1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 591及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Academic Research and Project Design I. Research and Design (1) _ is a spring of creation while interest
3、is a power source for motivation. The importance of designing is to give a (2)_ from which you take off. II. Identifying Academic Research and Project Design 1)The most important is to choose a good topic. a meaningful topic from all (3)_. e. g. a meaningful topic of possible events on a given festi
4、val. a research question is defined as a (4)_of something, i. e. the most important and specific problem you want to answer in your research. 2) A good plan means a lot to a research project. The factors you consider in the first stage of academic writing; (5)_.Hierarchy and Perspective. The factors
5、 are interdependent and correlated. Change in one factor means further (6)_to the others. A certain perspective provides you with a chance to do things differently and creatively. III. (7)_in Academic Research and Project Design 1) Choosing meaningful and interesting topics. find something more and
6、relevant issues. (8)_refer to things naturally or logically related to ideas or topics in your research. 2) Selecting something practical and economical. narrow down the (9)_ of discussion or investigation. learn how to select and give up. 3) Choosing something (10)_. SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions:
7、 In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why wo
8、nt Zanele send her children to school? （ A） She thinks that her children can learn more things from her. （ B） She hates school and thus has a had feeling towards school. （ C） Her children will only play at school. （ D） Her children are in bad health. 12 All the followings are the reasons why Zaneles
9、 children dont grow properly EXCEPT _. （ A） they dont have enough nutritious food （ B） their bones have no time to grow well because of the hard work they do （ C） their bodies have worked too hard （ D） they are always beaten by their mother 13 According to the passage, which word can best describe Z
10、anele? （ A） Carefree. （ B） Obstinate. （ C） Easy-going. （ D） Optimistic 14 The primary purpose of the visit of Gugu and Zandi to Zanele family is to _. （ A） see her for a while because they miss her very, very much （ B） visit her because they will have a party （ C） have a discussion about how childre
11、n should be raised （ D） bake a cake for Zaneles family party 15 This passage is mainly about _. （ A） how some mothers on the farm worry about the childrens education （ B） how some children help their mother to do the chores on a farm （ C） how some thin children are forced to work in the field （ D） h
12、ow Gugu and Zandi make a visit to their friends family SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which wor
13、d can be used to describe the state of government after the event? （ A） Functional. （ B） Rebellious. （ C） Collapsed. （ D） Uncontrolled. 17 Philippines President Gloria Arroyo （ A） has been found guilty of wrongdoing. （ B） was forced to step down after 10 of 24 cabinet members resigned from the gover
14、nment. （ C） will continue to run the government according to the constitution. （ D） had a tension with the new cabinet. 17 Over the years, biologists have suggested two main pathways by which sexual selection natural selection for characters that confer success in competition for a mate as distingui
15、shed from competition with other species; also: the choice of a mate based on a preference for certain characteristics may have shaped the evolution of male birdsong. In the first place, male competition and intrasexual selection produce relatively short, simple songs used mainly in territorial beha
16、vior. In the second place, female choice and intersexual selection produce longer, more complicated songs used mainly in mate attraction; like such visual ornamentation as the peacocks tail, elaborate vocal characteristics increase the males chances of being chosen as a mate, and he thus enjoys more
17、 reproductive success than his less ostentatious rivals. The two pathways are not mutually exclusive, and we can expect to find examples that reflect their interaction. Teasing for microscopic examination them apart has been an important challenge to evolutionary biologists. Early research confirmed
18、 the role of intrasexual selection. In a variety of experiments in the field, males responded aggressively to recorded songs by exhibiting territorial behavior near the speakers. The breakthrough for research into intersexual selection came in the development of a new technique for investigating fem
19、ale response in the laboratory. When female cowbirds raised in isolation in sound-proof chambers were exposed to recordings of male song, they responded by exhibiting mating behavior. By quantifying the responses, researchers were able to determine what particular features of the song were most impo
20、rtant. In further experiments on song sparrows, researchers found that when exposed to a single song type repeated several times or to a repertoire of different song types, females responded more to the latter. The beauty of the experimental design is that it effectively rules out confounding variab
21、les; acoustic isolation assures that the female can respond only to the song structure itself. If intersexual selection operates as theorized, males with more complicated songs should not only attract females more readily but should also enjoy greater reproductive success. At first, however, researc
22、hers doing fieldwork with song sparrows found no correlation between larger repertoires and early mating, which has been shown to be one indicator of reproductive success; further, common measures of male quality used to predict reproductive success, such as weight, size, age, and territory, also fa
23、iled to correlate with song complexity. The confirmation researchers had been seeking was finally achieved in studies involving two varieties of warblers. Unlike the song sparrow, which repeats one of its several song types in bouts before switching to another, the warbler continuously composes much
24、 longer and more variable songs without repetition. For the first time, researchers found a significant correlation between repertoire size and early mating, and they discovered further that repertoire size had a more significant effect than any other measure of male quality on the number of young p
25、roduced. The evidence suggests that warblers use their extremely elaborate songs primarily to attract females, clearly confirming the effect of intersexual selection on the evolution of birdsong. 18 The passage is primarily concerned with_. （ A） showing that intrasexual selection has a greater effec
26、t on birdsong than does intersexual selection （ B） contrasting the role of song complexity in several species of birds （ C） describing research confirming the suspected relationship between intersexual selection and the complexity of birdsong （ D） demonstrating the superiority of laboratory work ove
27、r field studies in evolutionary biology 19 The author mentions the peacocks tail in Paragraph One in Line 8 most probably in order to_. （ A） cite an exception to the theory of the relationship between intrasexual selection and male competition （ B） illustrate the importance of both of the pathways t
28、hat shaped the evolution of birdsong （ C） draw a distinction between competing theories of intersexual selection （ D） give an example of a feature that may have evolved through intersexual selection by female choice 20 According to the passage, which of the following is specifically related to intra
29、sexual selection? （ A） Female choice. （ B） Territorial behavior. （ C） Complex song types. （ D） Large song repertoires. 21 Which of the following, if true, would most clearly demonstrate the interaction mentioned in Lines 11 13? （ A） Female larks respond similarly both to short, simple songs and to l
30、onger, more complicated songs. （ B） Male canaries use visual ornamentation as well as elaborate song repertoires for mate attraction. （ C） Both male and female blackbirds develop elaborate visual and vocal characteristics. （ D） Male jays use songs to compete among themselves and to attract females.
31、22 The passage indicates that researchers raised female cowbirds in acoustic isolation in order to_. （ A） eliminate confounding variables （ B） approximate field conditions （ C） measure reproductive success （ D） quantify repertoire complexity 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There a
32、re ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. 23 The home of golf is_. （ A） Canada （ B） Wales （ C） England （ D） Scotland 24 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） In the 13th century a Black Rod went between the two Houses of Parliament for l
33、iaison and to discipline the members. （ B） In the 13th century Parliament only met by royal invitation. （ C） In the 13th century Parliaments role was to offer advice, not to make decisions. （ D） In the 13th century the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 25 More specifically, _
34、 is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. （ A） pragmatics （ B） semantics （ C） syntax （ D） phonology 26 In semantics, _deals with the relationship between the linguistic elements and the non-linguistic world of experience. （ A） sense （ B） synonymy （ C） refer
35、ence （ D） competence 27 Next to football, the most popular sport in Britain should be _. （ A） basketball （ B） ping-pong （ C） cricket （ D） golf 28 Which of the following words is inflectional? （ A） unfair （ B） carefree （ C） submarine （ D） going 29 _refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have
36、 a set of different meanings. （ A） homonymy （ B） antonymy （ C） polysemy （ D） homophony 30 William C.Bryant was the first American lyric poet of distinction. His fame as a poet dated from the printing of_in 1817. （ A） Thanatopsis （ B） Monument Mountain （ C） To A Waterfowl （ D） The Death of Flower 31
37、_ is a study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. （ A） Pragmatics （ B） Semantics （ C） Syntax （ D） Etymology 32 Easter is celebrated to remember _. （ A） the discovery of America （ B） the annexation of Hawaii （ C） the resurrection of Jesus （ D） the birth of J
38、esus Christ 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING Curiosity is a spring of creation. Interest is a power source for motivation. Research learning can greatly satisfy your needs in these two aspects. Then why do we need planning in our academic writing? This is really a great question. Here are some explanations.
39、Suppose you have a good idea about something in your study, which can be the result of a curious study of an issue. You may want to see if this idea is really important and meaningful to your study or your work, and see if you are motivated by a strong interest in this issue. What should you do at t
40、he beginning of this attempt? You can start by designing a good research plan for your project. (2) Can you see the importance of designing for scientific research? It gives you a starting point from which you can take off. Writing is a difficult job. Learning how to write in a foreign language is m
41、ore difficult. But academic writing in English is the most difficult thing for all non-native speakers. When you take up your big project in this writing class,you are exposed to academic writing. If you want to do a good job in this training,what you need most is how to make a meaningful outline so
42、 that other things will come out in a natural way. Our discussion concerning the big project training is arranged into two successive units. First,in this unit we are going to identify some important things in project designing. Then, in the next unit we will present you a research design we have ma
43、de for our research project in e-leaming. Keep this in mind: You have to know that it will take much time and energy to do research and you cannot expect to carry out a good project at one stroke. For this reason,we hope that you will follow us and get ready for more details that will come out as we
44、 move on together. Interested students are encouraged to go to the next unit for more information concerning the big project training. When doing research,the first important thing is to choose a good topic. “Good“ is a rather vague expression in this case. (3) Alternatively, we mean that you must c
45、hoose a meaningful topic from a lot of possibilities and write something about it. For instance, if you want to do a study of how people celebrate a given festival, you can choose a more meaningful topic by focusing on one of many possible events that may take place on this special occasion. (4) Mos
46、t of our research can be defined as a problem study of something. Put another way, we want to identify some big problems in our research and try to find out possible solutions to them. (4) Reasoning in this way, you may soon understand why in your research design you need to say a few words about yo
47、ur research questions. By a rather loose definition,a research question can be regarded as the most important and specific problems you want to answer in your study. A satisfactory treatment of this question,we believe,will help you have a better understanding of the whole issue you are addressing.
48、A good plan means a lot of things for a successful research project. According to our teaching and research experiences, (5) when you are in the first stage of academic writing,you need to consider the following factors in your designing: Categorization, Hierarchy and Perspective. These three factor
49、s are interdependent and correlated with each other. (6) If you change a factor you need to make further adjustments to the other factors as well. Otherwise, you cannot expect to have a good design. In addition, this model will be a very effective way to solve the problem of non-originality and overlap in your research design. Functionally speaking,a perspective implies a given way you select to examine, analyze, and discuss your research questio
