1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 818及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Write a Thesis I. Introduction part writing the 【 B1】 _ after finishing the rest 【 B1】 _ including
3、 a hook at the beginning quoting previous research in this field other points 1) an explanation of the 【 B2】 _ of the paper 【 B2】 _ 2) enough background knowledge 3) an appropriate recognition of the previous work 4) questions of the thesis 5) the 【 B3】 _ of your work 【 B3】 _ 6) guiding the reader v
4、erbally 7) making it clear where your 【 B4】 _ starts 【 B4】 _ II. Method part information of the 【 B5】 _ of your results 【 B5】 _ information to duplicate your experiment limitations, 【 B6】 _ , and range of validity, as well as 【 B6】 _ description of your methods III. Result part 【 B7】 _ of observatio
5、ns 【 B7】 _ IV. Discussion part starting with sentences that 【 B8】 _ the most important results 【 B8】 _ being a 【 B9】 _ in itself and answering necessary questions 【 B9】 _ rich references of 【 B10】 _ work and background 【 B10】 _ moving unnecessary material 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【
6、B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of
7、 the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why are there so many corporate abuses today? （ A） Because there always appears the bubble market. （ B） Because there is a healthy stock market. （ C） Because there is an emphasis on higher stock price and earnings. （ D） Because the econo
8、my is developping too fast. 12 How does the man feel about current business world? （ A） It is a total mass. （ B） There are really just a few bad apples in the cart. （ C） Outright fraud and crime represent the entire business world. （ D） Most business people are dishonest and indecent. 13 Whats the w
9、ide-spread problem of this short-term profit push? （ A） It is about crime and fraud. （ B） It is about distorting the accounting rules within legal limits. （ C） It is about managing earnings. （ D） Its about the new legislation. 14 In the mans opinion, Jack Welch of GE partly made his name by （ A） cre
10、ating the new concept of managed earning. （ B） committing fraud. （ C） managing large body of staff. （ D） firing 125,000 workers. 15 What does the man imply about the new legislation? （ A） It would cause the stock price down. （ B） The conference committee on Capitol Hill will not make such a rule. （
11、C） The president would not agree with it, at least recently. （ D） That is the reason why the stock market is surging. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you
12、 will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the rocket? （ A） It crashed into the Pacific Ocean. （ B） It carried three Russian satellites, weighing 4.2 tons. （ C） Its task was to supplement the Glonass global positioning system. （ D） The G
13、lonass global positioning system is similar to the US-run GPS network. 17 Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the secret tape recordings? （ A） Personal scandal. （ B） Donation. （ C） Politics. （ D） Business operation. 18 Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? （ A） Liliane Betten
14、court is the focus of the scandal. （ B） There was once friction between the mother and the daughter. （ C） The photographer took advantage of Liliane Bettencourts mental fragility to get benefit. （ D） The scandal dominated the front pages in France for weeks. 19 The Russian airliner （ A） suffered a s
15、evere system failure at 13,000 feet. （ B） was for the Russian Republic of Dagestan. （ C） carried 150 people. （ D） managed to land down safely. 20 The airliner took off from_airport and made an emergency landing in_airport. （ A） Vnukovo, Domodedovo （ B） Vnukovo, Dagestan （ C） Domodedovo, Vnukovo （ D）
16、 Domodedovo, Dagestan 20 Its disturbing to picture your kindergartner in a casino, but maybe you ought to try. American kids are born into a culture that loves its gambling, and the passion is only growing, as financial hardships sweeten the ever alluring prospect of a lucky break. The danger, of co
17、urse, is that gambling can lead to compulsive gambling and compulsive gambling can be a life wrecker. Now, a new study in the Archives of Pediatrics buying lottery tickets; or placing bets on professional sports. “The majority of kids were not engaging in any of these activities,“ says Pagani, “but
18、the fact that any of them were was unexpected.“ What struck Pagani most was how predictable the identities of the gamblers were. When she referred back to the ratings from kindergarten, she found that every one-unit increase on the impulsivity scale correlated with a 25% jump in the likelihood a chi
19、ld would be gambling by sixth grade. “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual already refers to gambling specifically as an impulse-control disorder,“ she says, citing the official text that outlines diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. “And then there were our findings showing that.“ Knowing ear
20、ly on which children are headed for trouble can pay off in a number of ways. For one thing, it can help families wise up. Some of the parents of the kids in the study saw a little gambling as a minor thing, and a number of them even bought lottery tickets for their kids as a reward for good behavior
21、. That, clearly, sends the wrong message. “Scratch-and-win games are for adults,“ Pagani says flatly. Whats more, not only can kids behavior benefit when impulse issues are spotted early on, so can their brains. Preschool is a time when the prefrontal lobes, which are the center of executive functio
22、ns and what Pagani and others call “effort control“ are just developing. The better the brain can be trained at this stage, the better it performs later in life. Pagan cites a 2007 study journal Science that showed that simple attention training taught in kindergarten improved focus and concentratio
23、n in later years. “You can introduce a cost-effect program and reap enormous benefits,“ she says. Pagani plans to check in with the kids in her survey again in another six years when theyre finishing high school and preparing to enter the larger world with its larger temptations. Even if they were b
24、orn too late to benefit from her findings, she thinks other kids can. “We need to think of impulse-control training as a long-term investment plan,“ she says, “one that can lead to less addiction, less gambling, a lower dropout rate and lower unemployment.“ Thats a far bigger payoff than youll ever
25、get playing blackjack or craps. 21 The phrase “tucked. away“ in the second paragraph means （ A） gave. away. （ B） cleared. away. （ C） worked. away. （ D） put. away. 22 As to Paganis study, it can be inferred that （ A） Paganis 12-year longitudinal study on 163 kindergartners has ended. （ B） the questio
26、nnaire is about students inattentiveness, scores, distractibility and hyperactivity. （ C） the impulsivity scale has positive correlation with the likelihood of childrens gambling. （ D） it is expected in the study that some kids were involved in gambling. 23 Which may NOT be one of the benefits of im
27、pulse-control training? （ A） Encouraging more children to stay away from drugs and gambling. （ B） Improving kids performance in tests. （ C） Facilitating the development of prefrontal lobes. （ D） Reducing the number of dropout students. 24 All of the following are true EXCEPT that （ A） attention-boos
28、ting training can improve focus and concentration at once. （ B） financial pressure attracts more Americans to try their luck in gambling. （ C） kindergarten is the best place to know about peoples impulsivity. （ D） parents often unconsciously encourage kids to gamble. 25 A suitable title for the pass
29、age would be （ A） Paganis Study on Children Gambling. （ B） The Need of Impulse-Control Training. （ C） Saving Our Children from Gambling. （ D） Spotting Future Gamblers in Kindergarten. 25 It used to be said that English people take their pleasure sadly. No doubt this would still be true if they had a
30、ny pleasure to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in my country has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasure sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber
31、in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income. In the course of my travels in America I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, i
32、f poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the face of people in opulent cars, whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led me to expect. In
33、 nine cases out of ten, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate. It is not only the very rich who suffer in this way. Professional men very frequently feel hopelessly thwarted. There is something that they long to
34、do or some public object that they long to work for. But if they were to indulge their wishes in these respects, they fear that they would lose their livelihood. Their wives are equally unsatisfied, for their neighbor, Mrs. So-and-So, has gone ahead more quickly, has a better car, a larger apartment
35、 and grander friends. When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many American from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience in some large organ
36、ization. If you are an energetic man with strong views as to the right way of doing the job with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariable under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have a bright idea, the boss puts a stopper on it. The mo
37、re energetic you are and the more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing any of the things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you became the proper sort of yes-man, your inco
38、me would soon be doubled. If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned to gastric ulcers and premature old age. It was not always so. When Dr. Johnson compiled his dictionary, he compiled it as he thought fit. When he f
39、elt like saying that oats is food for men in Scotland and horses in England, he said so. When he defined a fishing-rod as a stick with a fish at one end and a fool at the other, there was nobody to point out to him that a remark of this sort would damage the sale of his great work among fishermen. B
40、ut if, in the present day, you are (let us say) a contributor to an encyclopedia, there is an editorial policy which is solemn, wise, and prudent, which allows no room for jokes, no place for personal preferences and no tolerance for idiosyncrasies. Everything has to be flattened out except where th
41、e prejudices of the editor are concerned. To these you must conform, however, little you may share them. And so you have to be content with dollars instead of creative satisfaction. And the dollars, alas, leave you sad. This brings me to major cause of unhappiness, which is that most people in Ameri
42、ca act not on impulse but on some principle, and that principles upon which people act are usually based upon a false psychology and a false ethic. There is a general theory as to what makes for happiness and this theory is false. Life is concerned as a competitive struggle in which felicity consist
43、s in getting ahead of your neighbor. The joys which are not competitive are forgotten. 26 In the authors opinion, in England alcohol and tobacco may （ A） throw a heavy burden on the countrys welfare program. （ B） make people indulge in pleasures. （ C） pose touchy problems for social reformers. （ D）
44、lead to despondency. 27 What opinions do most social reformers hold? （ A） If economic security were obtained, one would grow fidgety and berserk. （ B） An ideal society is the one in which all the people were no longer afraid of poverty. （ C） Poverty was the root of the peoples melancholy. （ D） Great
45、 happiness and human perfection could be arrived at if and only if people learned to be content. 28 What reason is implied by the author for the hopelessness of professional men? （ A） They actually care more about their own life. （ B） Their wives are not satisfied with them. （ C） Their neighbors hav
46、e better life. （ D） They want to serve the public, but they are not able to. 29 What is the main cause of unhappiness for many Americans in the authors view? （ A） The energy and the genius are always confined by someone. （ B） Lack of freedom and stimuli makes people unsatisfied with life. （ C） Peopl
47、e are obsessed by the thought of getting ahead of their neighbors. （ D） People tend to act on dubious principles. 30 What is the authors tone in this article? （ A） Stony. （ B） Sarcastic. （ C） Cheerful. （ D） Prudent. 30 The advantage of associating the birth of democracy with the Mayflower Compact is
48、 that it is easy to do so. The public believes a simple explanation that on November 11, 1620, when the compact was approved, a cornerstone of American democracy was laid. Certainly it makes it easier on schoolchildren. Making the start of democracy in 1620 relieves students of the responsibility of
49、 knowing what happened in the hundred some years before, from the arrival of the Santa Maria to the landing of the Mayflower. Surely, the compact demonstrated the Englishmans striking capacity for self-government. And in affirming the principle of majority rule, the Pilgrims showed how far they had come from the days when the kings whim was law and nobody dared say otherwise. But the emphasis on the compact is misplaced.
