1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 803及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Some Premises under Which Linguists Operate When we do linguistic research, we need to know some of the p
3、remises under which linguists operate first. Premise I: a descriptive rather than a prescriptive discipline to describe【 B1】 _of language【 B1】 _ not to pass prescriptive judgments Premise II: systematicness of language variety 【 B2】 _grounds:【 B2】 _ dialects always having regular rules Theoretical g
4、rounds: impossible to acquire the language if its not systematic and 【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ Premise III: more【 B4】 _to speech rather than writing【 B4】 _ Written language: lack of information about the pronunciation Literacy: a【 B5】 _skill than speech【 B5】 _ Premise IV:【 B6】 _to have variation in languages【
5、B6】 _ A. Differences in vocabulary Example: a carbonated soft drink B. Differences in【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ Example: greasy C. Differences in【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ Morphology: the structure or forms of words Example: “un“ and “happy“ in “unhappy“ 【 B9】 _: the structure of larger units【 B9】 _ Example: auxiliaries in
6、 English yes/no questions D. Variation in language use not having been【 B10】 _by dialect geographers【 B10】 _ coming from studies of different social groups 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear
7、everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 For a nuclear power reactor operator,
8、 which of the following statements is CORRECT? （ A） He can get the highest salary of $103,000 a year. （ B） He must have a high school diploma in that field. （ C） He needs work for three years at the power station. （ D） He can take an exam administered by the power plant. 12 According to the intervie
9、w, what is the personal trainers average pay? （ A） $51,000 （ B） $103,000 （ C） $141,000 （ D） $142,000 13 Which of the following statements about a pastry chef is INCORRECT? （ A） His salary is gradually raised every year. （ B） He had at least 150 hours of training. （ C） His median pay is the highest o
10、n the list. （ D） He must have employees working for him. 14 Which of the following topics is discussed during the interview? （ A） An electrician can earn $104,000 a year. （ B） An electrician neednt get a license. （ C） Handyman must have a high school diploma. （ D） Handyman needs rich experience. 15
11、Which of the following requirements about massage therapist is mentioned? （ A） About 500 hours of training. （ B） An actual associates degree. （ C） A professional qualification certificate. （ D） A set of perfect facilities. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything
12、 ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following will be most influenced by the rise in grain prices? （ A） Countries dependent on agricultural imports. （ B） Countries
13、dependent on agricultural exports. （ C） Countries that benefit from stronger dollars. （ D） Countries that benefit from weaker dollars. 17 The opposition National Transitional Council thought Colonel Gaddafi was most likely in_. （ A） the Tripoli area （ B） the border area of Algeria （ C） the capital o
14、f Algeria （ D） his hometown of Sirte 18 Which of the following is CORRECT about Colonel Gaddafis hometown? （ A） It is the last place that he can get some protection. （ B） His wife and daughter have fled to the place. （ C） His supporters have prepared armored vehicles for him. （ D） The opposition is
15、facing tough resistance there. 19 Greeces three-party coalition has agreed to_. （ A） negotiate with EU and International Monetary Fund lenders （ B） spend 11.5bn less in the next two years （ C） drop its objections to reductions in pensions （ D） accept the former finance ministers demand 20 Mr. Venize
16、los believed that Greece should . （ A） slow down the spending cut （ B） carry out its bailout package faster （ C） bring down the new government （ D） set a more realistic target 20 Judging by the wildly cheering audience at the orgy of consumerism that was Oprah Winfreys “Ultimate Favourite Things“ sh
17、ow, American women have lost none of their enthusiasm for the finest stuff money can buy.(The handful of men in the audience seemed to share the feeling.)The show, screened in two parts just before Thanksgiving, the traditional start of the holiday shopping season, ended with each audience member go
18、ing home with products ranging from a set of Oprah branded Le Creuset pots to an iPad, Some Sparkling Ugg boots and a new car. Retailers must hope that the public will be as enthusiastic about such products when they have to pay for them as the audience was when getting them free. They are certainly
19、 competing harder than ever to lure shoppers into their stores. Many are opening before sunrise on Black Friday, as the day after Thanksgiving is known(supposedly because it is the point in the financial year when retailers edge into the black). Wal-Mart was due to open most of its stores at the str
20、oke of midnight. Sears decided to open on Thanksgiving Day itself for the first time, though still holding back its best bargains for Black Friday. In the hope that this will be a merrier festive season than last year, retailers have been hiring lots of temporary staff: in October those in areas oth
21、er than the car trade added around 20,000 posts. David Resler of Nomura, a stockbroker, says Octobers hiring figures are usually a good predictor of how sales in the holiday season will turn out. In recent months sales have been picking up. Consumer spending rose in each of the five months to Octobe
22、r, with even discretionary items like sports goods showing improved sales. However, sales of durable goods(washing machines and so forth)were unexpectedly weak in October, a sign of residual caution among households. Retailers are making more use of social-networking sites such as Facebook to promot
23、e deals and build communities of like-minded shoppers. Sears, for example, has been getting customers to share their shopping tales through a “Be the Santa you want to be“ competition. This has been the breakthrough year for Groupon, which uses social networking to let consumers earn discounts by re
24、cruiting their friends(the more people who sign up for an offer, the bigger the discount). But the internet is not always a retailers best friend. A plethora of new shopping-information websites, such as leakedblackfridaydeals. com, is forcing prices down and making it harder for store chains to dif
25、ferentiate their offerings. Wal-Mart, the biggest retailer, is adding to the pressures on its rivals by offering to match any Black Friday deal they offer. Shares in Sears are still trading well below where they were last November. Overall, retailers shares have been unusually volatile in the past y
26、ear or so as consumer confidence has fluctuated, refusing to form any sort of trend. How this holiday season turns out will certainly move the market as well as determine whether shareholders approve the $3 billion sale announced on November 23rd of J. Crew, a clothing chain, to a group of private-e
27、quity firms. The vote will take place on January 15th: until then, J. Crew will continue to seek other buyers. Private-equity firms have become keen on retailers with strong brands because the recession has forced weaker ones out of business, leaving more space for the survivors. Productivity in ret
28、ailing has also improved, in part through the better use of technology. So there is the prospect of strong profit growth as and when the recovery gets into full swing. Stores that cater to well-off women have perhaps the best prospects this season. Such shoppers are “ready to declare the recession o
29、ver“, says Michael Silverstein, the author of “Women Want More“, a book charting their growing spending-power. “They have worn through their unused inventory of apparel, fashion accessories and jewellery and are actively expanding their purchases,“ he says, predicting that retailers who serve them c
30、ould enjoy a sales boost of as much as 10% compared with last years holiday season. Things may be very different for the bottom 40% of households, still committed to recession inspired prudence. Mr. Silverstein says that in many such families the woman has hung on to her job but is now the sole brea
31、dwinner. Such households “are going to hunt for bargains, recognise the holiday, but continue their frugal ways,“ he predicts. Retailers will be hoping that Oprah and all her glitzy goodies will tempt them to change their minds. But for a large proportion of Americans, window-shopping may be the nea
32、rest they get to such desirable items. 21 According to the passage, “Ultimate Favourite Things“ show （ A） is a program for women. （ B） reflects economical crisis. （ C） sends out gifts to audience. （ D） is to celebrate Thanksgiving. 22 What do we learn from the second and the third paragraphs? （ A） R
33、etailers are hiring about 20,000 staff in all this October. （ B） Sears offers the greatest deals on Thanksgiving only. （ C） Thanksgiving is a crucial chance to make money. （ D） Retailers open longer to meet customers needs. 23 Internet isnt always a retailers best friend mainly because （ A） stores h
34、ave to match online shops low prices. （ B） Internets better bargains lead stores to harder time. （ C） Wal-Mart offers the same deal with online shops. （ D） Internet helps attract customers in various ways. 24 Michael Silverstein implies the following facts EXCEPT that （ A） rich women will buy more d
35、espite of economic recession. （ B） retailers will suffer from the same poor sales as last year. （ C） a woman in difficulty will still celebrate holidays by buying. （ D） most Americans prefer to look rather than actually buy. 25 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） Economic recession and Ameri
36、can economy. （ B） Retailers tricks to encourage purchasing. （ C） Luxurious products favored by rich women. （ D） Holiday: retailors busy, not all shoppers happy. 25 Bianca Sforza attracted few stares when introduced to the art world on January 30, 1998. She was just a pretty face in a frame to the cr
37、owd at a Christies auction in New York City. Nobody knew her name at the time, or the name of the artist who had made the portrait. The catalog listed the work a colored chalk-and-ink drawing on vellum as early 19th century and German, with borrowed Renaissance styling. A New York dealer, Kate Ganz,
38、 purchased the picture for $21,850. The price hadnt budged almost ten years later when a Canadian collector, Peter Silverman, saw Biancas profile in Ganzs gallery and promptly bought it. The drawing might actually date from the Renaissance, he thought. Ganz herself had mentioned Leonardo da Vinci, t
39、hat magical name, as an influence on the artist. Silverman came to wonder, What if this is the work of the great Leonardo himself? That someone could walk into a gallery and buy a drawing that turns out to be a previously unknown Leonardo masterpiece, worth perhaps $100 million, seems pure urban myt
40、h. Discovery of a Leonardo is truly rare. At the time of Silvermans purchase, it had been more than 75 years since the last authentication of one of the masters paintings. There was no record that the creator of the “Mona Lisa“ ever made a major work on vellum, no known copies, no preparatory drawin
41、gs. If this image was an authentic Leonardo, where had it been hiding for 500 years? Silverman emailed a digital image of Bianca to Martin Kemp. Emeritus professor of art history at Oxford University and a renowned Leonardo scholar, Kemp regularly receives images, sometimes two a week, from people h
42、e calls “Leonardo loonies,“ convinced they have discovered a New York. “My reflex is to say, No!“ Kemp told me. But the “uncanny vitality“ in the young womans face made him want a closer look. He flew to Zurich, where Silverman kept the drawing in a vault. “When I saw it,“ Kemp said, “I experienced
43、a kind of frisson, a feeling that this is not normal.“ That initial shiver of excitement compelled Kemp to embark on his own investigation. He was aided by high-resolution multispectral scans by Pascal Cotte of Lumiere Technology in Paris, allowing Kemp to study the drawings layers, from first strok
44、es to later restorations. The more Kemp looked with his connoisseurs eye, the more he saw what he considered evidence of Leonardos hand how the hair bunched beneath the strings holding it in place, the beautiful modulation of colors, the precise lines. The expression conveyed Leonardos maxim that a
45、portrait should reveal “motion of the mind.“ Kemp also needed proof that the portrait had been made during Leonardos lifetime(1452 - 1519)and that its historical particulars fit the artists biography. The vellum, probably calfskin, had been carbon-dated, its origin placed somewhere between 1440 and
46、1650. Costume research revealed that the sitter belonged specifically to the Milanese court of the 1490s, with its fashion for elaborately bound hair. Leonardo lived in Milan during this time, accepting commissions for court portraits. Kemps detective work led him to a name, Bianca Sforza. An illegi
47、timate daughter of the Duke of Milan, she was married in 1496 to Galeazzo Sanseverino, commander of the Milanese troops and a patron of Leonardos. Bianca was 13 or 14 at the time of the portrait. Tragically, she died a few months later, likely from an ectopic pregnancy. Kemp named the drawing “La Be
48、lla Principessa,“ the beautiful princess. In 2010 Kemp and Cotte published their findings in a book. Several prominent Leonardo scholars agreed, others were skeptical. Carmen Bambach was quoted as saying that the portrait simply “does not look like a Leonardo.“ Doubt seemed to collect around the por
49、traits sudden, almost miraculous appearance. Where had it come from? Kemp didnt know. Then, almost like divine intervention, a message came from D. R. Edward Wright, e-meritus professor of art history at the University of South Florida. Having followed the very public dispute, Wright suggested to Kemp, whom he had never met, that his answer might lie in the National Library of Poland in Warsaw, inside a book call
