1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 204及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Write a Research Report A standard format will help readers to locate the information they want quickly. It is true tha
3、t some journals deviate from the format, but it is advised to you to follow the standard one. I. Style Use【 T1】 _ to separate each important point, except for the abstract【 T1】_ Use present tense to report background information Use【 T2】 _ tense to report results of an experiment【 T2】 _ II. Title pa
4、ge Informative title Inclusion of name(s)and address(es)of all authors 【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ III. Abstract Focus on the results and major conclusions Provide relevant【 T4】 _ data【 T4】 _ A single and concise paragraph Avoid long introductory or explanatory materials Written in past tense IV.【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ T
5、he overall question Experimental model Experimental design Significance of anticipated results V.【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ Document all of procedures Written in past tense and【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ Presented under headings, not in narrative form Omit background and【 T8】 _ information【 T8】 _ VI. Results Do not include【
6、 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Present data in the form of a【 T10】 _, etc.【 T10】 _ 【 T11】 _ are most preferable【 T11】 _ Data are presented after the method and before the discussion Do not【 T12】 _ in this section【 T12】 _ VII. Discussion Examine each of the hypotheses Make what conclusions you can Explain all of obse
7、rvations Examine the experimental design Think of new【 T13】 _, etc.【 T13】 _ VIII. Literature cited List all literature in【 T14】 _ order by first author【 T14】 _ In a proper paper, use【 T15】 _ literature only【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11
8、【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 Eight Steps to Writing a Great Paper I. Start as soon as possible Usually you have only one week to write a paper Do not【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ II. Learn to research【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ Read the【 T3】 _ of a paragraph【 T3】 _ Move on if it does not interest you Take
9、notes for cross-referencing III.【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ Place note cards in order of【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ The most important information should be given in the beginning Group note cards into similar topics IV. Analyze your subject Display both your research and your【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ You may【 T7】 _ with what scholars
10、say【 T7】 _ Never use “【 T8】 _“ in the paper【 T8】 _ Go into detailed analysis V. Write a rough draft Writing a rough draft will【 T9】 _ your time【 T9】 _ You dont have to write a perfect rough draft Get all your ideas down on the paper VI. Reread, reorganize and rewrite 【 T10】 _your rough draft after a
11、 day or two【 T10】 _ Change things where necessary VII. Learn MLA format Dont commit【 T11】 _【 T11】 _ Document every idea you took from others Use MLA format to【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ VIII. Mission【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ Use a cover sheet with your name, 【 T14】 _, course number, and date【 T14】 _ Use stapling or a(n
12、)【 T15】 _【 T15】 _ 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 204答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While
13、listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to
14、preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 How to Write a Research Report Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about how to write a research report. An objective of organizing a research paper is to allow people to read your work selectively. When I research a topic, I may be interested in
15、 just the methods, a specific result, the interpretation, or perhaps I just want to see a summary of the paper to determine if it is relevant to my study. For most studies, a proper research report includes the following sections, submitted in the order listed, each section to start on a new page. S
16、ome journals request a summary to be placed at the end of the discussion. Some techniques articles include an appendix with equations, formulas, calculations, etc. Some journals deviate from the format, such as by combining results and discussion, or combining everything but the title, abstract, and
17、 literature as is done in the journal Science. Your reports will adhere to the standard format. And I am going to go through some of the basic sections of research papers to give you a sense of what a standard research paper is. First of all, style.1In all sections of your paper, use paragraphs to s
18、eparate each important point except for the abstract, and present your points in logical order. Use present tense to report background that is already established. For example, “the grass is green.“2Always use past tense to describe results of a specific experiment, especially your own. For example,
19、 “When weed killer was applied, the grass was brown.“ Remember present tense for background, and past tense for results. Second, title page. Select an informative title, such as “Role of temperature in determination of the rate of development of Xenopus larvae.“ A title such as “Biology lab“ is not
20、informative.3Include the name(s)and address(es)of all authors, and date submitted. Next, abstract.4Summarize the study, focusing on the results and major conclusions, including relevant quantitative data. It must be a single paragraph, and concise. It should stand on its own, therefore do not refer
21、to any other part of the report, such as a figure or table. Avoid long sections of introductory or explanatory material. As a summary of work done, it is written in past tense. 5Fourthly, introduction Introduce the rationale behind the study, including The overall question and its relevance to scien
22、ce Suitability of the experimental model to the overall question Experimental design and specific hypothesis or objective Significance of the anticipated results to the overall question Include appropriate background information, but please do not write everything you know about the subject. 6Fifthl
23、y, methods and materials. The purpose of this section is to document all of your procedures so that another scientist could reproduce all or part of your work. It is not designed to be a set of instructions.7As awkward as it may seem, it is standard practice to report methods and materials in past t
24、ense, third person passive. Your laboratory notebook should contain all of the details of everything you do in lab, plus any additional information needed in order to complete this section. While it is tempting to report methods in chronological order in a narrative form, it is usually more effectiv
25、e to present them under headings devoted to specific procedures or groups of procedures. Some examples of separate headings are “sources of materials,“ “experiment procedures“, “think aloud protocol,“ and “statistical methods.“ Try to be succinct without sacrificing essential information. Omit any b
26、ackground information or comments. If you must explain why a particular procedure was chosen, do so in the discussion.8Omit information that is irrelevant to a third party. For example, no third party cares what color ice bucket you used, or which individual logged in the data. Report how procedures
27、 were done, not how they were specifically performed on a particular day. Now, about results.9Raw data are never included in a research paper.10Analyze your data, then present the analyzed or converted data in the form of a figure, table, or in narrative form. Present the same data only once in the
28、most effective manner. By presenting converted data, you make your point succinctly and clearly.11Figures are preferable to tables, and tables are preferable to straight text. However, there are times when a figure is inappropriate, or the data come across more clearly if described in narrative form
29、. To give your results continuity, describe the relationship of each section of converted data to the overall study. All converted data go into the body of the report, after the methods and before the discussion. Do not stick graphs or other data onto the back of the report just because you printed
30、or prepared them separately.12Do not draw conclusions in the results section. Reserve data interpretation for the discussion. NO. 7, discussion. Interpret your data in the discussion. Decide if each hypothesis is supported, rejected, or if you cannot make a decision with confidence. Do not simply di
31、smiss a study or part of a study as “inconclusive.“ Make what conclusions you can, then suggest how the experiment must be modified in order to properly test the hypothesis(es). Explain all of your observations as much as possible, focusing on mechanisms. When you refer to information, distinguish d
32、ata generated by your own studies from published information or from information obtained from other students. Decide if the experimental design adequately addressed the hypothesis, and whether or not it was properly controlled. One experiment will not answer an overall question, so keep the big pic
33、ture in mind, where do you go next? The best studies open up new avenues of research.13What questions remain? Did the study lead you to any new questions? Try to think up a new hypothesis and briefly suggest new experiments to further address the main question. Be creative, and dont be afraid to spe
34、culate. Finally, literature cited.14List all literature cited in your report, in alphabetical order, by first author.15In a proper research paper, only primary literature is used. That is original research articles authored by the original investigators. Some of your reports may not require referenc
35、es, and if that is the case simply state “no references were consulted.“ OK. I think I have covered the basic elements of writing a research report. I am sure you will be able to submit a standard and well-structured one in due course. 【知识模块】 听力填空 1 【正确答案】 paragraphs 【试题解析】 本题考查撰写研究报告的第一点 “文体风格 ”。讲座
36、提到，我们要用段落来分开每一个要点。因此，这里填 paragraphs。 【知识模块】 听力填空 2 【正确答案】 past 【试题解析】 本题考查在撰写实验结果的时候用什么时态。讲座提到，在撰写实验结果的时候一定要用过去时。填入 past。此题可根据常识回答。 【知识模块】 听力填空 3 【正确答案】 Date submitted 【试题解析】 本题考查如何写研究报告的扉页，讲座提到要选择能提供有用信息的标题，还要包括所有作者的名字和地址，以及递交日期。因此本题填入 Date submitted。 【知识模块】 听力填空 4 【正确 答案】 quantitative 【试题解析】 本题考查撰
37、写研究报告的第三点 “摘要 ”。讲座提到，我们可以把相关的量化数据放在摘要里面。因此，这里填 quantitative。 【知识模块】 听力填空 5 【正确答案】 Introduction 【试题解析】 本题考查的是撰写论文的第四点。讲座很清楚提到，第四点讲的是引言部分。当然，考生即使记不住，也可以通过题目所给的四个信息点对照笔记进行归纳。这里填 Introduction。 【知识模块】 听力填空 6 【正确答案】 Methods and materials 【试题解析】 讲座的第五点是关于撰写报告研究的方法和材料。注意 method和material要使用名词的复数形式。 【知识模块】 听力
38、填空 7 【正确答案】 third person passive 【试题解析】 本题询问在撰写研究方法和材料的时候除了用过去时，还要用什么语态。讲座提到，标准的做法是要用过去时、第三人称的被动语态。因此，这里填 third person passive。 【知识模块】 听力填空 8 【正确答案】 irrelevant 【试题解析】 本题询问在研究方法和材料这个章节要把什么信息剔除掉。讲座提到，对于第三方无关的信息要剔除。这里填 irrelevant。 【知识模块】 听力填空 9 【正确答案】 raw data 【试题解析】 本题考查研究报告的结果。讲座提到，研究报告论文里面不要包含原始数据，所
39、以本题填入 raw data。 【知识模块】 听力填空 10 【正确答案】 figure/table 【试题解析】 本题询问可以用什么样的方式来呈现数据。题目给了 etc，因此只需填其中一个 即可。讲座中提到三个方面：图表、表格和叙述形式。受题目行文所限，这里只能从图表和表格选其中一个。 【知识模块】 听力填空 11 【正确答案】 Figures 【试题解析】 题目询问何种方式是最佳呈现数据的方式。讲座提到，图表要比表格好，表格要比纯文本叙述好。因此，最佳的是图表，即 Figures。 【知识模块】 听力填空 12 【正确答案】 draw conclusions 【试题解析】 本题继续考查研究
40、报告的结果。录音后面提到，在研究报告的结果部分不要下结论。因此本题填入 draw conclusions。 【知识模块】 听力填空 13 【正确答案】 hypotheses/questions/experiments 【试题解析】 讲座中用问句的方式提到：有什么问题还没有解决 ?研究引出什么新的问题 ?我们要试着想出新的假设并提出新的实验。由于题目有 etc，所以只需从上面三个方面选一个填即可。这里可填 hypotheses或 questions，experiments。 【知识模块】 听力填空 14 【正确答案】 alphabetical 【试题解析】 录音在最后一部分 引用文献中提到，在报
41、告中应列举所有的文献引用，作者的名字以字母序排列。因此本题填入 alphabetical。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【正确答案】 primary 【试题解析】 本题询问，在参考文献部分我们只引用什么文献。讲座提到，对于一篇规范的论文，都只使用原始文献。因此，这里填 primary。 【知识模块】 听力填空 15 【听力原文】 Eight Steps to Writing a Great Paper Good morning, everyone. Welcome all of you to this orientation lecture series. With school deadl
42、ines fast approaching, many college students find themselves stressed to the limit with a barrage of papers to finish in a matter of days. Although there are always those students who seem to be able to pump out paper after paper with seemingly no problem, most will find themselves hard-pressed to w
43、rite something that a professor will really appreciate. Stop worrying. Writing a great paper is all about the formula and content, not some magical talent that few are born with. The process can be broken down into 8 simple steps. Follow these steps, and youll have a great paper every time. 1. Start
44、 as soon as possible. Ideally, a student would receive an assignment and be given a number of weeks with which to write it. As most college students know, however, this is rarely, if ever, the case. Many times professors will assign papers with a weeks notice. First, dont panic. Even if you only hav
45、e a week, that is plenty of time to write a high-quality term paper.1College students are masters of procrastination, and the most important thing to remember is that the sooner you begin, the sooner itll be done, and the process is much less painless on your time than, say, pulling an all-nighter a
46、nd trying to shove some facts onto a page. 2.2Learn to research smartly. Students must make the very best use of their time, so the number of hours spent researching have to be reduced.3Read the first line of a paragraph. If it sounds interesting and useful, keep reading. If not, move on to the next
47、 paragraph. Scholarly papers are organized with a thesis statement being written first and supported later. If you think that you can use the information, write it down on a note card. This makes cross-referencing and source documenting much easier later. Also, it makes for a well-organized paper. 3
48、.4Organize topics. Now that you have all of your note cards ready to organize, the process will start to move more quickly.5Place your note cards out in order of importance. A paper should be written with the most important information given first, going down the line to your weakest statement last. Some would argue that the best information should be given last, but professors tend to disagree. Many professors will place judgment on a paper before theyre even
