1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 581及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Food and Fitness: the American Obsession Americans seem to be always in a hurry, which has become one 【 1
3、】 【 1】_ _as national impatience. This impatience is not only obvious in the streets, but also evident in American eating habits. The 【 2】 _ 【 2】_ fast food chains like McDonalds and Kentucky, which can offer fast serv- ice, can best express this impatience. As for the popularity of these fast food c
4、hains; “fast“ and“ instant“ are the very reasons. The salad bar fulfils the first 【 3】 _very well 【 3】_ and is thus welcomed. “Take Out“ food as an instant meal can be taken wherever you like, so it is very popular in American and have actually be- come an American way of life. To heat the instant f
5、ood, another invention to 【 4】 _the speed is the microwave oven. 【 4】 _ Americans eat abundant food in such an instant way that they tend to be 【 5】 _. As a result, Americans become 【 6】 _in an- 【 5】_ other problem-keeping beautiful and fit. Thus business to meet these 【 6】_ needs, like-books on die
6、ts and fitness, and Weight Watchers, develops very quickly and has made very great profits. Apart from being 【 7】 _, people would also like a firm body 【 7】_ and a young appearance, therefore, exercise has become another fixation in the last10 years. Many people, young or old, take exercises very se
7、rious-ly. And both outdoor exercise and indoor exercise are very popular, and to meet the 【 8】 _need of exercise a full line of exercise equipment 【 8】_ is invented and offered. It seems that Americans have spent no little time on diets and fitness, but how is it so many Americans 【 9】 _fat? That s
8、perhaps one of 【 9】_ the 【 10】 _of American society. However, facing to all kinds of 【 10】_ temptations, the optimistic Americans are slowly adapting the way they eat and live for a longer and healthier life. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW
9、 Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the intervie
10、w. 11 According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is （ A） English language proficiency. （ B） different cultural practices. （ C） different negotiation tasks. （ D） the international Americanized style. 12 Janets attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business neg
11、otiations is （ A） supportive. （ B） negative. （ C） ambiguous. （ D） cautious. 13 Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators? （ A） Americans prepare more points before negotiations. （ B） Americans are more straightforward during negotiations. （ C）
12、Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations. （ D） Brazilians seek more background information. 14 Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward? （ A） The British. （ B） Germans. （ C） Americans. （ D） Not mentioned. 15 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese neg
13、otiators? （ A） Reserved. （ B） Prejudiced. （ C） Polite. （ D） Prudent. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions
14、. 16 Why have U.S. government temporarily closed the American consulate in Lagos? （ A） Because of political disturbance there. （ B） Because of economic crisis there. （ C） Because of security threat there. （ D） Because of the workers strike there. 17 In Nigeria, violent clashes frequently erupt betwe
15、en the countrys _. （ A） Muslims and the Blacks （ B） Muslims and Christians （ C） Christians and the Blacks （ D） the Blacks and the White 17 THE MAGIC OF EXERCISE Suppose there was a potion that could keep you strong and trim as you aged, while protecting your heart and bones; improving your mood, sle
16、ep and memory; warding off breast and colon cancer, and reducing your overall risk of dying prematurely. Studies have shown that exercise can have all those benefits even for people who take it up late in life. Kin Narita and Gin Kanie, Japanese twins who are national longevity icons, celebrated the
17、ir 105th birthday last week by planting trees and playing golf for the first time. Kanie suggested that activity might be a key to their long lives. “At this age I walk for two hours each morning for exercise,“ she said. When Dr. Ralph Paffenbarger started tracking the health of 19,000 Harvard and U
18、niversity of Pennsylvania alumni back in the early 1960s, many experts thought vigorous exercise was downright dangerous for people over 50. But the Stanford epidemiologist turned that wisdom on its head. In a landmark 1986 study, Paffenbarger showed that the participants death rates fell in direct
19、proportion to the number of calories they burned each week. Those burning 2,000 a week (roughly the number it takes to walk 20 miles) suffered only half the annual mortality of the couch potatoes, thanks mainly to a lower rate of heart disease. Subsequent studies have shown that different activities
20、 bring different rewards. Everyone now agrees that aerobic exercise preserves the heart, lungs and brain, and researchers at Tufts University have recently shown that weight lifting can do as much for the frail elderly as it does for high school jocks. When Dr. Maria Fiatarone got 10 chronically iii
21、 nursing-home residents, to lift weights three times a week for two months, the participants average walking speed nearly tripled, and their balance improved by half. EATING TO NOURISH LONG LIFE We all know that living on fat, salt and empty calories can have a range of nasty consequences, from obes
22、ity and impotence to hypertension and heart disease. Yet there are other ways to eat, and people who adopt them stay younger longer. In controlled studies, San Francisco cardiologist Dean Ornish has shown that a diet based on low-fat, nutrient-rich foods not only prevents heart disease the Western w
23、orlds leading cause of early death but can help reverse it. And other studies suggest that dietary changes could virtually eliminate the high blo9d pressure that places 50 million older Americans at high risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney failure. You wouldnt know that from watching people age
24、in the United States. Hypertension afflicts a third of all Americans in their 5Os, half of those in their 60s and more than two thirds of those over 70. But preindustrial people dont follow that pattern. Whether they happen to live in China or Africa, Alaska or the Amazon, people in primitive settin
25、gs experience no change in blood pressure as they age, and the reason is fairly simple: they dont eat processed foods. Dr. Paul Whelton of Tulane Universitys School of Public Health has spent the past decade tracking 15,000 indigenous Yi people in southwestern China. As long as they eat a traditiona
26、l diet rice, a little meat and a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables these rural farmers virtually never develop hypertension. But when they migrate to nearby towns, their blood pressure starts to rise with age. What makes processed food so harmful? Salt is one key suspect. When you subsist mainly on
27、 fresh plant foods as our ancestors did for roughly 7 million years you get 10 times more potassium than sodium. That 10-to-one ratio is, by Eatons reasoning, the one our bodies are designed for. But salt is now showered on foods at every stage of processing and preparation, while potassium leaches
28、out. As a result, most of us now consume more salt than potassium. “Modern humans are the only mammals that do that,“ says Eaton, “and were the only ones that develop hypertension.“ A recent clinical study suggests that dietary changes can reduce blood pressure as markedly as drug treatment, and can
29、 produce results in as little as two months. In the study, researchers at several institutions place volunteers on one of three diets. Those on a low-fat menu that included 10 daily servings of fresh fruits and vegetables, plus two servings of calcium-rich dairy products, reduced their systolic and
30、diastolic readings by 5.5 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively. And those suffering from hypertension get reductions of twice that magnitude. 18 “Couch potatoes“ probably means _. （ A） people who suffer high mortality （ B） people who take little exercise （ C） people who walk 40 miles a week （ D） people who h
31、ave a lower rate of heart disease 19 According to the passage, which of the following could be considered as a healthy diet? （ A） A diet that is sugar free but nutrient-rich. （ B） A diet that is sodium free but vitamins-rich. （ C） A diet that contains a lot of potassium and calcium. （ D） A diet that
32、 consists of low-fat meat and fresh plants. 20 According to Dr. Ralph Paffenbagers study, _. （ A） aerobic exercise help prevent lung diseases （ B） vigorous exercise is dangerous for poeple over 50 （ C） weight lifting can do much good to the frail elderly （ D） the more exercise one does, the less one
33、 is likely to die 21 The Western worlds leading cause of early death is _. （ A） lung cancer （ B） heart disease （ C） bronchitis （ D） insomnia 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 Which o
34、f the following is NOT a compound word? （ A） Rainbow. （ B） Football. （ C） Icy-cold. （ D） Unpleasant. 23 The United States bought Louisiana from _. （ A） France （ B） Spain （ C） Britain （ D） Mexico 24 In some speech community, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to pla
35、y, this is _. （ A） pidgin （ B） creole （ C） diglossia （ D） bilingualism 25 How does the Wars of the Roses get the name? （ A） the war is righted to get the roses （ B） the war took place in the time when roses were in blossom （ C） the war was righted because of love affair （ D） the two sides raised the
36、 banner of rose 26 _ is a major city in the south - east of New York state and comprises five boroughs, one of which is Manhattan, the economic and cultural heart of the city. （ A） New York （ B） Los Angeles （ C） Seattle （ D） Dallas 27 Which of the following statements is true of the vocal cords? （ A
37、） In male adults the vocal cords are typically longer than in female adults. （ B） In male adults the vocal cords are typically shorter than in female adults. （ C） In male adults the vocal cords are typically thinner than in female adults. （ D） The vocal cords in both male and female adults are of th
38、e same length. 28 Idioms adjectival in nature function as _. （ A） adjectives （ B） attributes （ C） modifiers （ D） words 29 The Louisiana territory of America was purchased from_. （ A） Spain （ B） England （ C） France （ D） Russia 30 The well-known river that runs through London is called _. （ A） the Tha
39、mes （ B） the Avon （ C） the Hudson （ D） the Rhine 31 Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in _. （ A） Britain （ B） Britain and U.S.A （ C） the United States （ D） all the English-speaking countries 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING libraries, and teaching aids. They have the access to advanced knowledge of science and
40、technology and they can learn English more quickly than in tidal own countries. Besides, their contacts with different cultures and customs can broaden their minds and hence make them have a better understanding of their own countries. Students studying in their home countries have no language barri
41、ers in reading books, attending classes, and discussing their lessons with their teachers or fellow students. Consequently, they can achieve better results than in the U. S. Besides, they do not lose contact with the cultures of their home countries and they have fewer difficulties in their life. Wh
42、at is more important to most of the students is that education at home is less costly and they can concentrate on their study instead of doing part-time jobs to support their study. My view is that the two situations have both advantages and disadvantages. To minimize the losses and maximize the gai
43、ns, we should first of all make a sorest decision on the optimum time of departure. It is better to learn the basics of our subjects and achieve a certain degree of English proficiency in our home countries because it saves both time and money. After this stage, it is better for us to go to the Unit
44、ed States and pursue our study there. The life in the U.S. may be busier and sometimes hard, but it is a worthwhile sacrifice for the most important consideration-academic achievements. 【试题解析】 这是一篇关于是否应该到美国留学的议论文，关于这个问题，有两种不同的看法：有人认为学生应在国内学习；有些认为赴美留学更有益。本题要求考生谈谈这两种情况各自的优点，并说明自己认为哪种学习方法更好。这个题目对每个考生来说
45、都是熟题，但每个人都有自己的想法，有些想法不宜明言，例如生活标准问题，依赖奖学金或打工助学问题，移民问题等。文章应从正面谈，围绕学习本身，学习环境和学习费用等问题进行分析。根据题目要求，重点应放在两种情况的有利方面。不利的方面也要谈，但只应在比较的过程中谈，目的是得 出结论，为自己的观点服务。既然大部分考生都想能到外国学习深造，应该取何种观点不言而喻，文中可明确表达。 从范文来看，文章认为留学较好，但这个观点没有在前面表达，而是放在了最后一段，同时，文章的观点并非简单的赞同或反对，避免了绝对化。具体写法与分段如下： 第一段：叙述情况，指出各有优点；第二段：赴美学习的有利一面；第三段：在本国国内学习的有利一面；第四段：指出应在国内打基础，然后到美国深造，同时表示决心。
