1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 584及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Suggestions for Effective Research-Based Assignments I. The function of a well-designed assignment It tea
3、ches students valuable research skills. It improves the (1)_of the students papers. Confusing and frustrating assignments lead students to (2)_product. II. Suggestions in developing assignments A. Set (3)_;students should be able to; Develop a (4)_topic for research. Select and use appropriate resou
4、rces to locate relevant and timely materials. Distinguish between popular and scholarly sources and detect signs of bias. Quote and cite sources giving (5)_and avoiding plagiarism. B. Teach research strategies Define your (6)_using background information. Develop keywords and phrases for searching.
5、Use library catalogs to find relevant books. Use article databases and printed indexes to find more information. Use Internet directories and (7)_to locate authoritative,high-quality information. C. Provide the resource lists III. (8)_problems the teaching staff should avoid A. Students are forbidde
6、n to use anything from the Internet. B. An entire class work on the same specific topic. C. Students are required to use materials that are not available. D. Students are using (9)_information. E. Students are assigned too vague or general topics. F. Students are given trivia questions. IV. The use
7、of Internet Forbidding all use of Internet is not the best solution. Accept the online versions if they are properly cited. (10)_the web sites. Consult with the librarians and use their services. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
8、 then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which of the following statements about Doctor David Ho is correct? （ A） He was
9、 Time magazines man of the year in 2006 for his achievement. （ B） Hes a scientific director for AIDS Treatment at Rockefeller University. （ C） He was the lead researcher in the new study against AIDS. （ D） He was skeptical of the results of the new study. 12 What did this study accomplish? （ A） The
10、study allows doctors to control the part of HIV thats active in the body quite well. （ B） The hidden pool of HIV is named as the reservior through this study. （ C） The hidden pool of HIV is lowered modestly in the four patients. （ D） The hidden pool of HIV could be reduced more than 80 percent. 13 W
11、hat does Doctor David Ho say about the measurement of the test results? （ A） modest （ B） not so accurate （ C） not so cautious （ D） interesting 14 What does the implication of the study? （ A） The results of the study show that it is a step in the direction of a possible cure of AIDS. （ B） The results
12、 of the study show that the sleeping cells could be activated by this drug. （ C） The results of the study show that the drugs could get at the virus in the sleeping cells. （ D） The results of the study show that the risk of the AIDS will not go away. 15 What will the future study in this respect be
13、like according to Doctor David Ho? （ A） More patients will be studied to see if the observation of the study could be confirmed （ B） The scientists will not be so careful or cautious in carrying out such research. （ C） All the studies will reach 50 or 100 patients before we know more about this part
14、icular technique. （ D） The scientists will experiment on other particular techniques other than the one used in this study. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news ite
15、m, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What did the government intend to do in the beginning? （ A） Greatly restrict public smoking. （ B） Ban smoking in all public places. （ C） Supervise smoking in some bars. （ D） Ban public smoking in England. 17 The staff who work in public pla
16、ces would favor the ban because _. （ A） they dont have to inhale foul air. （ B） they dont have to serve smokers. （ C） they will get more tip from non smokers. （ D） there will be a rise on their salaries. 17 Dr Corell heads a team of some 300 scientists who have spent the past four years investigatin
17、g the matter in a process known as the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). The group, drawn from the eight countries with territories inside the Arctic Circle, has just issued a report called “Impacts of a Warming Arctic“, a lengthy summary of the principal scientific findings. Scientists have
18、long suspected that several factors lead to greater temperature swings at the poles than elsewhere on the planet. One is albedo (反照率 )-the posh scientific name for how much sunlight is reflected by a planets surface, and how much is reflected. Most of the polar regions are covered in snow and ice, w
19、hich are much more reflective than soil or ocean. If that snow melts, the exposure of dark earth (which absorbs heat) acts as a feedback loop that accelerates warming. A second factor that makes the poles special is that the atmosphere is thinner there than at the equator, and so less energy is requ
20、ired to warm it up. A third factor is that less solar energy is lost in evaporation at the frigid poles than in the steamy tropics. Arctic warming may influence the global climate in several ways. One is that huge amounts of methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas, are stored in the permafrost
21、 of the tundra. Although a thaw would allow forests to invade the tundra, which would tend to ameliorate any global warming that is going on (since trees capture carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas most talked about in the context of climate change), a melting of the permafrost might also lead to a l
22、ot of trapped methane being released into the atmosphere, more than offsetting the cooling effects of the new forests. Another worry is that Arctic warming will influence ocean circulation in ways that are not fully understood. One link in the chain is the salinity of sea water, which is decreasing
23、in the north Atlantic thanks to an increase in glacial meltwaters. Because fresh water and salt water have different densities, this “freshening“ of the ocean could change circulation patterns. The most celebrated risk is to the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt, a current which brings warm water from the
24、tropics to north-western Europe, and which is responsible for that regions unusually mild winters. Some of the ACIAs experts are fretting over evidence of reduced density and salinity in waters near the Arctic that could adversely affect this current. The biggest popular worry, though, is that melti
25、ng Arctic ice could lead to a dramatic rise in sea level. Here, a few caveats are needed. For a start, much of the ice in the Arctic is floating in the sea already. Archimedess principle shows that the melting of this ice will make no immediate difference to the seas level, although it would change
26、its albedo. Second, if land ice, such as that covering Greenland, does melt in large quantities, the process will take centuries. And third, although the experts are indeed worried that global warming might cause the oceans to rise, the main way they believe this will happen is by thermal expansion
27、of the water itself. Nevertheless, there is some cause for nervousness. As the ACIA researchers document, there are signs that the massive Greenland ice sheet might be melting more rapidly than was thought a few years ago. Cracks in the sheet appear to be allowing melt water to trickle to its base,
28、explains Michael Oppenheimer, a climatologist at Princeton University who was not one of the reports authors. That water may act as a lubricant, speeding up the sheets movement into the sea. If the entire sheet melted, the sea might rise by 6-7 metres. While acknowledging that disintegration this ce
29、ntury is still an unlikely outcome, Dr Oppenheimer argues that the evidence of the past few years suggests it is more likely to happen over the next few centuries if the world does not reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. He worries that an accelerating Arctic warming trend may yet push the ice mel
30、t beyond an “irreversible on/off switch“. Not everybody wants to hear a story like that. But what people truly believe is happening can be seen in their actions better than in their words. One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-d
31、istance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. It is surely no coincidence, then, that the Danish government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. It, at least, clearly believes that the Arctic ocean may soon be i
32、ce-free. 18 Which of the following factors may lead to greater temperature changes at the poles than elsewhere on the planet? （ A） The albedo of the poles will be larger if snow melts. （ B） the albedo of snow is larger than that of the exposed dark earth if snow melts. （ C） More energy is needed to
33、warm up the Arctic since the atmosphere there is thinner. （ D） Less solar energy is lost in volatilization at the poles than at the equator. 19 Which of the following statements about the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt is wrong? （ A） The current brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe
34、. （ B） It is responsible for the mild winters in the Arctic. （ C） It is caused by the freshening of the ocean: the water in the north Atlantic will lose saltiness because of the different densities. （ D） If the ACIAs experts worry becomes true, climate of the north-western Europe will be influenced.
35、 20 What does the word “caveat“ in line 2, paragraph 5 most probably mean? （ A） A warning. （ B） A qualification. （ C） A explanation. （ D） A formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard. 21 What does the autho
36、r imply in the last paragraph by the sentence “But what people truly believe is happening can be seen in their actions better than in their words“? （ A） Not everybody wants to hear a story like that. （ B） One of the reports most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the
37、region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. （ C） The Danish government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. （ D） None of the above. 22 The passage can best be found in _. （ A） an encyclopedia （
38、 B） science fiction （ C） a magazine （ D） a dissertation 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 In Britain, the day after Christmas is called （ A） Easter （ B） New Years Day （ C） Boxing Day
39、 （ D） Thanksgiving Day 24 Newcastle in the idiom of “take coals to Newcastle“ is the port city of （ A） America. （ B） Britain. （ C） Australia. （ D） New Zealand. 25 The “Shadow Cabinet“ is organized by _ in Britain. （ A） the Parliament （ B） the Opposition Party （ C） the Ruling Party （ D） the Prime Min
40、ister 26 Which of the following works best represent the national spirit of the 18th-century England? （ A） Robinson Crusoe （ B） Gullivers Travels （ C） Jonathan Wild the Great （ D） A Sentimental Journey 27 The Catcher in the Rye was written by （ A） J. D. Salinger. （ B） Edward Albee. （ C） Allen Ginsbe
41、rg. （ D） Flannery OConnor. 28 The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a (n) _. （ A） bound morpheme. （ B） bound form. （ C） inflectional morpheme. （ D） free morpheme. 29 Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to enrich its vocabulary in the past several centuri
42、es? （ A） Borrowing. （ B） Upgradation. （ C） Narrowing. （ D） Widening. 30 The first European settlement on Australia began in _. （ A） 1901 （ B） 1788 （ C） 1770 （ D） 1787 31 The Sound and the Fury was written by （ A） Upton Sinclair. （ B） Theodore Dreiser. （ C） F. Scott Fitzgerald. （ D） William Faulkner.
43、 32 Death of a Salesman was written by _. （ A） Arthur Miller （ B） Ernest Hemingway （ C） Ralph Ellison （ D） James Baldwin 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING this pigment is similar with that found in the retina 【 M9】 _ of the eye. One layer down, in the derma, there is similar varietion in thickness, mostly to
44、protect 【 M10】 _ underlying tissue. 33 【 M1】 34 【 M2】 35 【 M3】 36 【 M4】 37 【 M5】 38 【 M6】 39 【 M7】 40 【 M8】 41 【 M9】 42 【 M10】 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 43 有的动物学家和心理学家把现代人比成笼中的狮子。他们认为人们生活在拥挤的城市里，与动物园里的动物很相似。因此，城市的居民变得特别地好斗。如果人口增长速度慢一些，人们会有更多的
45、空间和自由。在史前，大约六十人的群体会有数公里的空间可供漫步和觅食。假如现在还有这样的条件，人类就不会比其他动物更好斗。目前可能 多达三万人在同一栋办公室里工作 。这样，人们之间变得寻衅好斗也就不足为奇了。实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。近年，由于世界人口的增长，人类必定变得更为好斗了。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 44 Michael Jordan, a basketball player in whom commentators have dis
46、cerned aristocratic qualities and supernatural powers, has retired from the game that made him one of the worlds best known and best paid sportsmen. Last weeks announcement was premature by most peoples measurement - Jordan is 30 and at the height of his playing and earning power but it was not, by
47、his own account, taken hastily, or rashly. “This is,“ he said, with a rare stumble, “the perfect timing for me to walk away.“ After three championships with the Chicago Bulls, a second gold medal with the US team at the 1992 Olympics, Jordan felt his motivation slipping away. “Im at the pinnacle,“ h
48、e told a thronged press conference. “I just feel I dont have anything else to prove.“ But this explanation may appear too simple to satisfy the skeptics, who have recently discovered that Jordan does not lead an untroubled private life. First came the allegations that he gambled - in a country where
49、 gambling is mostly illegal - and that his gambling was out of control. Then his father was shot dead on July 23. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 44 The current lottery craze in China has reached college campuses, where the promise of overnight wealth easily goes to the heads of some students. Some college students say they buy lottery tickets just for fun, o
