1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 805及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Strategies for Public Speaking Whats great about public speaking is that its a learnable skill. As such,
3、we can use the following strategies to become a better speaker and presenter. I. Plan appropriately -tools: the Rhetorical Triangle etc. -principle:【 B1】 _the audience【 B1】 _ -examples: an interesting statistic, headline, or fact storytelling II.【 B2】 _【 B2】 _ seek opportunities examples: cross-trai
4、ning volunteering at team meetings use relevant【 B3】 _【 B3】 _ adjust words to express smoothly do a trial run in front of a small audience III. Engage with your audience present【 B4】 _questions【 B4】 _ remember to use some words less: e.g. “just“, “I think“ pay attention to the way of speech avoid re
5、ading【 B5】 _from your notes【 B5】 _ IV. Pay attention to your【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ conveying inner emotion to the audience making your voice more active and【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ V. Think positively advantage: strengthen your【 B8】 _【 B8】 _ ways:【 B9】 _and visualization【 B9】 _ VI. Cope with nerves focus on your audi
6、ence instead of your own use deep【 B10】 _exercises【 B10】 _ image making a speech to one individual not to crowds 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
7、then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why do gas prices not go down as economists predicted? （ A） Because of natural d
8、isasters. （ B） Because of a series of emergencies. （ C） Because of financial crisis. （ D） Because of import shortage. 12 According to the interview, in which place are gas prices above the national average? （ A） Arizona. （ B） Colorado. （ C） New York. （ D） Louisiana. 13 According to the interview, ho
9、w much did service fees rise to last year? （ A） $20. （ B） $12.08. （ C） $11.18. （ D） $0.9. 14 Which of the following suggestions of avoiding minimum requirements is NOT mentioned? （ A） Choosing big corporations and entities. （ B） Signing up for direct deposit on time. （ C） Choosing some local credit
10、unions. （ D） Choosing smaller, independent banks. 15 Which of the following statements about food prices is CORRECT? （ A） The price of vegetable is going down in summer. （ B） All food prices are listed on the USDA website. （ C） Bread prices are marked down every day. （ D） Grains prices are going up
11、because of the drought. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The battle for Tripoli_. （ A） was primar
12、ily in and around the international airport （ B） injured and killed many medical workers （ C） destroyed a hospital in the Abu Salim area （ D） resulted in the rebels complete control of the city 17 How many miles did the police go before catching the girls? （ A） 14. （ B） 26. （ C） 46. （ D） 100. 18 Wha
13、t kind of charges will the police put against Potters daughter? （ A） Damaging public property. （ B） Running away to avoid arrest. （ C） Reckless driving without a license. （ D） Endangering passengers life. 19 What caused the tension between Egypt and Israel? （ A） The death of Egyptians in an Israeli
14、military action. （ B） The unnoticed Israeli military action along Egypts border. （ C） The attacks Gaza militants made inside Israel. （ D） The public statements Israeli Defense Minister made. 20 What did the Egyptian protestors call for? （ A） Withdrawing Egypt ambassador from Israel. （ B） Closing Isr
15、ael embassy down permanently. （ C） Breaking a previous agreement with Israel. （ D） Stopping buying natural gas from Israel. 20 Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japans population of 127m is predicted to fall to 90m by 2050. As recently as 1990, working-age
16、 Japanese outnumbered children and the elderly by seven to three. By 2050 the ratio will be one to one. As Japan grows old and feeble, where will its companies find dynamic, energetic workers? For a company president pondering this question over a laboriously prepared breakfast of steamed rice, broi
17、led salmon, miso soup and artistically presented pickles, the answer is literally staring him in the face. Half the talent in Japan is female. Outside the kitchen, those talents are woefully underemployed, as Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Laura Sherbin of the Centre for Work-Life Policy, an American think-
18、tank, show in a new study called “Off-Ramps and On-Ramps: Japan“. Nearly half of Japanese university graduates are female but only 67% of these women have jobs, many of which are part-time or involve serving tea. Japanese women with degrees are much more likely than Americans(74% to 31%)to quit thei
19、r jobs voluntarily. Whereas most Western women who take time off do so to look after children, Japanese women are more likely to say that the strongest push came from employers who do not value them. A startling 49% of highly educated Japanese women who quit do so because they feel their careers hav
20、e stalled. The Japanese workplace is not quite as sexist as it used to be. Pictures of naked women, ubiquitous on salarymens desks in the 1990s, have been removed. Most companies have rules against sexual discrimination. But educated women are often shunted into dead-end jobs. Old-fashioned bosses s
21、ee their role as prettifying the office and forming a pool of potential marriage partners for male employees. And a traditional white-collar working day makes it hard to pick up the kids from school. Even if the company rule book says that flexitime is allowed, those who work from home are seen as u
22、ncommitted to the team. Employees are expected to show their faces before 9 am, typically after a long commute on a train so packed that the gropers cannot tell whom they are groping. Staff are also under pressure to stay late, regardless of whether they have work to do: nearly 80% of Japanese men g
23、et home after 7 pm, and many attend semi-compulsory drinking binges in hostess bars until the small hours. Base salaries are low: salary-men are expected to fill their pay packets by putting in heroic amounts of overtime. Besides finding these hours just a bit inconvenient, working mothers are unlik
24、ely to get much help at home from their husbands. Japanese working mums do four hours of child care and housework each dayeight times as much as their spouses. Thanks to restrictive immigration laws, they cannot hire cheap help. A Japanese working mother cannot sponsor a foreign nanny for a visa, th
25、ough it is not hard for a nightclub owner to get “entertainer“ visas for young Filipinas in short skirts. That says something about Japanese lawmakers priorities. And it helps explain why Japanese women struggle to climb the career ladder : only 10% of Japanese managers are female, compared with 46%
26、 in America. Japanese firms are careful to recycle paper but careless about wasting female talent. Some 66% of highly educated Japanese women who quit their jobs say they would not have done so if their employers had allowed flexible working arrangements. The vast majority(77%)of women who take time
27、 off work want to return. But only 43% find a job, compared with 73% in America. Of those who do go back to work, 44% are paid less than they were before they took time off, and 40% have to accept less responsibility or a less prestigious title. Goldman Sachs estimates that if Japan made better use
28、of its educated women, it would add 8.2m brains to the workforce and expand the economy by 15%equivalent to about twice the size of the countrys motor industry. 21 Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Laura Sherbin consider the work status of Japanese women （ A） sinister. （ B） stressful. （ C） deplorable. （ D） dis
29、orderly. 22 Which of the following statements is probably TRUE of Japanese educated women? （ A） They are more family centered than American women. （ B） They may feel frustrated due to the existing barriers. （ C） More than half of them have jobs that are insignificant. （ D） Most of them cant bear sex
30、ism in the Japanese workplace. 23 We can infer that all the following hinder Japanese educated women from moving forward EXCEPT （ A） corporate culture. （ B） political system. （ C） male chauvinism. （ D） legal policies. 24 The author gives the example of “entertainer“ visas to show that （ A） how impor
31、tant entertainment is to Japanese. （ B） how impractical the Japanese lawmakers are. （ C） how undesirable the living conditions are. （ D） how difficult the Japanese working mothers are. 25 What will the author probably discuss in the paragraphs following the passage? （ A） The ways of treating Japanes
32、e working women better. （ B） The reasons why Japan is a land of the wasted talent. （ C） The demographic catastrophe Japanese firms face. （ D） The solution to Japanese social problems. 25 In the grand scheme of things Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are normally thought of as good guys. Between t
33、hem, they came up with the ethical theory known as utilitarianism. The goal of this theory is encapsulated in Benthams aphorism that “the greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of morals and legislation.“ It all sounds fine and dandy until you start applying it to particular cas
34、es. A utilitarian, for example, might approve of the occasional torture of suspected terroristsfor the greater happiness of everyone else, you understand. That type of observation has led Daniel Bartels at Columbia University and David Pizarro at Cornell to ask what sort of people actually do have a
35、 utilitarian outlook on life. Their answers, just published in Cognition, are not comfortable. One of the classic techniques used to measure a persons willingness to behave in a utilitarian way is known as trolleyology. The subject of the study is challenged with thought experiments involving a runa
36、way railway trolley or train carriage. All involve choices, each of which leads to peoples deaths. For example: there are five railway workmen in the path of a runaway carriage. The men will surely be killed unless the subject of the experiment, a bystander in the story, does something. The subject
37、is told he is on a bridge over the tracks. Next to him is a big, heavy stranger. The subject is informed that his own body would be too light to stop the train, but that if he pushes the stranger onto the tracks, the strangers large body will stop the train and save the five lives. That, unfortunate
38、ly, would kill the stranger. Dr. Bartels and Dr. Pizarro knew from previous research that around 90% of people refuse the utilitarian act of killing one individual to save five. What no one had previously inquired about, though, was the nature of the remaining 10%. To find out, the two researchers g
39、ave 208 undergraduates a battery of trolleyological tests and measured, on a four-point scale, how utilitarian their responses were. Participants were also asked to respond to a series of statements intended to get a sense of their individual psychologies. These statements included, “I like to see f
40、ist fights“, “The best way to handle people is to tell them what they want to hear“, and “When you really think about it, life is not worth the effort of getting up in the morning“. Each was asked to indicate, for each statement, where his views lay on a continuum that had “strongly agree“ at one en
41、d and “strongly disagree“ at the other. These statements, and others like them, were designed to measure, respectively, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and a persons sense of how meaningful life is. Dr. Bartels and Dr. Pizarro then correlated the results from the trolleyology with those from the perso
42、nality tests. They found a strong link between utilitarian answers to moral dilemmas(push the fat guy off the bridge)and personalities that were psychopathic, Machiavellian or tended to view life as meaningless. Utilitarians, this suggests, may add to the sum of human happiness, but they are not ver
43、y happy people themselves. That does not make utilitarianism wrong. Crafting legislationone of the main things that Bentham and Mill wanted to improveinevitably involves riding roughshod over someones interests. Utilitarianism provides a plausible framework for deciding who should get trampled. The
44、results obtained by Dr. Bartels and Dr. Pizarro do, though, raise questions about the type of people who you want making the laws. Psychopathic, Machiavellian misanthropes? Apparently, yes. 26 What function does the first sentence in the second paragraph serve? （ A） It further explains the theory of
45、 utilitarianism. （ B） It forms a contrast to general cases of utilitarianism. （ C） It acts as the connecting link to bring up the theme. （ D） It gives an example to explain utilitarianism in particular cases. 27 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT of the experiment? （ A） The subject enter
46、ed a hypnotic state. （ B） Similar experiments had been done before. （ C） It found out something that is unknown to all. （ D） Trolleyology is a technique to analyze utilitarianism. 28 The phrase “riding roughshod over“ in the last paragraph probably means （ A） reflecting upon. （ B） resting upon. （ C）
47、 trampling upon. （ D） looking upon. 29 Psychopathic or Machiavellian people are expected to make the laws probably because （ A） common people are tired of the current policy-makers. （ B） policy-making will be based on utilitarianism. （ C） they are good at making laws and policies. （ D） they are like
48、ly to bring up brand-new policies. 30 The best title for the passage is （ A） Utilitarianism as Moral Philosophy. （ B） Utilitarians Are Not Nice People. （ C） Utilitarian A Good Man? （ D） Utilitarianism and Morality. 30 There is an immediacy about Charles Dickenss life, just as there is about his nove
49、ls, a kind of bursting physicality. “If I couldnt walk fast and far,“ he once said, “I think I should explode and perish.“ He exhilarated and exhausted himself. Both these biographies, timed for the bicentenary of Dickenss birth, bring out the mad energy of the man. Robert Douglas-Fairhurst sets out to counter what he sees as the literary man-of-destiny version of Dickens, to recover the uncertainty, muddle and loose ends. He conc
