1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【 B1】 _ around the world【 B1】 _ B
3、. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【 B2】 _ parties【 B2】 _ the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate presidential candidates D. Americans inevitably become one of the
4、two parties because there is usually no other place to go most Americans know where they【 B3】 _ in the system【 B3】 _ II. Two-party system is so strongly【 B4】 _ because【 B4】 _ A. The way elections are conducted: the Americans elect president about 800,000 of other【 B5】 _,【 B5】 _ the congressman from
5、single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that major party can maintain its【 B6】 _【 B6】 _ major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A. the【 B7】 _ production of majorities【 B7】 _ the competition between two parties the【 B8】 _ of the victory
6、 of the winning party【 B8】 _ B. The peaceful transfer of power. the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power two-party system cannot be destroyed the【 B9】 _ can survive the defeat because of【 B9】 _ a)the possibility of maintaining a monopoly of the opposition b)the attraction of the s
7、upport of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【 B10】 _,【 B10】 _ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 1
8、0 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions
9、. Now listen to the interview. 11 Which is the CORRECT understanding of a librarians life and work? （ A） Few librarians need to have a graduate degree. （ B） Librarians dislike lending popular DVDs to readers. （ C） Librarians are stodgy, boring, and formal. （ D） Librarians should have updated compute
10、r knowledge. 12 Why did Jessica become a librarian instead of a teacher? （ A） Because there were a lot of choices for women. （ B） Because she happened to be offered the chance. （ C） Because being a librarian is a glamour profession. （ D） Because she had lost her teaching credential. 13 What does Jes
11、sica think is the most important part of a librarians work? （ A） Dealing with readers well. （ B） Answering strange questions. （ C） Recommending books to readers. （ D） Helping patrons locate books. 14 What was Jessica fond of reading when she was young? （ A） Classics recommended by the school. （ B） C
12、lassics on which Disney films are based. （ C） Stories about murders and poetry. （ D） Stories restricted by her parents. 15 Which of the following is NOT true about childrens literature today? （ A） Its much more action-oriented. （ B） It has less detailed descriptions. （ C） It tends to have a much fas
13、ter pace. （ D） It has a lot of philosophizing. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Hezbollah launche
14、d the disturbance because （ A） they are supporters of those who are opposed to the government. （ B） at least seven Hezbollah members were killed by the government. （ C） the Hezbollah leader was resentful of the governments suppression. （ D） the government condemned their actions in the Lebanese capi
15、tal. 17 According to David Foley, _ are providing support to Hezbolah. （ A） America and Iran （ B） Syria and Iraq （ C） America and Syria （ D） Syria and Iran 18 According to the news item, how many countries or organizations have offered to help Burma? （ A） 3. （ B） 1. （ C） 4 （ D） 5 19 What is the main
16、 idea of the news item? （ A） Tropical insects might not survive temperature changes. （ B） Insects living in countries at higher attitudes could all die out. （ C） Insects could not adapt themselves to the rising temperatures. （ D） Insects food supplies could be affected by the rising temperatures. 20
17、 Elizabeth has been held captive since （ A） 1972. （ B） 1983. （ C） 1984 （ D） 1978 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 31答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be ma
18、rked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 The American Tw
19、o-party System Good morning, everyone. Today Id like to discuss with you the two-party system in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a centu
20、ry, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world. The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presiden
21、tial candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections. The Democra
22、tic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive organizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. M
23、oreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidentia
24、l election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults. When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In t
25、he United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 4
26、35 districts, one member for each district. Statistically, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices. As it has been clearly show
27、ed that one of the great consequences of the system is that it produces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This
28、is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce majorities is built into the system. In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At
29、the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confide
30、nce in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof. The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party against the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a
31、 result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is. the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously op
32、posed to the party in power. The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later. Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves
33、with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme positions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congre
34、ss and the Republicans control the other? About the same volume of legislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because p
35、arty differences are not fundamental. Finally, to sum up the lecture today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works
36、 as one of the most complete political systems in the world. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 rivalries/competitors 【试题解析】 讲座开篇就提到了美国两党之间的竞争， “是世界上最早的政治竞争 (rivaldes)之一 ”。由此可知答案为 rivalries，或其同义词 competitors。要点提示词 one of后的信息是常考之处，笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 Republican 【试题解析】 在提到 dominant party的时候，讲座人提到了两大政党 “民主党(De
37、mocratic)和共和党 (Republican)”，因此答案为 Republican。录音中多次提及美国两大政党的名称，多次提及之处为常考内容，做笔记时需注意。此题也可根据文化常识直接得出答案。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 belong 【试题解析】 录音提到 “多数美国人知道自己属于 (belong)两党中的哪一派 ”，结合题目可知答案为 belong。 Moreover为表示递进意义的连词，其后内容往往是出题点，应特别注意。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 rooted 【试题解析】 讲座人提到 “两党制是如何能如此坚实地扎根于 (rooted)美国政治中的呢 ”，可知
38、答案为 rooted。讲座人通过问句的形式来引起听众的注意，其后的内容通常比较重要，笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 officials 【试题解析】 在讲到为什么两党制在美国的地位如此稳固时，讲座人提到了两个原因，第一个原因是美国的选举方式， “不仅选举了总统，还选举了很多官员(officials)，大概有 80万 ”。因此答案为 officials。如果笔记中未能记下相关内容，可以分析空格上下的 分项并列内容，判断美国除了总统和国会议员之外，还有其他的政府官员，也可推测答案应为 officials。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 dominant positi
39、on dominance 【试题解析】 讲座人接着提到两党制在美国的地位如此稳固的第二个原因，即House of Representatives的组织方式的保证。其中提到 “选举制度使大党轻而易举地保持着他们的统治地位 (dominant position)”，因此答案应为 dominant position或 dominance。也可以根据常识，美国两大政党占据着重要的地位，推测空白处应填入 dominantposition。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 automatic natural 【试题解析】 录音原文提到两党制产生的结果，其中一个就是 “自动地(automaticall
40、y)产生了多数党 ”。结合题目可知应填入 automatically的形容词automatic，也填入其同义词 natural。 “one of is that ”表达的内容常为出题点，做笔记时要注意。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 exaggeration 【试题解析】 录音原文中提到 “这种制度似乎有些夸大 (exaggerate)获胜党的胜利 ”。结合题目可推知答案为 exaggeration。并列细节信息是常考之处，笔记中时应特别注意。注意填写答案时必须将录音原文中的动词 exaggerate变成名词exaggeration。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 second
41、 major party 【试题解析】 录音原文提到 “第二大党 (second major party)能在失败下继续生存 ”，因此填入 second major party。分析本题所在的分项内容的关键词 defeat和讲座的主题 “两党制 ”也可推测空格处应填入 second major party。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 moderate mild 【试题解析】 录音原文提到 “大党很强大所以倾向于温和 (moderate)”，可知应填入 moderate，或其同义词 mild。表示结果的内容是常考之处，笔记时应注意。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTE
42、RVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the int
43、erview. 11 【听力原文】 M: Next Sunday begins the National Library Week. I love libraries and I thought that in celebration of the occasion it would be great to interview a librarian in a public library. Hi, Jessica. Howre you doing? W: Great. Good to see you. M: My first question is what kind of training
44、 did you need to qualify for the position? W: In most places, you need to have a Master of Library Information Science in order to be a librarian. M: Would you please describe a typical day at work? W: In a public library, that can vary widely from day to day. Most days, I spend a lot of time helpin
45、g people use the public-access computers, and I help patrons locate the books they need. I help students find resources for papers, I help people find new fiction to read, I make displays, teach computer classes, buy the young adult books, do programming, post to the blogs, and I answer strange ques
46、tions. And there are some days where all I do is refill the paper in the printer, explain that no, I will not unblock that porn site, and hand over the latest Consumer Reports. M: What are the biggest misconceptions about librarians? W: That were stodgy, boring, formal. New librarians are just as li
47、kely to have tattoos. Many people dont know that being a librarian requires a graduate degree, and most people dont know that todays librarians are very tech-savvy. M: Did you always want to be a librarian? W: No. In my generation, there were not a lot of choices for women. It opened up to me to wor
48、k in a library while I was getting my teaching credential. I really liked it much better than the teaching, because you have a wider grade range, but its not a glamour profession. You have to really love it, to do it. M: What would you be doing if you werent doing this? W: Id own a bakery or cafe; I
49、 love to bake, and almost went to culinary school. M: How much have libraries changed over the years? When did you enjoy it more, now or back then? W: The work of a librarian today is more technocratic because of the greater availability of information and also because computers takes a bigger part of the librarians work. Personally, I enjoyed more the kind of work we did back then in the old days. M: What do yo
