1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 196及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Purposes of Art I. A vehicle for religious ritual The【 T1】 _: primary patron of artists【 T1】 _ Traditional societies: religiou
3、s or【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ II. A(n)【 T3】 _ of an important event【 T3】 _ Major historical event: e.g. coronation Important event to the participants: e.g. a(n)【 T4】 _ or a baptism【 T4】 _ III. Propaganda or social commentary Purpose of propaganda: to persuade people to accept beliefs,【 T5】 _, or follow leader
4、s【 T5】 _ Purpose of social commentary: to make people be more aware of the【 T6】 _ as the artist perceives it【 T6】 _ IV. Recording of visual data or telling the “truth“ New ways of capturing【 T7】 _ after the Renaissance【 T7】 _ - Linear perspective - Oil painting technique Artists challenged the basic
5、 idea of what it is for an image to be true and real V. Pleasing the eye or creating beauty In the past: art is the【 T8】 _ of perfection, the lofty and noble ideals of beauty【 T8】 _ Modern era: The notion of beauty is【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ VI. A powerful means of【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ A(n)【 T11】 _ of religious ar
6、t of the Middle ages【 T11】 _ - The frescoes by Giotto - Norman Rockwell: tell powerful and subtle stories about【 T12】 _ people and events【 T12】 _ VII. Conveying intense【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ Capturing the facial expression and body language Certain religious art The works of expressionists VIII. The【 T14】
7、 _of the subject matter【 T14】 _ Subject matter has changed little Media used have changed little Interpretation of【 T15】 _ subject matter has changed【 T15】 _ as society has changed 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T1
8、4】 15 【 T15】 15 Three Concepts in Art History I. Commonalities - Certain chunk of【 T1】 _,【 T1】 _ within which【 T2】 _ were shared【 T2】 _ II. Periodization - A combination of【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ - Periodizers use words to describe【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ III. Rules of Periodization A.【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ - Newly discovered
9、 data result in【 T6】 _ in periodization【 T6】 _ B. Era - Usually long C. Period - Shorter than an era - Sometimes used【 T7】 _ with era【 T7】 _ - Catch-all category - Two situations of using “period“ a)Significant ruler was dominant in a specific【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ b)Nobody was taking control whatsoever - P
10、eriod may also be【 T9】 _ to an artist【 T9】 _ e.g. Picassos “blue“ and “rose“ period D. Movement - Elements of movement a)A band of artists b)X amount of time c)【 T10】 _【 T10】 _ e.g. artistic style, common enemies etc. - Impressionism a)Explore new ways of depicting【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ b)New techniques i
11、n【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ c)Support artistic efforts d)Hold their own【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ e)Make the art establishment【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ - Short-lived - Less【 T15】 _ in contemporary times【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T1
12、3】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 196答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.
13、 Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Purposes of Art Good morning, everyone. Today, we are going to continue our talk about art, parti
14、cularly about the purposes of art. Art is created and enjoyed by many people for many reasons. However, one of the things that art does is to extend and expand our shared common visual language. When new visual ideas are first introduced by the artist, they are often seen as shocking, and perhaps ev
15、en as incomprehensible. However, with time the best and most effective of these ideas are accepted. There is nothing harder than trying to grasp what was shocking or muminating about certain images, or ways of making images. Once the shock is gone, we have all absorbed this bit of visual data into o
16、ur own vocabularies. Artists show us new ways to see familiar things, and how to interpret new situations and events through various kinds of visual shorthand. This creation of visual language may be the artists intention, or it may be a side effect of other purposes. So what are some of the purpose
17、s that art fulfils? Probably the oldest purpose of art is as a vehicle for religious ritual. From the prehistoric cave paintings of France, to the Sistine Chapel, art has served religion.1For centuries the church was the primary patron of artists.2In traditional societies even today, the primary pur
18、pose of art is religious or ceremonial. 3Secondly, art may also serve as a commemoration of an important event. The event may be of major historical importance, such as the coronation of Josephine by Napoleon as recorded by the artist David,4or it may be important only to the participants, like the
19、image of a wedding or a baptism. Thirdly, art has often served as propaganda or social commentary. Propaganda images are attempts to persuade us toward particular viewpoints or actions promoted by public or private institutions such as political parties, lobbyists, governments, or religious groups.
20、The propaganda purpose may be one we approve of, such as World War II efforts to get women behind the war effort, as epitomized in Norman Rockwells works entitled Rosie the Riveter. It might also be a purpose we disapprove of.5In either case, the power of visual images has frequently been used to pe
21、rsuade masses of people to accept beliefs, take actions, or follow leaders.6The artist as social commentator may simply make us more aware of the human condition as he/she perceives it, without suggesting particular action. Fourthly, art may be simply a means of recording of visual data or telling t
22、he “truth“ about what we see.7After the Renaissance, artists became preoccupied with new ways of capturing reality such as the use of linear perspective, and the realism possible through the use of oil painting technique. In time, artists like Courbet and Cezanne began in various ways to challenge t
23、he basic idea of what it is for an image to be true and real. Next in point, art can also be seen as pleasing the eye or creating beauty. Yet the idea of beauty, like that of truth, has been challenged in the modern era.8At one time, the artist was expected to portray perfection, the lofty and noble
24、 ideals of beauty. Yet as society became more industrialized and democratic,9many thoughtful people began to broaden their notions of what could be beautiful. For example, Rembrandt could celebrate the tactile quality of paint and colour in his picture of a side of beef, and Courbet and Millet could
25、 see beauty in the life of ordinary peasants. 10In addition, art is also a powerful means of storytelling.11This was a common device of religious art of the Middle ages, for example in the frescoes by Giotto from the Church of San Francesco de Assisi, where sequences of panels were used to tell stor
26、ies from the Scriptures or lives of Saints.12It is also the great gift of Norman Rockwell, who had the ability to tell powerful and subtle stories about ordinary people and events, in .just one picture. A picture is truly worth a thousand words. 13Another purpose of art is conveying intense emotion.
27、 The expressive power of art can be seen in literal ways in the capturing of facial expression and body language. Certain religious art, and the works of expressionists such as Munch or Kirchner are charged with powerful emotions. Picasso, in works such as Guernica is able to communicate intense emo
28、tions. This is accomplished variously by use of dramatic or exaggerated colour, light, form, and/or other elements. 14Finally, one of the primary purposes of art is to interpret the subject matter at hand. Subject matter does not change all that much over time. Although new subject matter has been e
29、volved, the human condition, nature, and events still continue to capture the attention of artists. The media used have changed relatively little; though new materials have appeared in this century, the conventional media continue to be used. Nor can we say that the quality or artistic merit of art
30、works has increased or lessened with time. However,15throughout the course of history as society has changed, so also has the interpretation of specific subject matter. A portrait executed in 1900s could rarely be confused with one done in the 1600s. Even landscape is reinterpreted in the context of
31、 a changing world. Each work is an expression of the subject in the context of the values, culture, and events of its specific era OK I have briefly outlined some important and prevalent purposes of art for you. I am sure you now have a better understanding about art and its functions and intentions
32、. Next time, we shall talk about art and its relevance with societal changes. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 church 【试题解析】 本文主要阐述了艺术的几种用途，其中最古老的用途就是作为宗教仪式的一种工具。在过去的几百年来，教会一直是艺术家最重要的赞助方，此处填 church。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 ceremonial 【试题解析】 录音提到，在传统社会，甚至是当今的社会里，艺术的主要用途仍是宗教和仪式上的。本题填入 ceremonial。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案
33、】 commemoration 【试题解析】 此题考查 艺术的第二个主要用途。即 “重大事件的纪念 ”，因此本题填入 commemoration。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确答案】 wedding 【试题解析】 艺术可以用于纪念重要历史事件，如艺术家大卫所记录的拿破仑为约瑟芬加冕皇后的仪式；或者只对仪式的参与者有意义，如婚礼或者洗礼。举例处是常见考点，听录音时应加以注意。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 take actions 【试题解析】 录音接着提到艺术的第三个用途，艺术有宣传和社会评论的作用。其中宣传的作用是劝 告人们接受信仰，采取行动或跟随领导。此题应填入 take
34、 actions。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 human condition 【试题解析】 作为社会评论员，艺术家创作的目的是为了让我们像他们那样更加关注人类的生活境况，但他们却不会告诉我们如何付诸于实践。所以本题答案为human condition。 【知识模块】 听力填空 7 【正确答案】 reality 【试题解析】 文艺复兴之后，艺术家们开始沉迷于探索新的手法描绘现实，比如使用线性透视法，又或者采用 新的油画技术等。此处应填 reality。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 portrayal 【试题解析】 曾几何时，人们希望艺术家描绘完美以及崇高、高尚的美感
35、。此空格应填入名词，故需将 portray改为名词形式 portrayal。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 broadened 【试题解析】 录音提到，随着社会变得越来越工业化和民主化，很多有思想的人开始扩大对美的事物的概念。此题要求填入动词的被动语态 broadened。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 storytelling 【试题解析】 本题考查艺术的第六个用途，即讲故事。填 storytelling。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 common device 【试题解析】 录音提到，讲故事是中世纪宗教艺术的常见表现手段。因此本题填入 common
36、 device。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 ordinary 【试题解析】 诺曼洛克威尔是一个通过绘画来讲故事的高手，他能够通过简单的一幅画，充分描绘发生在普通人身上 的故事以及寻常的事件。所以本题答案为ordinary。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 emotion 【试题解析】 艺术的另一用途是传递浓烈的情感，填 emotion。表示层次的词句是做笔记的重点。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 interpretation 【试题解析】 讲座提到，艺术的主要目的之一是诠释艺术家身边的各种主题。此空格需要填一个名词，故需将原文中的 interpret
37、改写为 interpretation。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 specific 【试题解析】 讲座最后提到，随着社会的变化，人们对某些特定主题 (specific subject matter)的诠释也发生改变。结合题目此处应填入 specific。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Three Concepts in Art History Good morning everyone. Today we will continue our discussion in art history and we are going to focus on three
38、important concepts in art: era period and movement. The words “era,“ “movement“ and “period“ are plastered all over Art History, but I dont recall ever, in any class, going over what they are supposed to mean in comparison to one another. I cant find any credible references, either, but I will do my
39、 best in my talk today to help you tell the differences between the three concepts. First,1no matter whether era, period or movement is being employed in a situation, they all mean “historic chunk of time.“2Secondly, art created during any of the three is distinguished by characteristics common to t
40、he era/period/ movement. Whichever term is being bandied about, these two factors apply. The proper name of historic classification is “periodiza-tion.“3Periodization seems to be a combination of art and science, and is only entrusted to serious professionals. Its mostly science, as far as I can tel
41、l, because those in charge of periodizing use as many factual dates as are at their disposal.4The art part comes in when the periodizers have to use words to describe dates. Someone, somewhere, is always going to disagree with somebody elses choice of words, with an end result that, occasionally, we
42、ve got more than one term for the same time frame. Theres probably a strong argument for foregoing all of this English and using the Vulcan Mind Meld in this periodization business. Since thats sadly not possible, here are a few rules of thumb about Art History periodization. Rule of Thumb 1:5Period
43、ization is elastic6It is subject to change if and when new data is discovered. This is not unusual in art history, as art is open to interpretation and understanding. There is no one single answer in art or art history. Rule of Thumb 2: Regarding an Era. An era is usually long, as evidenced by the B
44、aroque Era: around 200 years, if you count the Rococo phase. An even better example would be the Upper Late Paleolithic, an era which covered some 20,000 years worth of art and a bunch of geological changes. A note of warning, though. In recent years, “era“ has come to be employed with shorter block
45、s of time, like “the Nixon era“, but that hasnt got much to do with Art History. Rule of Thumb 3: Regarding a Period.7A period is generally shorter than an era, though they are sometimes used interchangeably. Going by the dictionary, a period should mean “any portion of time.“ In other words, period
46、 is a bit like the catch-all category in periodization. If we havent exact dates, or the chunk of time in question was not a specific era or movement, hey “period“ will suffice! It seems to me that period mostly comes up in Art History when8some significant ruler was calling the shots in a specific
47、geographic location. This happened a lot in the far East; Japanese history, in particular, is chock-full of periods. Nobody was in charge of anything, as was the case during the Migration Period in the European “Dark Ages.“ To confuse things further, however, certain individuals may claim to have wo
48、rked through this or that period. Picasso, for example, had himself both a “blue“ period and a “rose“ period.9So, a period may also be singular to an artist though I feel it would be more considerate of the rest of us to refer to such as his or her “phase“, “fling“, “passing fancy“ or “temporary insanity.“ Rule of Thumb 4: Regarding a Movement. A movement is less slippery. It means that a group of artists banded together to pursue a certain commonality for “x“ amount of time.10They had a specific objective in mind when they got together, whether it was a part
