1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 590及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American Dream: Myth or Reality I. Coining of the term: A. became widely used (1)_ B. first appeared
3、in a (2)_written by Horatio Alger C. message sent by the story: Regardless of background, people with honesty, hard work and (3)_would always succeed. II. Basic definition: hopes for a better quality of life and a higher standard of living hopes for better jobs, more (4)_, or ownership of land or a
4、home III. Associations: A. in the past: desire to improve the quality of ones life today: an out-of-control (5)_and materialism B. desire to create opportunities through hard work a hallmark: the classic (6)_ an example: Abraham Lincoln C. (7)_and their stories and quests: often a narrative of upwar
5、d mobility D. (8) the frontier: symbols of (9)_and a fresh start the negtive side: meeting resistance from native American Indians E. equality an example: Martin Luther King Jr. s (10)_ a harsh reality: not everyone had the same opportunities SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will
6、hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the interviewee Mrs
7、, Sutter, the mason for limiting population is that _. （ A） population is directly related to consuming food and other resources which are being run out （ B） underdeveloped countries have great problems in increasing productivity to produce more materials （ C） people are destroying living environmen
8、t （ D） there is less space for people to live in 12 Why is it necessary to limit population even in Europe and America? （ A） They can save more to meet the needs of underdeveloped world. （ B） Europe and America shouldnt shirk the responsibility of the whole world. （ C） The number of people in Europe
9、 and America is no less than that in underdeveloped world. （ D） Europe and America consume a far greater proportion of the worlds resources and food. 13 Under what circumstances is it possible to increase population? （ A） We increase productivity and produce more food. （ B） We eat less food and use
10、less material. （ C） We find another planet to live on. （ D） The developed world is willing to help the underdeveloped world. 14 Free birth control technique should be compulsory for all the people EXCEPT _. （ A） upper-middle class people （ B） high IQ intelligentsia （ C） those who have less than 3 ch
11、ildren （ D） those who have more than 3 children 15 What is this interview mainly about? （ A） The need to control population both in underdeveloped and developed world. （ B） How to control population in Europe. （ C） Scarcity of food in the world. （ D） Population and Environment. SECTION C NEWS BROADC
12、AST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following is not the reason for the English couples divorce? （ A） Mrs. T
13、urner moved the furniture for 38 years. （ B） Mr. Turner could not bear her. （ C） Mr. Turner had committed adultery since January. （ D） Mrs. Turner refused to stop the moving of furniture. 17 Why did the couple moved from the matrimonial home into a caravan with some of the furniture fixed to the flo
14、or? （ A） They hoped it could cure Mrs. Turner s illness. （ B） They were tired of old environment. （ C） They hoped the obsession would stop. （ D） They wanted to lead a new life. 17 In the 1960s scientists begin to recognize that environmental contaminants could not only affect the health and survival
15、 of individual animals but also alter the prospects for their off-spring and thereby potentially change the genetic makeup of entire populations. Researchers were first altered to problems in wildlife in the 40s after the populations of eagles, falcons, and the other fish-eating birds in Britain plu
16、mmeted. In nest after nest the birds eggshells were so thin that they cracked under the weight of the adults during incubation. In the 1960s David Peakall and other wildlife toxicologists demonstrated that the accumulation of very high levels of such pesticides as DDT in the birds tissues had seriou
17、sly impaired their productive capabilities. Some of these declines resulted in the complete disappearance of populations from large portions of their former range. In North America, for example, the eastern population of the peregrine falcon was virtually wiped out. More recently, the Golf Coast pop
18、ulation of the brown pelican disappeared as a result of eggshell thinning thought to be caused by the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and endrin. Since then, researchers have provided additional evidence that environmental pollution can affect future generations. For example, exposure to high lev
19、els of PCBs has been shown to affect the learning and behavior of children. In the 1980s Snadra W. Jacobson and Joseph L. Jacobson of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, studied a group of children whose mothers had eaten PCBcontained fish from Lake Michigan. The researchers found that the ch
20、ildrens prenatal exposure to these compounds resulted in neurological anomalies at birth and developmental delays in motor function during infancy. The Jacobson retested the children at age 11. In a 1996 report they noted that the children exhibited significantly poorer intellectual function, amount
21、ing to a 6.2 point deficit in the IQs of the most highly exposed subjects. Contaminants also have been linked to a critical loss of genetic variability in populations of living organisms. One of the best studies of this phenomenon was published in 1994 by M. H Murdoch and P.D.N. Hebert of the Univer
22、sity of Guelph, Ontario. The study measured the variations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of populations of brown bullhead catfish in the Great Lakes, comparing bullheads from pristine reference areas with bullheads living in heavily contaminated with such pollutants as organochlorines and petroch
23、emicals. The two researchers used one of the most powerful tools of modern molecular population genetics-molecular analysis of DNA. By revealing differences in the specific code, i.e., in the sequence of nucleotides, contained in the DNA of a particular gene, the technique can help identify and quan
24、tify genetic variety within and among populations. For their study, Murdoch and Hebert examinated variations in genes of the cellular mitochondria, which possess their own DNA (mtDNA) that is distinct from the DNA found in the cell nucleus. Because mitochondrial genes are not “shuffled“ in the produ
25、ction of sperm and egg cells, as are nuclear genes, and because they are transmitted to offspring only by the mother, they are ideal for charting the relatedness and evolutionary history of spaces. The researchers found that although the numbers of fish were abundant in both types of sites, the leve
26、ls of genetic variability were always significantly higher in the pristine areas. The most likely explanation is that bullheads populations in polluted waters crashed after their initial contact with contaminants, but the remaining fish were able to repopulate because a few individuals possessed rar
27、e genes that allowed them to adapt and survive. Thus, even though the bullhead populations appeared to be thriving in contaminated areas, the genetic makeup of their populations had undergone a damaging simplification, a depletion of the storehouse of adaptations that animals can draw upon to surmou
28、nt environmental challenges such as the introduction of a new disease of fluctuations in climate. Their genetic diversity potentially could be quickly increased by the influx of new genes from migrant fish, but most fish from other populations might survive in the polluted sites long enough to contr
29、ibute to the gene pool. 18 The main purpose of the first 3 paragraphs of the passage is to _. （ A） prove that contaminants are harmful to health （ B） show that contaminants could affect the future generations （ C） describe some experiments made by toxicologists （ D） urge that pesticides should be ab
30、andoned 19 What is David Peakall? （ A） He is a farmer. （ B） He is a scientist of physics. （ C） He is a toxicologist. （ D） He works at the University of Michigan. 20 From the passage, we know that dieldrin is _. （ A） a kind of falcon （ B） a kind of pesticides （ C） a kind of catfish （ D） not mentioned
31、 in the passage 21 Which of the following could be drawn from the passage? （ A） Contaminants have nothing to do with a critical loss of genetic variability in populations of living organisms. （ B） Contaminants can affect human beings, （ C） Before 1960, some experiments about contaminants effect on g
32、enetic variability in populations of living organisms had been made. （ D） Hebert comes from Wayne State University. 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 22 Land enclosure in Ireland and th
33、e Scottish highlands led to mass emigration, particularly to_. （ A） Africa （ B） Eastern Europe （ C） Asia （ D） America 23 The social and economic conditions of the Indians are often poor and_of the Indian families live below the poverty level. （ A） half （ B） one fourth （ C） one third （ D） three quart
34、ers 24 _is the best known and the most welcome of the New England poets and is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloquial speech. （ A） Ezra Pound （ B） T. S. Eliot （ C） Robert Frost （ D） Tennessee Williams 25 Among the pioneers of the 18th centur
35、y novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and_. （ A） Laurance Sterne （ B） John Dryden （ C） Charles Dickens （ D） Alexander Pope 26 The two main political parties in Canada are_. （ A） the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party （ B） the Conservative Party and the Liberal Part
36、y （ C） the New Democratic Party and the Labor Party （ D） the Labor Party and the New Democratic Party 27 Easter falls officially on the _ Sunday after the full moon of March. （ A） first （ B） second （ C） third （ D） fourth 28 _ proposed the idea of the surface structure and the deep structure. （ A） Bl
37、oomfield （ B） Halliday （ C） Saussure （ D） Chomsky 29 Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the _. （ A） British Supreme Court （ B） Police of Scotland （ C） London police force （ D） Horse Guards of London 30 The novel Oliver Twist was written by _. （ A） Jane Austen （ B） John Keats （ C） Charles Dickens （
38、 D） George Eliot 31 A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called_. （ A） dialect （ B） idiolect （ C） pidgin （ D） register 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING only the hot blood grows colder and colder, the pulse feebler as he slee
39、ps, and at midnight, or in the early morning, he drops from his perchdead. Yesterday he lived and moved, responsive to a thousand external influences, reflecting earth and sky in his small brilliant brain as in a looking-glass; also he had a various language, the inherited knowledge of his race, and
40、 the faculty of flight, by means of which he could shoot, meteor-like, across the sky, and pass swiftly from place to places and with it he was able to drop himself plumb down from the tallest tree-top, or out of the void air, on to a slender spray, and scarcely cause its leaves to tremble. Now, on
41、this morning, he lies stiff and motionless; so easy and swift is the passage from life to death in wild nature! But he was never miserable. 三、 PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic. 35 English, which plays an important role in the process
42、of globalization, is now a compulsive course in our country. English is required in every field. But to master a language is not an easy thing. People come across a lot of problems when they are learning. Some say that a good memory is the most important element in learning English. What is your opi
43、nion on this statement? You are to write a composition of about 400 words to give and support your opinion. You should supply a title for your article. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appr
44、opriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET
45、FOUR. 专业英语八级模拟试卷 590答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lec
46、ture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 The American Dream: Myth or Reality Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. In the previous lectu
47、res on American history, we have discussed about the founding of the nature, the civil war, the development of its political system and the change in its peoples beliefs. I enjoyed greatly reading your papers and some of your ideas even trigger my thoughts. And I noticed that in your papers, more an
48、d more of you mentioned the American dream. That is the topic of today: The American Dream: Myth or Reality? The term “American dream“ is widely used today. But what exactly does this concept mean? Where does the term come from? When we talk about the American dream, whose American dream are we desc
49、ribing? Is the American dream the same for all Americans? Has the meaning of the term changed over time? Is the American dream a uniquely American concept? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and lead us to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a reality today? The term “American dream“ began to be widely used in 1867. (2) The term was used in a famous novel written by
