1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 837及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you
2、 fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Thinking in a Foreign Language If you want to think in a foreign language youre learning, you should try to get out of your comfor
3、t zone and make the foreign language a part of your life. I . The current situation A. learn in a【 T1】 _manner【 T1】 _ i. e. see language learning as something to be【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ B. do little【 T3】 _of class【 T3】 _ do nothing study a bit through【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ C. low effectiveness not【 T5】 _after stud
4、ying for years upon years【 T5】 _ II. People go abroad to learn a foreign language A. reason force oneself to step outside of【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ exceptions: many expats still stay【 T7】 _their native tongue bubble【 T7】_ B. example: go to Spain hear Spanish on the streets read【 T8】 _in Spanish【 T8】 _ listen
5、 to【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ meet Spanish people who speak Spanish III. Other ways to learn a foreign language A. read the news and/or【 T10】 _in your target language【 T10】 _ B. change the language of【 T11】 _to the language you are learning【 T11】_ C. watch【 T12】 _in the target language【 T12】 _ D.【 T13】 _the ver
6、sion of Windows in the target language【 T13】 _ E. watch YouTube【 T14】 _in your target language【 T14】 _ F. listen to【 T15】 _in a foreign language【 T15】 _ G. meet friends who speak your target language 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12
7、】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question
8、 there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） Stories from online daily news. （ B） Ways to treat a disease. （ C） Ways to
9、overcome bacterial resistance. （ D） The avoidance of taking two drugs simultaneously. （ A） Different drugs could attack different invaders. （ B） It might be worse for treating diseases. （ C） It requires to take two antibiotics at once. （ D） It was only used to treat HIV and MRS A. （ A） Drugs seem to
10、 be able to target bacteria accurately. （ B） Certain drug combinations work well against HIV. （ C） Taking two drugs at the same time shouldnt be encouraged. （ D） Some bacteria are more resistant to drugs than others. （ A） Lots of bacteria left are resistant. （ B） Drugs can kill all the bacteria off.
11、 （ C） Bacteria find a way to overcome drugs. （ D） Drugs always work against bacteria. （ A） The two antibiotics began to work against each other. （ B） Most of the E. coli were killed by the antibiotics. （ C） E. coli showed a kind of resistance towards the drugs. （ D） The population of E. coli began t
12、o grow dramatically. （ A） The researchers had made some mistakes. （ B） The researchers repeated the experiment many times. （ C） E. coli was almost completely wiped out. （ D） E. coli was out of control and rapidly multiplying. （ A） They are good at fighting antibiotics. （ B） They are resistant to any
13、 antibiotics. （ C） They cannot survive a couple drugs. （ D） They are pumped out by antibiotics. （ A） Some bacteria are so strong that drugs cant get into the cells. （ B） Some bacteria are able to drive the drugs out of their cells. （ C） Some bacteria are able to hide behind other ones. （ D） Some bac
14、teria can reproduce before they are killed by drugs. （ A） Develop new drugs to avoid resistance. （ B） Stop using drugs when the patients condition allows. （ C） Use different drugs in turn during the treatment. （ D） Change the combination of drugs from time to time. （ A） The researchers cant explain
15、what leads to the finding. （ B） Researchers only do the tests on one kind of bacteria. （ C） The research is still in the stage of controlled lab tests. （ D） There are still some flaws in the procedure of the research. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages fol
16、lowed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 25 Bullying can have harmful effects on childhood development, and the latest research reveals those detrimental i
17、nfluences may even stretch into adulthood, depending on how victims handle the trauma. Studies have documented higher rates of anxiety and panic attacks among victims of bullying, and such experiences are increasingly linked to mental health and behavior problems later in life. The latest look at th
18、e legacy of bullying reveals its more practical consequences on everything from employment to social relationships. In the new research published in the journal Psychological Science, a team of researchers from the University of Warwick and Duke University Medical Center studied 1,420 children betwe
19、en the ages nine to 16 who reported being victims of bullying, acting as bullies, or both(bully-victims). They also looked at a children not involved in bullying as a control group. The students were questioned four to six times during the study, and when they were between 24 to 26 years old, they w
20、ere evaluated on certain psychiatric measures, whether they engaged in risky or illegal behaviors, their wealth, and the status of their social relationships. The scientists found that people who were bullied were two times less likely to hold down a job and also had difficulty maintaining meaningfu
21、l social relationships compared to those who did not experience bullying. The bullied participants also reported having a hard time keeping long term friendships and staying in touch with their parents. Interestingly, the group that admitted to having the most problems with employment and relationsh
22、ips were the bully-victims. Previous work suggested that those who were bullied as children may become bullies themselves: part of the psychological legacy of bullying could include lack of emotional control or healthy coping mechanisms that may perpetuate the harmful behavior. The bully-victims had
23、 the highest rates of serious illness and unhealthy behaviors such as smoking. “ The intensity of the emotional pain bullying elicits, and the fact that other people underestimate how much hurt they feel makes being bullied an incredibly traumatic experience that can leave significant emotional scar
24、s,“ says psychologist Guy Winch, and author of “ Emotional First Aid: Practical Strategies for Treating Failure, Rejection, Guilt, and Other Everyday Psychological Injuries. “ And that emotional damage can have painful consequences: some brain imaging studies have shown that the sense of rejection c
25、aused by bullying activates the same pathways in the brain linked to physical pain. Such lasting effects of bullying highlight the importance of not only preventing it but helping victims to develop proper coping mechanisms, say experts. The relationships children have at home, for example, can be c
26、ritical for minimizing the lasting harm bullying can have, and addressing instances of bullying early can also limit profound psychological damage. According to Winch, addressing four potential harms of bullying can support victims in overcoming the experience and in holding back the negative effect
27、s: Find ways to revive their self-esteem and not descend into shame and self-hatred: Heal from the severe emotional pain: Manage the surges in anger and aggression they are likely to feel, which can directed not only to others but to themselves as well: Restore their sense of belonging to reinforce
28、feelings of being accepted, valued, and loved. “ Some people are more resilient and tend to do some of these healing and curative(治疗的 )things naturally. They might seek out their close friends and get emotional support from them, and by doing so remind themselves that theyre accepted and appreciated
29、,“ says Winch. For others, however, such strategies may be harder to adopt, and some children may instinctively withdraw and isolate themselves as a way to protect themselves from further rejection. “But by doing so, they leave their psychological wounds untreated and increase their feelings of isol
30、ation,“ explains Winch. “It is this latter group that is more likely to develop problems that are long lasting. “ When it comes to addressing the effects of bullying, timing is everything, says Winch. As with other psychological trauma, recovery is more effective if healing begins as soon after the
31、damaging experience as possible, before negative and harmful strategies can take hold. While victims of bullying can still heal from this trauma later in life, that path to recovery is far more difficult than finding healthy ways of coping soon after the bullying occurs. 26 Bullying could most proba
32、bly cause victims to_. （ A） handle the trauma （ B） stretch mentally （ C） behave with anxiety （ D） attack panic people 27 What can be inferred from the new research published in the journal Psychological Science? （ A） Bullied participants were good at doing jobs. （ B） Bullied participants had difficu
33、lty getting legacy from their parents. （ C） Bullied participants had healthier emotional coping mechanisms. （ D） People in control group could keep jobs more easily than other groups. 28 Some children find it harder to adopt Winchs healing strategies because_. （ A） they rely on their instinct to sol
34、ve problems （ B） they are socially separated from other people （ C） they are rejected by their friends and family （ D） they have untreated psychological problems 28 The latest hot topic among economic talking heads is the coming currency war. According to conventional wisdom, theres a risk that majo
35、r countries willsimultaneously try to revive their sluggish economies by pushing down the value of their currencies. That strategy could backfire, according to this line of thought, stifling international trade, tipping economies back into recession, and possibly causing depression-style hyperinflat
36、ion to boot. Get ready to sell apples on the nearest street corner and buy your morning coffee with a wheelbarrow full of paper money. It all sounds very unpleasant. But the dogs of war are unlikely to slip their leash. In a classic currency war, a country prints money, holds interest rates down, or
37、 intervenes in foreign exchange markets in order to depress the value of its own currency. That makes the countrys exports cheaper and more attractive for foreign buyers. In theory, this can enable an economy to grow faster than would be possible on the basis of domestic demand alone. Only trouble i
38、s, if every country pursues a similar strategy, they all devalue their currencies at the same time and no country gains an advantage over its trading partners. It may look as though thats whats happening now, since many of the largest economies are following policies that could depress the value of
39、their currencies. But theyre doing so for fundamentally different reasons to address domestic economic problems rather than to boost exports. And while this creates some real risks, they arent the ones that the term “currency war“ implies. Currency wars and trade wars generally have their origins in
40、 a 17 th and 18th century economic theory known as mercantilism. The idea was that a countrys wealth comes from selling more than it buys. A colonial empire could achieve this positive balance of trade by acquiring cheap raw materials from its colonies and then ensuring that it exported more finishe
41、d goods than it imported. This was usually accomplished with tariffs that made imports very expensive. Such an approach couldnt work in the modern world. Countries dont get cheap raw materials from colonies anymore. They have to buy them especially oil on the open market. So while currency devaluati
42、on makes exports cheaper for foreign buyers, it also makes essential imports more expensive. Countries with economies that are not fully developed may still depress their currencies to promote exports because they dont have sufficient domestic demand to sustain their growth. Japan has pushed its cur
43、rency down 17% since September, reversing the yens appreciation over the previous three years. And the U. S. , as well as many European countries, advocate policies that appear to be aimed at devaluing their currencies, but theyre not doing it chiefly to foment(挑起 )a trade war. The Federal Reserves
44、quantitative easing buying bonds to swell the money supply is aimed principally at stimulating domestic demand. European advocates of a cheaper euro currency, meanwhile, are hoping to make national debt easier to finance, not trying to pump up exports. The actual point of current policies is to lowe
45、r the real cost of money that is, the effective interest rate that borrowers pay after inflation is taken into account in order to spur consumer spending and business investment. That reduction can be achieved by pushing down interest rates and by allowing inflation. So rather than seeing whats goin
46、g on today as the beginning of a global trade war, we should think about it as a side effect of economic stimulus. And in theory, as economies recover, the policies could be reversed before chronic inflation becomes entrenched(确立 ). But as I said, there are risks to all this and in practice, inflati
47、on can easily get out of hand. There isnt a lot individuals can do to protect themselves against such a possibility. People about to retire should favor benefit options with the best cost-of-living increases. Real estate can be a smart buy now that prices are down so much, especially buying a home i
48、f its financially competitive with renting. Among financial investments, it makes sense to avoid long-term bonds because their payouts are fixed. So forget all the talk of a currency war. Whats going on has nothing to do with trade and everything to do with debt and growth and inflation. If the glob
49、al economy is in danger of reliving the past, it will not be a repeat of the 1930s. Rather, it will be a repeat of the 1970s, when the Federal Reserve expanded the money supply to offset the economic slowdown caused by the oil crisis and ended up encouraging double-digit inflation. Current easy money policies may well create some inflation, although per
