1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 593及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Characteristics of American Culture . Punctuality A. Going to the theater: be 【 1】 _ twenty minutes prior
3、 【 1】 _ B. Eateries response for delaying 【 2】 _ : 【 2】 _ push the reservation to the end of the list C. Dining with Americans at home: be slightly less restrictive . Equality A. First come, 【 3】 _ 【 3】 _ B. Bribery to receive any 【 4】 _ is not recommended. 【 4】 _ . Little concern about dress A. no
4、appreciation for 【 5】 _ about peoples dress 【 5】 _ B. popularity of uniform of jeans and 【 6】 _ 【 6】 _ . 【 7】 _ to feminism words among women 【 7】 _ A. be proud of a choice between office and home B. dislike such issues as gun control, abortion rights, and 【 8】 _【 8】 _ . Pride of efficiency above al
5、l else A. think of almost everything in units to be produced in the most time and 【 9】 _ manner. 【 9】 _ B. work to earn money to buy consumer goods that will pump money into the economy . Conclusion You are supposed to remember: A. the guidelines pointing to characteristics that are considered preva
6、lent in 【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ B. the traits often misunderstood or overlooked by typical short-team visitors. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the que
7、stions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 According to the dialogue, what class is Prof. Green teaching? （ A） Literature. （ B） History. （ C）
8、Economics. （ D） Psychology. 12 The assignment in week three should （ A） focus on the change of peasants lifestyle from 1930 to 1940. （ B） be one to two pages long. （ C） be a brief response to Stephens novel. （ D） focus on the living conditions of peasants during the 1930s. 13 What does Prof. Green s
9、ay about the bibliography? （ A） It is unnecessary at all. （ B） It is necessary if the essay is a long one. （ C） He says nothing about it. （ D） It is definitely necessary if students quote an author. 14 When is the third writing assignment due? （ A） By the end of the third week. （ B） By the end of th
10、e fifth week, （ C） By the end of the seventh week. （ D） By the end of the ninth week. 15 How many chapters does the class have to read each week? （ A） Five. （ B） Ten. （ C） Fifteen. （ D） Eight. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a
11、nd then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Charles Simonyi made his fortune working as a _ at software giant Microsoft. （ A） worker （ B） designer （ C） engineer, （ D） manager 17 Simonyi helped design both Microsoft
12、Word and Excel programs before leaving to form his own company in _. （ A） 1960 （ B） 1981 （ C） 1993 （ D） 2002 17 American culture is defined by rather gradual movements from one stage of socialization to the next. The lifelong socialization process involves many different social forces which influenc
13、e our lives and alter our self-images. Family The family is the institution most closely associated with the process of socialization. Obviously, one of its primary functions is the care and rearing of children. We experience socialization first as babies and infants living in families; it is here t
14、hat we develop an initial sense of self. Most parents seek to help their children become competent adolescents and self-sufficient adults, which means socializing them into the norms and values of both the family and the larger society. The development of the self is a critical aspect of the early y
15、ears of ones life. In the United States, such social development includes exposure to cultural assumptions regarding sex differences. The term “gender roles“ refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. As the primary agents of childhood socia
16、lization, parents play a critical role in guiding children into those gender roles deemed appropriate in a society. Other adults, older siblings, the mass media, and religious and educational institutions also have noticeable impact on a childs socialization into feminine and masculine norms. Differ
17、ential treatment of children by adults is an influential aspect of gender-role socialization. Let us consider a hypothetical example of differential treatment of children which begins in the family. Ron and Louise are twins who both show an unusual interest in science at an early age. For his birthd
18、ays, Ron is given chemistry sets, telescopes, microscopes, and the like; however, despite asking for similar gifts, Louise is given miniature dollhouses, beautiful dresses, and dancing lessons. When the twins are in junior high school, teachers take note of Rons love for science. They encourage him
19、to do special projects, to help with their laboratory work, and to join the science club. Louise is given no such encouragement; in fact, one teacher considers her fascination with astronomy “strange“ for a girl. By the twins high school years, Ron is well known as a “science whiz.“ The guidance cou
20、nselor suggests that he attend a college with a strong science program in order to achieve his goal of becoming a biologist. Louise has realized that she would like to become an astronomer, but the counselor and her parents pressure her into preparing for a career as an early childhood teacher a car
21、eer which they see as more suitable for a woman. During their college years, Ron and Louise might develop self-images as “scientist“ and “teacher,“ respectively. On the other hand, Louise might get to college, switch her major, and become an astronomer despite everyone s opp6sition. Neither of these
22、 young people is a passive actor who will inevitably follow the traditional gender roles of American society. Yet it can be extremely difficult to pursue a career, or any other type of life choice if ones parents, teachers, and the society as a whole seem to be telling you that you are unmasculine o
23、r feminine for doing so. Without question, differential socialization has a powerful impact on the development of American females and males. Like other elements of culture, socialization patterns are not fixed. There has, for example, been a sustained challenge to traditional American gender-role s
24、ocialization in the last 15 years, owing in good part to the efforts of the feminist movement. Nevertheless, despite such changes, children growing up in the 1980s are hardly free of. traditional gender roles. 18 According to the passage, socialization can be best described as_. （ A） a process in wh
25、ich one learns how to behave in a society （ B） a process in which one learns how to make friends （ C） a process in which one learns how to be a male or female （ D） a process in which one learns how to treat people differentially 19 The hypothetical example of Ron and Louise is to illustrate _. （ A）
26、the parents role in socialization （ B） how gender roles take shape （ C） the point that men are more likely to succeed than women （ D） the womens inborn preference for beautiful dresses and dancing lessons 20 As Can be inferred from the passage, gender-role socialization patterns _in the United State
27、s. （ A） have changed dramatically （ B） have remained unchanged （ C） have been altered by the feminist movement （ D） have received attention from the feminist movement 一、 PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to
28、 each question. 21 Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? （ A） Religion and immortality. （ B） Life and death. （ C） Love and marriage. （ D） War and peace. 22 The Great Salt Lake has water_ times saltie
29、r than ocean water and it is a great place for floating. （ A） thirteen （ B） fifteen （ C） fourteen （ D） twelve 23 _is called the “backbone of England“. （ A） The Rockies （ B） The Pennines （ C） The Appalachians （ D） The Grand Canyon 24 Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?
30、 （ A） It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth. （ B） It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. （ C） It determines the speakers use of language and also the hearers interpretation of what is said to him. （ D） It is essential to the s
31、yntactic study of language. 25 _is a situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. （ A） Bilingualism （ B） Diglossia （ C） Bilaterality （ D） Diglot 26 is the central concern to Blakes concern in the Song of Innocence
32、and Song of Experience. （ A） childhood （ B） woman （ C） poetry （ D） happiness 27 Murder in the Cathedral is a verse drama by_that portrays the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. （ A） T. S. Eliot （ B） Christopher Fry （ C） W.B.Yeats （ D） G.B.Shaw 28 _draws on the
33、 Jewish experience and tradition and examines subtly the dismantling of the self by an intolerable modern history. （ A） Allen Ginsberg （ B） John Updike （ C） Saul Bellow （ D） J.D.Salinger 29 The United Kingdom is also known by its official name _. （ A） the United Kingdom of Great Britain and England
34、（ B） the United Kingdom of Great Britain （ C） the United Kingdom of British Isles （ D） the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 30 Harriet Beccher Stowe, the author of _, had become the most famous literary woman in the world. （ A） The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （ B） The Sea Wolf （ C）
35、Uncle Toms Cabin （ D） Song of Myself 二、 PART IV PROOFREADING an image reinforced by the insatiable American appetite for consumer goods. Keep in mind, however, that Americans are firm believers that they must work to earn money so they may buy consumer goods that will pump money into the economy and
36、 create jobs. The result will be that Americans will keep working and earning money, and will maintain the cycle that has allowed the American standard of living to be the envy of most of the world. Most Americans see little wrong with their priorities. To sum up,Ive given you some guidelines, which
37、 point to characteristics that are considered prevalent among most Americans and traits that are often misunderstood or overlooked by the typical short-term visitor. I hope these guidelines will be of great help to you when you make a journey to the United States. Thank you. 1 【正确答案】 in their seats/
38、seated 【试题解析】 讲座开头提到美国人的第一个特征：守时。并以剧场为例来说明，大多数美国人都 “are expected to be in their seats twenty minutes prior”，由此可知此处答案为血 their seats或 seated。 2 【正确答案】 30 minutes 【试题解析】 录音提到在餐馆定位的相关情况 “A mere thirty-minute delay will push you to the end”，结合题目可知，答案应为 30 minutes。 3 【正确答案】 first served 【试题解析】 此题说的是美国文化的第
39、二个特征，即追求平等，提到 service时，录音中提到 “on a first-come， first-served basis”，因此答案为 first served。 4 【正确答案】 special treatment 【试题解析】 此题中的例子讲的是 bribe不会得到 any special treatment，由此可知答案应为 special treatmerit。 5 【正确答案】 negative comments 【试题解析】 该题涉及美国人的第三个特点，即不在意穿着。但是对于别人的穿着 “negative comments will never be appreciate
40、d”，结合题目，可知此处答案应为negative comments。 6 【正确答案】 T-shirts 【试题解析】 此题涉及到美国人穿着的特点，要求随意，喜欢 jeans and T-shirts，结合题目可知此处答案应为 T-shirts。 7 【正确答案】 Sensitivity 【试题解析】 本题涉及到美国的女性对于女性主义词语的态度问题，录音中没有出现跟题目一样的词句，但是从 “visitors should tread carefully if discussing feminism in any form”这句话可以看出，美国女性对于这类词语的态度是非常敏感的，否则访客也不需要
41、小心谨慎了，因此答案为 Sensitivity。 8 【正确答案】 racial issues 【试题解析】 此题涉及到与美国人谈话需要顾及的点，从录音 可知，美国人不喜欢敏感话题，例如 “gun control， abortion rights， and racial issues“，考题已给出前两项，因此答案为 racial issues。 9 【正确答案】 cost-efficient 【试题解析】 此题涉及到美国人的另一特点，祟尚效率第一，对待任何事情都是“in the most time and cost-efficient manner“，由此可得出答案为 cost-efficie
42、nt。 10 【正确答案】 most Americans 【试题解析】 最后总结美国人的特点，其中提到讲座中所讲内容为大多数美国人所信奉并遵守，录音中提到 “prevalent among most Americans”，因此答案应为 most Americans。 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are b
43、ased on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 【听力原文】 Jane (W) Professor Green (M) W: Good morning, Professor Green. M: Good morning. W: What are we going to talk about today? M: Today we
44、will be going over the ten-week long course syllabus and setting up some general guidelines for this quarter, as well as answering any questions you may have about the reading and writing assignments. OK, now, (5 - 1) in week one, we will cover chapters one to ten in the textbook and relate them to
45、(1) the novel by Julia Stephen Walking the Dragons. The primary focus will be on the living conditions of peasants during the 1930s. W: Does that mean we have to read all ten chapters and the novel by Monday? M: Good question, Jane. Im glad you asked. The reading that you should have completed by Mo
46、nday is chapters one to six and the first half of Stephens novel. By Wednesday you should read through to chapter ten and finish the novel , and on Friday we will have our first writing assignment due. It is a brief response to Stephens novel. W: How about the length requirement? M: Seeing that this
47、 is a rather informal response paper, the length requirement is only one to two pages. W: Would you like us to use quotes from the novel? M: For this paper, since it is so short I would prefer if you only used your own words. Now, if there are no further questions I will continue. (5 - 2) In week tw
48、o we will cover chapters eleven to twenty as well as The Blind Calligrapher by Jonathan Wu. (5 - 3) In week three we will cover chapters twenty-one to thirty and your second writing assignment will be due. This paper should be five to seven pages in length, and (2) it should focus on the change in t
49、he lifestyle of peasants as compared to the change in lifestyle of the urban city-dwellers from 1930 to 1940. You should use quotations from at least two authors who give contrasting opinions about this time period. Are there any questions? W: Shall we need a bibliography for this paper? M: (3) Absolutely. If you quote an author, there must be a bibliography to make clear exactly where y
