1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 47及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectu
2、re. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Meaning in Literature In reading literary works, we are concerned with the meaning of one literary pie
3、ce or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature. I. Meaning is what is intended by【 B1】 _.【 B1】 _ Apart from reading an authors work in question, readers need to 1)read【 B2】 _ by the same author;【 B2】 _ 2)get
4、familiar with【 B3】 _ at the time;【 B3】 _ 3)get to know cultural values and symbols of the time. II. Meaning exists in the text itself. 1)some peoples view: meaning is produced by the formal properties of the text like【 B4】 _, etc.【 B4】 _ 2)speakers view: meaning is created by both conventions of mea
5、ning and【 B5】 _.【 B5】 _ Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage. But different time periods and different【 B6】 _ perspectives could lead to different interpretations【 B6】_ of meaning in a text. III. Meaning is created by【 B7】 _【 B7】 _ 1)meaning
6、is【 B8】 _;【 B8】 _ 2)meaning is contextual; 3)meaning requires【 B9】 _;【 B9】 _ - practicing competency in reading - practicing other competencies - background research in【 B10】 _, etc.【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 10 【 B10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directi
7、ons: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Wh
8、ich of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Greens university days? （ A） She felt bored. （ B） She felt lonely. （ C） She cherished them. （ D） The subject was easy. 12 Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment? （ A） Doing surveys at workplace. （ B） Analyzin
9、g survey results. （ C） Designing questionnaires. （ D） Taking a psychology course. 13 According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies in （ A） the nature of work. （ B） office decoration. （ C） office location. （ D） work procedures. 14 Wh
10、y did Miss Green want to leave the advertising agency? （ A） She felt unhappy inside the company. （ B） She felt work there too demanding. （ C） She was denied promotion in the company. （ D） She longed for new opportunities. 15 How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job? （ A） She was
11、 willing and ready. （ B） She sounded mildly eager. （ C） She was a bit surprised. （ D） She sounded very reluctant. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you wil
12、l be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted to （ A） destroy the European Central Bank. （ B） have an interview with a TV station. （ C） circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt. （ D） remember the death of a US astronaut. 17 Which of the followi
13、ng statements about the than is TRUE? （ A） He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt. （ B） He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen. （ C） He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio. （ D） He threatened to land on the European Central Bank. 18 The news is mainly about the city gove
14、rnments plan to （ A） expand and improve the existing subway system. （ B） build underground malls and parking lots. （ C） prevent further land subsidence. （ D） promote advanced technology. 19 According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones is （ A） that it can hear t
15、he owners voice. （ B） that it can remember a password. （ C） that it can identify the owners voice. （ D） that it can remember the owners PIN. 20 The newly developed credit card is said to have all the following EXCEPT （ A） switch. （ B） battery. （ C） speaker. （ D） built-in chip. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 47答案与解析
16、 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is
17、 over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Meaning in Literature Good morning. In todays lecture we shall discuss what meaning is in literary works. When we read
18、 novels, poems, etc. we invariably ask ourselves a question, that is, “What does the writer mean here?“ In other words, we are interested in finding out the meaning. But meaning is a difficult issue in literature. How do we know what a work of literature is supposed to mean? Or what its real meaning
19、 is? Id like to discuss three ways to explain what meaning is. Number One: meaning is what is intended by the author. Number Two: meaning is created by and contained in the text itself and Number Three: meaning is created by the reader. Now lets look at the first approach, that is, meaning is what i
20、s intended by the author. Does a work of literature mean what the author intended to mean? And if so, how can we tell? If all the evidence we have is the text itself and nothing else, we can only guess what ideas the author had according to our understanding of literature and the world. In order to
21、have a better idea of what one particular author means in one of his works, Id suggest that you do the following. First, go to the library and read other works by the same author. Second, get to know something about what sort of meanings seemed to be common in literary works in that particular tradi
22、tion and at that time. In other words, we need to find out what the literary trends were in those days. And last, get to know what were the cultural values and symbols of the time. I guess you can understand the authors meaning much more clearly after you do the related background research. Now lets
23、 move on to the second approach to meaning, that is, meaning is created by and contained in the text itself. Does the meaning exist in the text? Some scholars argue that the formal properties of the text, like grammar, diction, uses of image and so on and so forth, contain and produce the meaning, s
24、o that any educated or competent reader will inevitably come to more or less the same interpretation as any other. As far as I am concerned, the meaning is not only to be found in the literary traditions and grammatical conventions of meaning but also in the cultural codes which have been handed dow
25、n from generation to generation. So when we and other readers including the author as well are said to come up with similar interpretations, that kind of agreement could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage, practice and interpretation. In other words, we have some kind of shared
26、 basis for the same interpretation. But that does not mean that readers agree on the meaning all the time. In different time periods with different cultural perspectives, including class, belief and worldview, readers, I mean, competent readers, can arrive at different interpretations of texts. So m
27、eaning in the text is determined by how readers see it. It is not contained in the text in a fixed way. Now the third approach to meaning, that is, meaning is created by the reader. Does the meaning then exist in the readers response? In a sense, this is inescapable. Meaning exists only insofar as i
28、t means to someone. And literary works are written in order to evoke sets of responses in the reader. This leads us to consider three essential issues. The first is, meaning is social, that is, language and conventions work only as shared meaning. And our way of viewing the world can exist only as s
29、hared or sharable. Similarly when we read a text, we are participating in social or cultural meaning, so response to a piece of literary work is not merely an individual thing, but is part of culture and history. Second, meaning is contextual. If you change the context, you often change the meaning.
30、 And last, meaning requires reader competency. Texts constructed as literature have their own ways of expressions or sometimes we say styles. And the more we know of them, the more we can understand the text Consequently, there is in regard to the question of meaning the matter of reader competency
31、as it is called the experience and knowledge of comprehending literary texts. Your professors might insist that you practice and improve competency in reading and they might also insist that you interpret meaning in the context of the whole work. But you may have to learn other competencies, too. Fo
32、r instance, in reading Mulk Raj Anands The Untouchables, you might have to learn what the social structure of India was like at that time, what traditions of writing were in practice in India in the early 1930s, what political, cultural and personal influences Mulk Raj Anand came under when construc
33、ting the imaginative world of this short novel. OK, you may see that this idea that meaning requires competency in reading, in fact, brings us back to the historically situated understandings of an author and his works, as we mentioned earlier in this lecture: to different conventions and ways of re
34、ading and writing and to the point that meaning requires a negotiation between cultural meanings across time, culture, class etc. As readers you have in fact acquired a good deal of competency already, but you should acquire more. The essential point of this lecture is that meaning in literature is
35、a phenomenon that is not easily located, that meaning is historical, social and derived from the traditions of reading and thinking and understanding of the world that you are educated about. Thank you for your attention. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 the author 【试题解析】 讲座开篇就提到了讲座的主题是 literary works(文学作品 )，在提到解
36、释作品意义是什么的时候，讲座人提到了三种方法，并分别具体论述了这三种方法。第一种是作者的意图 “what is intended by the author”，由此可知答案为 the author。要点提示词 (number one， that is等 )后的信息是常考之处，笔记中不可忽视。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 other works 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “首先，去图书馆阅读同一个作者的其他作品。 ”故此处应填 other works。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 the literary trends 【试题解析】 讲座提到： “第二点，应知道在特定的传统
37、和特定的时代里哪些意义是普遍的，换句话说就是 我们需要找到那个时代的文学趋势。 ”本段话都与要回答的问题相关。但是要在三个词之内来确定答案，所以 the literary trends是最理想的答案。提示词 in other words后的信息是对前部分内容的总结说明，后面的信息是常考之处，应特别注意。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 grammar diction 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “一些学者认为文本的外在形式如语法、措辞、意象的运用等等都包含并产生意义。 ”空格后面有 etc，所以此处可以填写grammar，或 diction， uses of image，或者 gramm
38、ar， diction。此题涉及作品意义的第 2个阐释：意义存在于文本本身。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 the cultural codes 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “对我来说，意义不光来自字词传统和语法惯例，也来自代代相传的文化代码。 ”but为表示转折意义的连词，其后内容往往是出题之处，应特别注意。本题容易漏记，难度较大。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 cultural 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “在不同的时期，采 用不同的文化视角，包括阶级、信仰、世界观和读者，合格的读者也会得到不同的理解。 ”此空所在句义是关于第2个方面作者的总结：由于共同的文化传统和习惯用法
39、，读者对文学作品含义的理解可能一致。但是，不同的历史时期，不同的文化视角会产生不同的理解。应填一个形容词修饰名词 perspectives。另根据此空所在句义可确定 cultural。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 the reader 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “现在要说研究意义的第三种方法，就是认为读者创造意义。 ”短文谈文学作品意义的第 3个方面时，多次提到 “the reader”，本题比较容易。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 social 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “首先，意义是社会性的，也就是说语言和惯例共同作用，才会有意义。 ”应特别注意 first后出现的信
40、息。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 reader competency 【试题解析】 讲座中提到： “And last,meaning requires reader competency ” 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案 】 background information/social structure(s)/literary tradition/political influence(s)/cul-tural influence(s)/personal influence(s) 【试题解析】 根据讲座， “但你还得掌握别的能力。比如当你在阅读 Mulk Raj Anand的
41、不可触摸的时，你可能要了解那时候印度的社会结构， 20世纪 30年代所盛行的写作惯例， Mulk Raj Anand在建构他的短篇小说的想象世 界时候所受到的政治的、文化的个人的影响。 ”可以看出，要理解文学的含义要对文学作品的背景知识有所掌握。所以，答案可以概括为 background information。或者考生可以选择答 social structure(s)， literarytraditions， political influence， cultural influence(s)， personal influence(s)都可以。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B IN
42、TERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the i
43、nterview. 11 【听力原文】 M: Well, I see from your resume, Miss Green, that you studied at University College. How did you find it there? W: I had a great time. The teaching there was good and I made a lot of friends. The Psychology Department was a great place to be. M: How come you chose psychology? W:
44、Well, at first I didnt have any clear idea of what I wanted to do after university. I guess Ive just always been interested in people and the way they act. I wanted to know why people think and act the way they do. Its a fascinating area. M: And what was the course like? W: Good. The teachers were a
45、ll really nice and they had this special approach to teaching. You know they didnt just give us lectures and tell us to read books like they might do in some more traditional places. The whole course was based on a problem-solving approach. You know theyd describe a particular situation to us and we
46、d discuss what might happen. And after that we do some reading and see if it confirmed our own ideas. That is what I liked best: the really practical orientation of the course. I learnt very well with that style, so for me it was just great. M: I see from your resume that you graduated about four ye
47、ars ago and after that let me see. W: I got a job with the Department of Employment. It was only a temporary thing for about five months. I was a researcher in the department. We design a survey, go out to the factories and ask all the questions to the workers and the management, then go back to the
48、 office, analyze all the data and produce a report. It was quite interesting and I guess the psychology course at college helped me a lot. M: And after that you worked for three years in an advertising agency. That must have been a bit of change from the Department of Employment, wasnt it? W: Well,
49、not really. I suppose the office furnishings were a bit more sophisticated but the work was quite similar. I was basically still doing the same thing: designing questionnaires, going out, asking questions and writing reports. The only difference was that this time I wasnt asking people about their work. I was asking them what kind of shampoo theyd bought and if they preferred brand X to brand Y. Then Id make up a report and the
