1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 147及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic characteristics of good English writing uni
3、ty,【 T1】 _, emphasis,【 T1】 _ development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: I . Good writing is【 T2】 _.【 T2】 _ It should be【 T3】 _, having something insightful to say about the【 T3】_ topic. It is not simply【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ It may 1)enlighten you or【 T5】 _the subject:【 T5】 _
4、 2)make you feel something similar: 3)make you feel exactly【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ II. Good writing involves thoughtful【 T7】 _.【 T7】 _ It is the result of 99% of hard work and 1% of【 T8】 _.【 T8】 _ III. Good writing is directed toward an【 T9】 _.【 T9】 _ The audience determines 1)diction and sentence structure
5、2)the sentence【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ 3)the overall【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ 4)details that would be included IV. Good writing achieves a dear【 T12】 _.【 T12】 _ V. Good writing expresses【 T13】 _clearly.【 T13】 _ It reflects good thinking, which should be put into precise,【 T14】 _【 T14】_ and lucid articles. For non-na
6、tive speakers of English, clear expression involves being 【 T15】 _.【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 How to Build Your Vocabulary Effectively Vocabulary is the foundation of learning a langu
7、age. Without it, none of the skills could be learned well. Here are some methods to build your vocabulary effectively: I. Be aware of【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ guess a words meaning from its【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ look up the word【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ 【 T4】 _words of interest to you【 T4】 _ II. Gain vocabulary through reading A
8、. Reason: 【 T5】 _what to learn【 T5】 _ 【 T6】 _what you have learned【 T6】 _ B.【 T7】 _:【 T7】 _ what attract you what are【 T8】 _for you【 T8】 _ III. Use dictionary as a(n)【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ keep it at hand use a good dictionary in your workplace check up the various meanings of one word get a(n)【 T10】 _of th
9、e way the word has developed from the【 T10】 _ words history IV. Review the words regularly set aside a specific amount of【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ look up new words and review old words set a goal for the【 T12】 _of words and by what date【 T12】 _ keep the information on a word【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ V. The【 T14】 _fa
10、ctor【 T14】 _ 【 T15】 _being the most vital factor【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 147答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will
11、hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for n
12、ote-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Good Writing What is good writing? Different cultures using different languages may come up with very different answers to the question. Indeed, even different individuals may have different standards, tastes and expectati
13、ons. However, as far as English is concerned, a set of basic characteristics, which is believed to be present in all good writing, has been promoted by educators in English-speaking countries.(1)They are: unity, coherence, emphasis, development and clarity. While these good old values are still rele
14、vant, todays discussion of good writing focuses on a different set of concepts.(2)Ill define good writing using different terms: good writing is good thinking: good writing involves thoughtful revision: good writing is directed toward an audience: good writing achieves a clear purpose: good writing
15、expresses ideas clearly. Firstly, good writing is good thinking. Good thinking leads to good writing, and muddy thinking can only result in muddy writing. As simple as that. Writing is a thinking process: it is not making a big deal out of nothing.(3)Good writing should be substantive, really having
16、 things to say. Not only having things to say, but also having insightful things to say about the topic. This concept is particularly important for you non-native speakers of English. You may tend to be overly concerned with being correct in grammar, spelling and mechanics. While good writing is exp
17、ected to be free from grammatical and other errors, it is worth repeating here that(4)good writing is not good grammar or vice versa. At the advanced level, you should be much more concerned with higher and more important issues of writing in English. If you were excited at all by a piece of writing
18、, most likely, it was for one or a combination of the following reasons: 1)because(5)it enlightens you or sheds light on the subject: 2)because you have felt something similar but in a rather vague and superficial way: 3)because(6)you have felt exactly the same, but have never been able to express y
19、ourself in such an effective and elegant manner. (7)Secondly, good writing involves thoughtful revision. Although there are geniuses who are such inspired writers that they can produce great writings at the spur of the moment without having to revise as much as one word, such geniuses are few and fa
20、r between.(8)For the overwhelming majority of writers, good writing is ninety-nine percent hard work and one percent inspiration. Experienced writers subject their writings to numerous revisions before feeling satisfied. Lu Xun, the greatest modern Chinese writer, for example, talks about pacing pen
21、sively in the study for days searching for the right word. (9)Thirdly, good writing is directed toward an audience. Notice the use of the word “audience“ here: it usually refers to viewers and listeners, but now its reference has expanded to include readers too, particularly in discussions of writin
22、g. You should remember that what is appropriate for one kind of audience may not be appropriate for another.(10/11)The intended audience determines your choice of words, your sentence length and patterns, the overall tone, the details that would be included in your writing, etc. Fourthly,(12)good wr
23、iting achieves a clear purpose. Good writing must achieve your intended purpose. If you want to write about how to make Jiaozi, your reader, after reading your writing, should get everything he or she needs to know about how to make Jiaozi, from the necessary ingredients to step by step instructions
24、. If your purpose is to convey the sublime and soul-awakening beauty of the morning sun bursting out of the horizon in the misty Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province, you should describe it in such a way that your readers should be able to visualize the scenery. If you want to propose that China ado
25、pt a legal drinking age, you should make it clear to the Peoples Congress why such a law is necessary, what it should be, how to implement such a law, and so forth. (13)Last but not least, good writing expresses ideas clearly.(14)Good writing reflects good thinking, and good thinking needs to be put
26、 in precise, concise and lucid prose. An important task for revision is to trim all the deadwood, pruning all the redundancies, wordiness, and confusing and misleading ambiguities.(15)For non-native speakers, to express yourself clearly often involves making your writing more idiomatic, reducing the
27、 level of negative interference of your native language and to bring your writing closer to English-speaking readers. Only when you can write clearly can you begin to think of developing a distinctive style. What kind of style you should develop or use depends on your temperament, your need, and suc
28、h controlling factors as the subject you are writing about, the audience you are writing to, and the purpose you want to achieve. One style may be appropriate for certain occasions but totally inappropriate for others. You would feel totally out of place if you go to a casual gathering of old friend
29、s dressed in expensive suit and tie, unless you want to appear snobbish and showy. How about going to a concert performed by the Vienna Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra in the elegant Grand Capital Arts Center in loosely fit T-shirt and jeans? So far, we have discussed five characteristics of good wr
30、iting. In later lectures, you will learn in greater detail about how to write to different audiences to achieve specific purposes in clear and effective styles. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 coherence 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (1)可知，学者们 认为一篇好的写作应具备的基本特征是： unity， coherence， emphasis， development and clarity，故答案为 cohe
31、rence。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 good thinking 【试题解析】 本题设题点在分论点处。通过句 (2)可知，演讲者将从不同的方面定义好的写作，首先是好的写作有好的思想，因此答案为 good thinking。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 substantive 【试题解析】 本题设题点在语气强调 处。演讲者认为，一篇好的写作首先要有好的思想 (good writing is good thinking)，根据句 (3)可知，好的写作应该是实质性的，是真的有话要说，故答案为 substantive。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 good gramm
32、ar 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (4)可知，演讲者认为好的写作不能简单地认为是语法正确，反之亦然，故答案为 good grammar。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 shed light on elaborate 【试题解析】 本题设题点在原因列举处。演讲者接着谈到写作成功的原因有三个，根据句 (5)可知，第一个原因是能启发思维或能阐明所讨论的话题， shed light on sth是一个固定搭配，意为 “阐明 ” ，故答案为 shed light on或 elaborate。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 the same 【试题解析】 本题设题点在原因列举处
33、。句 (6)提到写作成功的第三个原因：好的作品是你感到作品中表达的思想与你自己的思想一致，但你却不能像作品中那样用有效、优雅的文字表 达出来，故答案为 the same. 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 revision 【试题解析】 本题设题点在分论点处。句 (7)提到好的作品应具备的第二点：好的作品是作者经过深思熟虑、反复修改完成的，故答案为 revision。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 inspiration 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。通过句 (8)可知，演讲者认为好的写作需要99的辛勤努力和 1的灵感，因此答案为 inspiration。 【知识模块】 讲座 9
34、 【正确答案 】 audience 【试题解析】 本题设题点在分论点处。通过句 (9)可知，演讲者认为好的写作是针对某些 “观众 ”(本文指读者 )，因此答案为 audience。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 length and patterns 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。上文中演讲者已经提及好的写作是针对某些“观众 ”(本文指读者 )，接下来论述原因，通过句 (10)可知，目标读者决定了句子的长短和句型，因此答案为 length and patterns。 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【 正确答案】 tone 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (11)可知，目标读者还
35、决定了语气以及其他细节，故答案为 tone。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 purpose 【试题解析】 本题设题点在分论点处。句 (12)提到好的写作应具备的第四点：好的作品应能达到作者的预期目的，故答案为 purpose。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 ideas 【试题解析】 本题设题点在分论点处。通过句 (13)可知，演讲者认为好的写作要能够清楚地表达思想，因此答案为 ideas。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 concise 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。最后，演讲者指出好的写作应能清楚明了地表达观点，根据句 (14)可知，好的写作反映出好的思想，同时
36、好的思想需要放到严谨、简明扼要和清晰的文体中去，题干中用定语从句改写原文中的句子， articles是 prose的同义转述，故答案为 concise。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 idiomatic 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (15)可知，好的写作试图将观点表达 清楚，会让自身的写作更合乎语言习惯、更加地道，故答案为 idiomatic。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【听力原文】 How to Build Your Vocabulary Effectively Good morning. In todays lecture, we shall discuss the
37、strategies of learning English vocabulary. When we talk about learning English, we usually mention the four basic skills listening, reading, speaking and writing. However, all of these skills can not be sharpened without vocabulary. While there are not any magic shortcuts to learn words, the larger
38、your vocabulary becomes, the easier it will be to connect a new word with words you already know, and thus remember its meaning. So your learning speed, or pace, should increase as your vocabulary grows. There are some basic steps to build your vocabulary effectively. (1)First of all, we need to be
39、aware of words. Many people are surprised when they are told they have small vocabularies. They protest that they read all the time. This shows that reading alone may not be enough to make you learn new words. When we read a novel, for instance, there is usually a strong urge to get on with the stor
40、y and skip over unfamiliar or perhaps vaguely known words. But it is obvious that when a word is totally unknown to you, you have to be especially aware of words that seem familiar to you but whose precise meanings you may not really know. Instead of avoiding these words, you need to take a closer l
41、ook at them.(2)First, try to guess a words meaning from its context that is, the sense of the passage in which it appears: if you focus on learning words in the context where youre most likely to find them, youre more likely to recognize them when you encounter them or need to use them again. Second
42、,(3)if you have a dictionary with you, look up the word immediately. This may slow down your reading somewhat, but your improved understanding of each new word will eventually speed your learning of other words, making reading easier.(4)Third, make a daily practice of noting words of interest to you
43、 for further study whenever you are reading, listening to the radio, talking to friends, or watching television. Second, it is easy to gain vocabulary through reading. When you have become more aware of words, reading is the next important step to increase your knowledge of words,(5)because that is
44、how you will find most of the words you should be learning.(6)It is also the best way to check on words you have already learned. When you come across a word you have recently studied, and you understand it, which proves you have learned its meaning.(7)Then what should you read? Whatever interests y
45、ou whatever makes you want to read. If you like sports, read the sports page of the newspapers: read magazines like Sports Illustrated: read books about your favorite athletes. If you are interested in interior decorating, read a magazine like House Beautiful read it, dont just look at the photograp
46、hs. Often people with very small vocabularies dont enjoy reading at all. Its more of a chore for them than a pleasure because they dont understand many of the words. If this is the way you feel about reading, try reading easier things. Newspapers are usually easier than magazines: a magazine like Re
47、aders Digest is easier to read than The Atlantic Monthly.(8)There is no point in trying to read something you simply are not able to understand or are not interested in. The important idea is to find things to read you can enjoy, and to read as often and as much as possible, with the idea of learnin
48、g new words always in mind. (9)Third, dictionary is a necessity to build your vocabulary. Keep it where you usually do your reading at home. You are more likely to use it if you do not have to get it from another room. At work, there may be a good dictionary available for your use. At home, most people do not have a big, unabridged dictionary: however, one of the smaller academic dictionaries would be fine to start with. Remember, words can have more than one meaning, and the me
