面时点头或握手，有事时走访或通信，口头上彼此也称 “朋友 ”，笔头上有时或称 “仁兄 ”，诸如此类，其实只是一种社交上的客套，和 “顿首 ”、 “百拜 ”同是仪式的虚伪。这种交际可 以说是社交，和真正的友谊相差似乎很远。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 41 Chinese leaders believe it is
34、 necessary to hold the nation together, to keep it growing, to keep moving toward its destiny. Chinas economic growth has made it more and more dependent on the outside world for investment, markets, and energy. Computers and the Internet, fax machines and photocopiers, modems and satellites all inc
35、rease the exposure to people, ideas, and the world beyond Chinas borders. The effect is only just beginning to be felt. Indeed, greater openness is profoundly in Chinas own interest., If welcomed, it will speed economic growth, enhance the world influence of China and stabilize society. Without the
36、full freedom to think, question, create, China will be at a distinct disadvantage, competing with fully open societies in the Information Age where the greatest source of national wealth is what resides in the human mind. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words
37、 on the following topic. 42 Now many educational institutions in China have native speakers on their faculty who teach the English language. In what ways are these teachers useful (or not useful) to the Chinese students? Write an essay of about 400 words to express your views on. Native Speakers as
38、English Teachers in China In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be a
39、warded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of narks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 575答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lectu
40、re ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-fil
41、ling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 The Commercialisation of Science and Technology Good morning, everyone. Id like to welcome you all to our series of lectures on “Excellence in Science“-and I must say, judging by the numbers of you in the audience out there
42、, this is the most popular lecture we have had all year! So rather than take up any more of your time, Id like to introduce my own topic “The Commercialisation of Science and Technology“. Science and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And its an
43、issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. Let me just begin by giving you an overview of the relationship between science and technology and research development and innovation. These are terms which people often use as ff they mean the same thing. Essentially, science is that w
44、hich is done to generate new basic knowledge, knowledge in areas Where nobody has previously researched. Generally, thats done in the universities and the government funded research centers, of one sort or another. The larger international companies also do some of that, their own research I mean. T
45、echnology is really to do with the application of science. It turns scientific discoveries into a useful product, or a useful service. If I may compare scientific and technology, I could say that science provides the fundamental knowledge that explains a phenomenon, whereas technology takes that und
46、erstanding and transforms it into a useful thing. Its very much like a pendulum and a click. The pendulum is the part of a clock whose movement, back and forth, makes a clock work. The click is the useful product that has a function of telling the time. Therefore, science can be compared to that swi
47、nging motion within the clock and technology is the total object - the clock. Thats the sort of difference youre looking at. Research, development and innovation are aligned, in that research is closely related to basic sciences. Development is the process of taking the basic scientific idea or item
48、 and running it through to the development of products and services. Innovation is really about putting that product and service into the market place. So innovation is about the creation of a new of ideas and products and a new set of ways of delivering them. Now in terms of commercialisation of technology, the most important thing nowadays is the difficulty that countries have with funding. That is, getting enough money with which to develop scientific ideas into useful products and services. Its very expensive. For every dollar you spend on basic research, it costs a company $10 in
