1、专业英语八级英译汉（散文类）强化练习试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 Early on the following morning he reached Portsmouth; and having dispatched his business on shore, endeavored to elude the populace by taking a by-way to the beach; but a crowd collecte
2、d in his train, pressing forward, to obtain a sight of his face; many were in tears, and many knelt down before him, and blessed him as he passed. England has had many heroes; but never one who entirely possessed the love of his fellow-countrymen as Nelson. All men knew that his heart was as humane
3、as it was fearless; that there was not in his nature the slightest alloy of selfishness or cupidity; but that, with perfect and entire devotion, he served his country with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his strength; and, therefore, they loved him as truly as and fervently as he
4、loved England. They pressed upon the parapet, to gaze after him when his barge pushed off, and he was returning their cheers by waving his hat. The sentinels, who endeavored to prevent them from trespassing upon this ground, were wedged among the crowd; and an officer, who, not very prudently upon s
5、uch an occasion, ordered them to drive the people down their bayonets, was compelled speedily to retreat; for the people would not be debarred from gazing, till the last moment, upon the hero the darling hero of England! 2 This morning, when I first caught sight of the unfamiliar whitened world, I c
6、ould not help wishing that we had snow oftener, that English winters were more wintry. How delightful it would be, I thought, to have months of clean snow and a landscape sparkling with frost instead of innumerable grey featureless days of rain and raw winds. I began to envy my friends in such place
7、s as the Eastern States of America and Canada, who can count upon a solid winter every year and know that the snow will arrive by a certain date and will remain, without degenerating into black slush, until Spring is close at hand. To have snow and frost and yet a clear sunny sky and air as crisp as
8、 a biscuit this seemed to me happiness indeed. And then I saw that it would never do for us. We should be sick of it in a week. After the first day the magic would be gone and there would be nothing left but the unchanging glare of the day and the bitter cruel nights. 3 To see the golden sun and the
9、 azure sky, the outstretched ocean, to walk upon the green earth, and to be lord of a thousand creatures, to look down giddy precipices or over distant flowery vales, to see the world spread out under ones finger in a map, to bring the stars near, to view the smallest insects in a microscope, to rea
10、d history, and witness the revolutions of empires and the succession of generations, to hear of the glory of Simon and Tyre, of Babylon and Susan, as of a faded pageant, and to say all these were, and are now nothing, to think that we exist in such a point of time, and in such a corner of space, to
11、be at once spectators and a part of the moving scene, to watch the return of the seasons, of spring and autumn. To hear. The stock dove plain amid the forest deep, That drowsy rustles to the sighing gale. to traverse desert wilderness, to listen to the dungeons gloom, or sit in crowded theatres and
12、see life itself mocked, to feel heat and cold, pleasure and pain, right and wrong, truth and falsehood, to study the works of art and refine the sense of beauty to agony, to worship fame and to dream of immortality, to have read Shakespeare and Beloit to the same species as Sir Isaac Newton; to be a
13、nd to do all this, and then in a moment to be nothing, to have it all snatched from one like a jugglers ball or a phantasmagoria. 4 Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life; the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankin
14、d. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few h
15、ours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. 1 have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniatur
16、e, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found. 专业英语八级英译汉（散文类）强化练习试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 1 【
17、正确答案】 第二天一大早他就赶到了朴次茅斯。处理完岸上的事务之后他便抄小道前往海边，以避开当地的群众。可是，他身后聚集了一大群人，他们前拥后挤，只为能亲眼一睹他的尊容：很多人都热泪盈眶，许多人甚至在他走过的时候跪了下来，为他祈福。英格兰有过很多英雄，但没有一个像 纳尔逊那样深受全国人民的爱戴。人们都知道，他心地仁慈、无所畏惧、大公无私。他全心全意、竭尽全力地效忠自己的国家，因此，人们亦如他热爱英格兰那般，真心诚意地爱着他。当他的舰艇驶出港口时，岸边的栏杆旁挤满了目送他远去的人群，他们高声呼喊，而他也挥动着帽子向人们告别。 【试题解析】 1第一句话句子较长，应根据汉语表达习惯断句。原句中有两处分
18、号，翻译时在分号处断句即可。 Portsmouth这里指的是 “英格兰南部的港口城市朴次茅斯 ”。 populace意为 “平民 ”，这里可译为 “当地群众 ”。 train在句中指的是“长长的队伍人群 ”。 2第二句中的 entirely possessed the love of his fellow-countrymen指的是 “深受全国人民的爱戴 ”，翻泽时应当注意被动语态的转换。 3第三句话句式复杂，而且句子较长，翻泽时可以在第二个分号处断句。这句话用词较为华丽并且对仗工整，因此翻译时应当注意汉语选词，可以考虑大量使用四字格成语。 “that them was not in his
19、nature the slightest alloy of selfishness or cupidity” 一句中， alloy本义为 “合金 ”，这里指的是纳尔逊天性中不掺杂任何自私或贪欲，因此此处可译为 “大公无私 ”。 4最后一句中的 parapet指的是 “岸边的栏杆 ”，而 barge指的是 “纳尔逊乘坐的舰艇 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉（散文） 2 【正确答案】 我想，如果我们这里不是像现在这样总是苦雨凄风，永无尽期，天空阴沉而缺乏特色，如果我们这里是冰雪积月、霜华璀璨的景象，那该多么令人喜悦啊 !我于是羡慕起我那些居住在美国东部各州和加拿大的友人来了，他们那里年年都能指望过上一
20、个像样的冬天，都能 说得出降雪的准确日期，并且直至大地春回之前，那里的雪绝无融化为黑色泥浆的可能。既有霜雪，又有晴朗温煦的天空，空气像饼干一样新鲜 这在我看来实为幸事。但马上我又觉得这样还是不行。不消一周人们就会对它感到厌烦。甚至一两天后魔力便会消失，剩下的唯有白昼一成不变的耀眼阳光，夜晚刺骨严寒的凄冷难耐。 【试题解析】 1划线部分第一句较长，翻译时应当根据汉语表达习惯重新调整语序，把 how delightful it would be 这一感叹句置于句末。该句用词优美，因此译文可以适当使用汉语四字格形式。 rain and raw winds可译为 “苦雨凄风 ”。 2划线部分第二句中的
21、 a solid winter可译为 “一个像样的冬天 ”。 3划线部分第三句中的 air as crisp as a biscuit可以采用意译的方法， crisp意为“(空气 )清爽的，新鲜的 ”。 4划线部分第四句中的 saw指的是作者的想法。因此可译为 “觉得 ”。 5划线部分第五句中的 be sick of意为 be bored of，可翻译为 “对 感到厌烦 ”。 6在翻译划线部分最后一句中的 the unchanging glare of the day and the bitter cruel nights时应当注意汉语格式的对仗、工整。 【知识模块】 英译汉（散文） 3 【正
22、确答案】 我们看到金色的阳光、蔚蓝的天空和广阔的海洋；我们漫步在绿色的大地上，感觉自己是万物的主宰；俯视令人目眩心悸的悬崖峭壁。或者远眺鲜花盛开的山谷；我们摊开地图，指点江山；我们近观斗转星移，用显微镜观察最微小的生物；我们纵观历史，犹如亲自见证帝国的兴亡和时代的交替；我们聆听古代西蒙、提尔、巴比伦和苏撒的辉煌历史，如同听到往昔的盛会，听了以后告诉我们自己：这些事确实发生过，但已成为过眼云烟；我们思考着自己生活在这样一个时代、这样一个地区；在人生的活动舞台上，我们既是观众，又是演员；我们观 察着四季更迭、春夏秋冬。 【试题解析】 1文章通篇都没有主语，可加上第一人称 “我们 ”，凸显作者的豪情
23、和浪漫；其次，文章划线的一段从头至尾都是由动词短语组成的短句，中间都是逗号，所以要根据上下文进行断句，主要以意思相类似的动词为主，分隔成多组短句，再用分号隔开，既保留了原文的铿锵有力，叉使得重组后的意思更加明晰。 2第一句中 outstretched的意思是 “广阔的 ”，不要误译为 “向外伸展的 ”。 3 to be lord of a thousand creatures翻译时应增加动词 “感觉自己是 ” ，更能体现原文的豪迈情怀，后面的 under ones finger in a map翻译为 “指点江山 ”，也是出于同样原因。 4 giddy precipices和 distant
24、flowery vales都是看的对象，可根据情况把前面的看分别翻译成 “俯视 ”和 “远眺 ”，更贴合意境，语言也更丰富；同时可把 giddy precipices和 distant flowery vales翻译得优美一些，接近原文的行文风格。 5在 witness前增译 “犹如 ”一词既可符合现实，也可更清楚地表达原文意思。 6把 glory增译为具有实际含义的词 “辉煌的历史 ”，可以使抽象的表达变得具体生动。 7根据汉语习惯把 all these were进行词类转换，把 were译为实义动词。这句话翻译成 “这些事确实发生过 ”，同理， are now nothing译为 “已成为
25、过眼云烟 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉（散文） 4 【正确答案】 我一生有三个愿望，简单却极其强烈：一是对爱的渴望，二是对知识的探索，三是对人类苦难的无限悲悯。这三个愿望如同疾风般，把我吹得东飘西荡，在苦痛的深海上随波逐流，直至绝望的彼岸。 我追求爱情 ，因为它使人心醉神迷 这种沉醉是如此的美妙，让我宁愿舍弃余生，为的是享有这片刻的欢乐；我追求爱，因为它能驱走寂寞之感 这种可怕的孤独感令人不寒而栗，使人俯视天地之边缘，望向绝望的无底深渊；终于，我找到了爱。因为在爱的和谐中，我看到了圣贤和诗人幻想中神秘天堂的缩影。这就是我所寻求的，虽然对于凡人而言，它似乎过于美好而遥不可及，但这就是我最终找到的。
26、 或： 吾生三愿，纯朴却激越：一日渴望爱情，二日求索知识，三日悲悯吾类之无尽苦难。此三愿，如疾风，迫吾无助飘零于苦水深海之上，直达绝望之彼岸。 吾求爱，盖因其赐吾狂喜 狂喜之剧足令吾舍此生而享其片刻；吾求爱，亦因其可驱寂寞之感，吾每生寂寞之情辄兢兢俯视天地之缘，而见绝望之无底深渊；吾求爱还因若得爱，即可窥视圣哲诗人所幻想之神秘天国。此吾过往之所求，虽曾虑其之至美而恐终不为凡人所得，然吾终求而得之。 【试题解析】 I第一段第一句的结构并不难，以 three passions为主语，是个典型的英语无人称句，宜转译为汉语的人称句。 overwhelmingly意为 “压倒性地，不可抵抗地 ”，强调愿
27、望的强烈程度，可引申为 “极其地 ”。 2第二句中 hither and thither指 “到处，四面八方 ”， wayward指 “随意的 ”，都是形容三个愿望对作者的强大影响力。 verge本义为 “边缘 ”，此处可引申为 “彼岸 ”。 3 ecstasy意为 “狂喜，欣喜若狂 ”。 4第二段中有三个长句子，分别使用了 first， next， finally三个衔接词，而汉语则依靠隐性的逻辑进行衔接，因此这三个词可译出，也可省略不译。 5第二段第一句中 I would often have sacrificed 是虚拟句，可译为 “我宁舍此生换其片刻 ”。 a few hours本义为
28、 “几 个小时 ”，引申为 “片刻 ”。 6。第二句中 relieve原意为 “解除，减轻；使 免于 ”，此处可引申为 “驱除 ”。that terrible loneliness in which 采用断句法，可将定语从句转译为一个完整的句子。 shivering consciousness中的 consciousness指 “意识 ”，在句中不必直译出来。unfathomable意为 “深不可测的 ”。 7第三句中 in the union of love，可进行词类转换。将介词词组译为动词词组 “若得到爱 ”。 8 miniature可译 为 “缩影 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉（散文）
