1、专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectur
2、e. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The Double Nature of Literary Translation . Introduction New tendency: combination of two theories . Tr
3、anslation is a (n)【 1】 . A. Reproduce message through transformation of【 2】 B. Focus of study Description of process of translation Structures and forms of language C. Aim To reveal the【 3】 inherent in translating D. Procedures for a translator Comprehend the【 4】 of the whole work Reproduce the orig
4、inal by using corresponding【 5】 and proper【 6】 of translation . Translation is a (n)【 7】 . A. Translation is the【 8】 of a literary work. B. Three qualifications of a translator: Competence in two languages Thorough【 9】 of the original Knowledge of the basic【 10】 and methods of translation 1 【 1】 2 【
5、 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 s
6、econds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 In his research, what did Peter Williams find about training in small firms? （ A） They spend too little on training. （ B） They are unaware of their training expenses. （ C） They receive state subsidies for training
7、. （ D） They increase their training budgets. 12 Small firms do not have specific training budgets because （ A） they do not want to invest in training. （ B） they do not have time to provide training. （ C） they do not plan their training. （ D） they do not have professional guidance. 13 When calculatin
8、g the cost of in-house training, many small finns do not include （ A） course fees. （ B） managers time. （ C） accountants costs. （ D） travel expenses. 14 Above all else, small firms want training that （ A） will answer their short-term needs. （ B） does not require immediate investment. （ C） will help t
9、heir planning procedures. （ D） will focus on long-term business needs. 15 The first university courses for small companies will deal with （ A） business growth. （ B） computing needs. （ C） structural change. （ D） managerial skills. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear eve
10、rything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What happened on Thursday? （ A） Israel announced plans to build up to 750 new homes in a Jewish settlement. （ B） A Palestinian gunman
11、killed eight students at a Jewish seminary. （ C） Israel stepped up security across the country. （ D） Ohnert promised to fight militants in the West Bank and Gaza. 17 Where did this accident happen? （ A） In the capital Buenos Aires. （ B） Near the beach resort of Mar del Plata. （ C） Near Dolores. （ D）
12、 Not mentioned. 18 How many people were on the bus? （ A） 18. （ B） 50. （ C） 2. （ D） 63. 19 What was Baraek Obamas response toward HillARys suggestion? （ A） He made no eomments on Hillarys suggestion. （ B） He had no choice but to accept Hillarys suggestion. （ C） He refused to take Hillarys suggestion.
13、 （ D） He decided to quit the election campaign. 20 The Philippine government has banned （ A） news reports about the fighting in the Philippines. （ B） news reports about the fighting in the villages. （ C） news reports about the fighting on Jolo Island. （ D） some newspapers. 专业英语八级（听力）练习试卷 4答案与解析 SECT
14、ION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over
15、, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 The Double Nature of Literary Translation Good morning, todays lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on transla
16、tion, so Id like to spend some time discussing a very basic issue: nature of literary translation. Various definitions have been given to translation. Among them two definitions are most important. One is translation is a science and the other is translation is an art. The two definitions represent
17、two schools the school of science and the school of art. In my opinion, both schools have their strong points and weak points so far as literary, translation is concerned. Now there is a tendency to combine their theories into a comprehensive one. As a matter of fact, literary, translation has a dou
18、ble nature. Thats to say, on one hand, it is a science with its own laws and methods, and on the other, it is an art. Now lets have a further discussion of its double nature. (1) First, we say translation is a science, because it has its own laws and methods. It should (2) reproduce the message of t
19、he original by means of the transformation of linguistic equivalence. It focuses on the study of description of the process of translation, and the structures and forms of language (3) so as to reveal the objective laws inherent in translating. Take the translation between English and Chinese for ex
20、ample. If we want to translate well, we must be entirely familiar with the content of the original and all the knowledge it concerns. In addition, we should have a comparatively comprehensive and thorough study of English and Chinese so that we may do our work with high proficiency. Although Chinese
21、 and English have their respective characteristics still we can do the translation between them. It is because language reflects the objective existence that is common to both English and Chinese. But at the same time we must admit that languages are quite different in characteristics and usage. Thi
22、s is the problem that troubles the translators. If one wants to be a qualified translator, one should have a penetrating study and careful comparison of the similarities and differenees between these two languages so that one may find the corresponding laws and methods in the translation between the
23、m, do translation effectively and ensure the quality of translation. Anyhow, it will never do for one to translate word for word and mechanically adhere to the superficial similarities in words, phrases and grammatical structures. He must follow the scientific process from thorough understanding to
24、accurate representation. The procedures are, first, the translator must (4) comprehend the content and style of the whole work before he sets his pen to paper, and then, creatively (5 6) reproduce the original as it really is by using the corresponding laws and proper methods of translation in a fle
25、xible way so that the translation may be lifelike as well as intelligible. (7) Now lets turn to the point of translation as an art. This means (8) translation re-creates a literary work by using expressions of another language. It emphasizes the effect of translation. There are quite a lot of people
26、 who lack a correct understanding of this. A popular fallacy is that translation is far easier than creation. Since such misunderstanding exists, it is necessary and worthwhile for us to discuss the following question: Is translation really far easier than creation? Writing is rather hard. Thats qui
27、te true. Not everybody can write satisfactorily. A writer should have had rich experience in life and accumulated a great deal of source material. Whats more, he should be good at generalization and creation. Only thus, it is possible for him to produce a satisfactory, work. And translation is not s
28、o easy as some non-professionals think it to be. We may state that it is rather difficult. A quailfled translator must possess the following three qualifications: First, he must be at home in the two languages concerned and quite familiar with their characteristics, similarities and differences. Sec
29、ondly, he must have (9) a thorough understanding of the content, artistie features and style of the original and the historical background in which it was written. Thirdly, he must (10) know very well the basle principles and methods of translation and is experienced in practice. The difficulty in t
30、ranslation just lies in the fact that both the content and the style are already existent in the original and as a result, the translator will have to do his best to reproduce them as they are in quite a different language. However great the obstacles are, the translator can do nothing but manage to
31、 overcome them one by one. He must understand the content and style of the original thoroughly and profoundly, and then creatively and accurately reproduce it with the aid of his outstanding art of translation. Sometimes the translator is even forced to produce coinages. Thus it can be seen that the
32、 process of translation is actually a process of re-creation and reproduction. Creation and translation have their respective difficulties and prerequisites. How can we favor one and disfavor the other? In accordance with what we have discussed in the above, now we can come to the following eonclusi
33、ons: Whether a work of translation is good or bad, readable or not, it has nothing to do with translation itself; rather, it depends on the artistic level and technique of the translator. Whoever has a good command of translation both in theory and technique can, of course, offer satisfactory transl
34、ations. It is because, as pointed out at the very“ beginning of this lecture, translation is not only a science with its own laws and methods but also an art of reproduction and re-creation. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 science 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 linguistic equivalence 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 objective laws 【知识模块】
35、 听力 4 【正确答案】 content and style 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 laws 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 methods 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 art 【知识模块 】 听力 8 【正确答案】 recreation 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 understanding 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 principles 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen
36、 carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 10 【听力原文】 W: With me today is Peter Williams from Kingston Universit
37、y. Welcome! Peter. changed to make them more relevant to small businesses. W: Well, I wish you every success with the course. M: Thank you. W: Pete, you have recently done a large research study on training in small businesses. What made you focus on small businesses? After all, most of your experie
38、nce has been with the huge multinational Cleantex. And in fact you did run their training department, didnt you? M: Well, you are partly right. You see, when I joined the university a year ago they wanted me to start a training program for small businesses. Id just sold my own small business, which
39、Id started when I left Cleantex. The 8 years I ran my own business taught me more aboul training than all my years with Cleantex. But I felt I couldnt base a training program on my experience alone. So I decided to do research first. W: And how much training did you find in most small companies. Can
40、 they afford to do much training? M: Well, firstly small businesses are often accused of not doing enough training. But that is the opinion of big businesses of course. Its tree that the government is encouraging small firms to increase their training budgets. Theyre trying to introduce financial as
41、sistance for this. But I have to say I find lots of training going on. (1) The real problem is that most small businesses dont always know how much training theyre providing or how much its actually costing them. W: But surely businesses have budgets and training records. M: Unfortunately most small
42、 companies dont set aside a specific training budget. (2) Its not that they dont want to spend the money but that they operate differently. You see, things change very quickly in small firms and its impossible to predict the training needs. An employee can be moved to a new project very suddenly and
43、 then training has to be organized within days. And most small businesses prefer to use their experienced staff to do any training on the job. W: Did you manage to work out the costs of training? M: Well, it took time to work out the indirect costs. (3) You see, most small business managers dont inc
44、lude these costs in their calculations. Most of them keep records of obvious expenses, like, many expenses like external courses, travel, training manuals, and videos, etc. But not many firms have specific training accounts and they dont include the time managers spend on training, waste of material
45、s, loss of productivity and so on. I spent hours with company accountants t .rying to see where these hidden costs were. W: How much are small firms spending on training? M: More than half of the businesses I surveyed spent at least 1% of their annual salary bill on training. And some of these spent
46、 up to 5% of their pay roll. In fact smaller firms are investing on average over 10% more on training per employee than larger firms. W: How good is that training? M: As I said, small firms usually get an experienced employee to show new staff how to do that job. This can be useful if the person is
47、carefully selected and well-trained himself. But its not really enough. The trainee needs to do the job with the experienced employee on hand for guidance and feedback. This gets trainees much better skills than any packaged courses. W: And has your study helped you plan new courses for small busine
48、sses? M: Definitely. I now understand what they want and how they want it delivered. I now know that small firms were only investing in training if it immediately helped their enterprise. But most formal training focuses on long-term business needs. (4) Most small businesses cant plan far ahead. The
49、y want direct results from training in skills they need now. New technologies and IT skills are identified as a priority by all the firms I surveyed. W: What is the first course the university offer small businesses? M: (5) Up till now most of short courses for companies in general have dealt with helping businesses grow. These arent really appropriate for small companies as growth can be very risky for them. They obviously need to grow but theyre afraid of fast growth. Im going to start with courses on IT and software
