1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.13-2011Storage/Retrieval(S/R) Machines and Associated EquipmentSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsRevision of ASME B30.13-2003 (R2008)ASME B30.13-2011Revision of ASME B30.13-2003 (R2008)Storage/Retrieval(S/R) Machine
2、s andAssociated EquipmentSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: January 17, 2012The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard will b
3、ecomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued and will also be includ
4、ed with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pa
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6、.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals
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12、Y 10016-5990Copyright 2012 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 13-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 13-0.1 Scope of B30.13 1Section 13-0.2 Def
13、initions 1Section 13-0.3 References to Other Codes and Standards 4Chapter 13-1 Construction and Installation 5Section 13-1.1 Marking . 5Section 13-1.2 Clearances . 5Section 13-1.3 General Construction 5Section 13-1.4 Cabs 5Section 13-1.5 Lubrication 6Section 13-1.6 Platforms, Ladders, and Personnel
14、Access to Aisles and Runways . 6Section 13-1.7 Stops, Bumpers, Interlocks, Sweeps, and Guards 7Section 13-1.8 Brakes . 7Section 13-1.9 Electrical Equipment . 8Section 13-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . 10Section 13-1.11 Documentation 12Chapter 13-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 13Section 13-2.1 Ins
15、pection . 13Section 13-2.2 Testing 14Section 13-2.3 Maintenance . 14Section 13-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 15Section 13-2.5 Roller Chain and Leaf Chain Inspection, Replacement, andMaintenance 16Section 13-2.6 Welded Link Chain Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 17Section
16、13-2.7 Belt Inspection and Replacement . 17Chapter 13-3 Operation. 19Section 13-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators 19Section 13-3.2 Handling the Load . 20Section 13-3.3 Miscellaneous . 20Figures13-0.2.1-1 Typical Unit Load S/R Machine 213-0.2.1-2 Typical Aisle Transfer Car 213-0.2.1-3 T
17、ypical Operator Ridden S/R Machine . 3iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of Ame
18、rica Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes,
19、 derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently
20、to theUSA Standards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recomm
21、endation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOc
22、tober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and wi
23、dely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an Am
24、erican NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe di
25、fferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand othe
26、r regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their emplo
27、yees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is t
28、hereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safet
29、y codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This volume of the Standard, wh
30、ich was approved by the B30 Standard Committee andby ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard onOctober 27, 2011.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the
31、time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT BattelleT. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.
32、R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.B. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering otherwise, the ladder willextend an additional similar di
33、stance above the pointof exit.13-1.6.4 Access to Cab or Service PlatformAccess to the cab or service platform shall be by meansrequiring no step over any gap exceeding12 in. (305 mm).13-1.6.5 Personnel Access to Machine Aisles andRunwaysMachine aisles and runways shall be clearly desig-nated to be u
34、sed by authorized personnel only.SECTION 13-1.7: STOPS, BUMPERS, INTERLOCKS,SWEEPS, AND GUARDS13-1.7.1 StopsMechanical means shall be provided for preventingthe shuttle from becoming disengaged from itssupport(s).13-1.7.2 Bumpers for S/R Machines and AisleTransfer Cars(a) S/R machines or aisle trans
35、fer cars shall be pro-vided with bumpers or other means capable of stoppingthe equipment including the rated load when travelingin either direction at 100% of the rated load speed with-out structural damage to the equipment. When devicesother than bumpers are provided for this purpose, theyshall ope
36、rate independently from all other power, drive,and electrical systems on the S/R machine or aisle trans-fer car.(b) The application of the stopping force shall notcause the S/R machine or the aisle transfer car tooverturn.(c) When more than one S/R machine or aisle transfercar is located and operate
37、d on the same runway, bump-ers or other means shall be provided on their adjacentends to meet the stopping requirements specified inparas. 13-1.7.2(a) and (b). When devices other thanbumpers are used, the application of such devices shallbe based on sensing the physical position of otherS/R machines
38、 or aisle transfer cars at a safe enoughdistance to ensure sufficient braking application to pre-vent collision.(d) As an additional requirement for operator riddenS/R machines and for machines that may be riddenby other personnel, bumpers or other means shall beprovided that are capable of stopping
39、 the S/R machine(including the rated load) at a deceleration that shallnot exceed 16 ft/sec2(4.9 m/s2) when travelling in eitherdirection at 50% of the rated load speed.713-1.7.3 Runway Interlocks(a) Interlocks shall prevent S/R machine travelbetween the aisle and aisle transfer car unless the track
40、sin the aisle and on the transfer car are aligned. Also,travel of the transfer car shall be prevented unless theS/R machine is completely on or off the transfer car.(b) Means should be provided to limit the drop of theS/R machine frame to12in. (13 mm) in case of wheelor axle breakage. Also, a means
41、should be provided tolimit the lateral movement in the event of wheel or axlebreakage.13-1.7.4 Runway SweepsRunway sweeps shall be provided in front of the run-way wheels to provide clear passage for the wheels.13-1.7.5 Guards for Hoisting Ropes, Chains, or BeltsIf it is possible for hoisting ropes,
42、 chains, or belts tofoul or chafe on adjacent parts of the S/R machine undernormal operating conditions, guards shall be installedto minimize damage.13-1.7.6 Guards for Moving Parts(a) Exposed moving parts such as gears, set screws,projecting keys, ropes, chains, chain sprockets, belts, andreciproca
43、ting components that might constitute a hazardunder normal operating conditions shall be guarded.(b) Each guard shall be capable of supporting withoutpermanent deformation the weight of a 200 lb (90 kg)person unless the guard is located where it is not reason-able to expect a person to step during o
44、peration ormaintenance.SECTION 13-1.8: BRAKES13-1.8.1 Brakes for Electric Hoists(a) Each independent hoisting unit of an S/R machineshall be equipped with at least one holding brake,applied directly to the motor shaft or some part of thegear train.(b) Each independent hoisting unit of anS/R machine,
45、 except worm-geared hoists, the angle ofwhose worm is such as to prevent the load from acceler-ating in the lowering direction, shall, in addition to aholding brake, be equipped with control braking meansto control lowering speeds.13-1.8.2 Holding Brakes(a) Holding brakes for hoist motors shall have
46、 a ratingnot less than the following percentage of the full loadhoisting torque at the point where the brake is applied:(1) 125% when used with a control braking meansother than mechanical(2) 100% when used with a mechanical controlbraking means(3) 100% each if two holding brakes are provided(11)(11
47、)ASME B30.13-2011(b) Holding brakes on hoists shall have thermal capac-ity for the frequency of operation required by the service.(c) Holding brakes shall be applied automaticallywhen power to the brake is removed.(d) Holding brakes shall be provided with means tocompensate for lining wear.(e) The w
48、earing surface of all brake wheels, drums,or disks shall be free of defects that interfere with theoperation.13-1.8.3 Control Braking Means(a) An electrical control braking means (such as regen-erative, dynamic, countertorque, or eddy current brak-ing), a mechanical, or a hydraulic control braking m
49、eansshall be capable of maintaining controlled travel or low-ering speeds.(b) The control braking means shall have thermalcapacity for the frequency of operation required by theservice.13-1.8.4 Horizontal Travel and Shuttle Brakes(a) This paragraph does not apply to horizontal shut-tle drives that do not require a brake to stop motion orhold position.(b) Brakes shall be provided for horizontal travel andshall be applied automatically when power to the brakeis removed, but shall not prohibit the use of a drift pointin the control circuit.(c) Brakes shall be provided with means
