1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lectur
2、e. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Effective Note-taking The difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of ability due
3、to the 【 B1】 _ of spoken language. 【 B1】 _ I. Before taking notes: A. Be sure of the 【 B2】 _ of yours and the speakers. 【 B2】 _ B. Review relevant background materials if available. II. While taking notes: A. Understand the new words by 【 B3】 _ the meanings from the context. 【 B3】_ B. Study carefull
4、y the 【 B4】 _, which usually implies 【 B4】 _ the most important information C. Catch the speakers 【 B5】 _ through tone, gesture, repetition and 【 B5】_ illustration on the board. D. Pay attention to the speakers indirect signals to indicate what is important, like changes in speed, volume or 【 B6】 _.
5、 【 B6】 _ E. While writing down the main points, develop a system of mechanics: jotting down words or phrases; using shorthand, abbreviations and symbols; leaving out 【 B7】 _ words. 【 B7】 _ F. While selecting words to write down, pick those having the 【 B8】 _ 【 B8】_ information, like nouns, verbs or
6、adjectives, and those indicating the proceeding direction of the lecture, like 【 B9】 _. 【 B9】 _ III. After taking notes: A. Review and reword them as soon as possible. B. 【 B10】 _ notes with others to learn from them. 【 B10】 _ 1 【 B1】 2 【 B2】 3 【 B3】 4 【 B4】 5 【 B5】 6 【 B6】 7 【 B7】 8 【 B8】 9 【 B9】 1
7、0 【 B10】 10 The Skills Required to Get a Job I. Academic skills: basic foundation 1. Communication skills Understand and speak the languages in 【 B1】 _ 【 B1】 _ Be a good listener Read written materials 【 B2】 _ 【 B2】 _ 2. Thinking skills Think 【 B3】 _ and act logically 【 B3】 _ e.g. technology, physic
8、al science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, etc. 3. Learning skills e.g. learn to use some new software after a few tutorials II. Personal 【 B4】 _ skills: combination of attitudes, skills and behaviors 【 B4】_ 1. Positive attitudes and behaviors Have good self-esteem and confidence Be hones
9、t, have integrity and 【 B5】 _ 【 B5】 _ Have positive attitudes toward work, learning, etc. Be energetic and 【 B6】 _ 【 B6】 _ 2. Responsibility Set goals and priorities Plan and manage time, money, etc. 3. Adaptability Have a positive attitude toward 【 B7】 _ in the job 【 B7】 _ III. Teamwork skills: ski
10、lls to work with others co-operatively 1. Importance of teamwork Bring more resources to the problem situation Be more 【 B8】 _and morale boosting than individual work 【 B8】 _ 2. How to improve teamwork skills Involved in the group Be 【 B9】 _ and listen to others 【 B9】 _ Be a leader rather than a(n)
11、【 B10】 _ 【 B10】 _ 11 【 B1】 12 【 B2】 13 【 B3】 14 【 B4】 15 【 B5】 16 【 B6】 17 【 B7】 18 【 B8】 19 【 B9】 20 【 B10】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 6答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points
12、. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-takin
13、g. 0 【听力原文】 Effective Note-taking Good morning, everyone! Today Id like to continue our series of talks about study skills in university. This morning Im going to discuss how to take notes effectively. 1As we all know, note-taking is difficult since spoken language is more diffuse than written langu
14、age and its organization is not immediately apparent. In addition, spoken language is quickly gone, which makes analysis difficult. So it can be seen that to achieve such a complex task as note-taking, a high level of ability in many separate skills is required. Now lets discuss these skills in deta
15、ils. Before taking notes, prepare yourself mentally. 2Be sure of your purpose and the speakers purpose. Review your notes and other background material if available because increased knowledge results in increased interest. Besides, a clear sense of purpose on your part will make the speakers conten
16、t more relevant. Be ready to understand and remember. Anticipate what is to come, and later evaluate how well you were able to do this. While taking notes, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check
17、an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non-native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often he may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straightaway in print. Hell also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. 3While he should, of co
18、urse, try to develop the ability to infer their meanings from the context, he wont always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to discourage him, however. It is often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most im
19、portant. But how does the student decide what is important? It is, in fact, the second skill I want to talk about today. 4Probably the most important piece of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed beforehand, the student should study it carefully and make sure he is in no
20、doubt about its meaning. Whatever happens he should make sure that he writes it down accurately and completely. A title often implies many of the major points that will later be covered in the lecture itself. 5Be alert to the speakers emphasis through tone, gesture, repetition and illustration on th
21、e board. A good lecturer, of course, often signals what is important or unimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, for example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it down. It is worth remembering that most lect
22、urers also give indirect signals to indicate what is important. 6They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important. Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within
23、 a narrow range of intonation and with short or infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the student to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly. Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to wri
24、te them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. 7In order to write at speed, try to develop a suitable system of mechanics: jot down words or phrases, not entire sentences; develop some system of shorthand and be consistent in its use; leave out small service words; use contractions, abbrev
25、iations and symbols. Most students find it helpful to abbreviate. 8They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to
26、read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, finding time to write the notes. If a student chooses the wrong moment to write, he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or connectives may guide him to a correct choice here. 9Those connectives which indicate that the argum
27、ent is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it is a safe time to write. “Moreover”, “furthermore”, “also”, etc., are examples of this. Connectives such as “however”, “on the other hand” or “nevertheless” usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to fol
28、low. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen. After taking notes, review and reword them as soon as possible. Dont just recopy or type without thought. Reminiscing may provide forgotten material later. Rewrite incomplete parts in greater detail. Fill in gaps as you remem
29、ber points heard but not recorded. 10Arrange with another student to compare notes. Sharpen your note-taking technique by looking at other students notes. How are they better than your own? How are your notes superior? Compare the information in your notes with your own experience. Dont swallow ever
30、ything uncritically. Dont reject what seems strange or incorrect. Check it out. Be willing to hold some seeming inconsistencies in your mind over a period of time. Make meaningful associations. Memorize that which must be memorized. OK. In todays lecture, weve discussed several skills that can help
31、one in taking notes effectively. In our next lecture, well explore how to read effectively. 【知识模块】 听力讲 座 1 【正确答案】 diffusion 【知识模块】 听力讲座 2 【正确答案】 purpose(s) 【知识模块】 听力讲座 3 【正确答案】 inferring 【知识模块】 听力讲座 4 【正确答案】 title 【知识模块】 听力讲座 5 【正确答案】 emphasis 【知识模块】 听力讲座 6 【正确答案】 intonation 【知识模块】 听力讲座 7 【正确答案】 sma
32、ll service 【知识模块】 听力讲座 8 【正确答案】 maximum 【知识模块】 听力讲座 9 【正确答案】 connectives / connecting words 【知识模块】 听力讲座 10 【正确答案】 Compare 【知识模块】 听力讲座 10 【听力原文】 The Skills Required to Get a Job Good morning, everyone. In todays lecture, I will talk about the skills required to get a good job. Well, it is true that n
33、ow competition for employment is more so than ever. So it begs the obvious question, how do you stand out? There will be three main points I will be discussing. They are academic, personal management, and teamwork skills. I will give you examples of these skills, and reasons why these skills are imp
34、ortant for you to get a job. First of all, academic skills. Academic skills are probably the most important skill you will need to get a job. It is one of the or the first thing an employer looks for in an employee. They are skills which give you the basic foundation to acquire, hold on to, and adva
35、nce in a job, and to achieve the best results. Academic skills can be further divided into three sub-groups: communication, thinking, and learning skills. 1Communication skills require you to understand and speak the languages in which business is conducted. You must be a good listener, and be able
36、to understand things easily. One of the most important communicating skills should be reading. You should be able to comprehend and use written materials including things such as graphs, charts, and displays. One of the newest things we can add to communicating skills would be the Internet, since it
37、 is so widely used all around the world, 2and hence you should have a good understanding of what it is and how to use it. Then, thinking skills. 3Thinking critically and acting logically to evaluate situations will get you far in your job. Thinking skills consist of things such as solving mathematic
38、al problems, using new technology, instruments, tools, and information systems effectively. Some examples of these would be technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, and much more. After that, learning is very important for any job. For example, if your company gets som
39、e new software, you must be able to learn how to use it quickly and effectively after a few tutorials. You must continue doing this for the rest of your career. It is one thing that will always be useful in any situation, not just jobs. The second major job skill I want to discuss is management skil
40、ls. 4Personal management skill is the combination of attitudes, skills, and behaviors required to get, keep, and progress on a job and to achieve the best results. Personal management skills can be further divided into three sub-groups just as academic skills, which are positive attitudes and behavi
41、ors, responsibility, and adaptability. Positive attitudes and behaviors are also very important to keep a job. You must have good self-esteem and confidence in yourself. 5You must be honest, have integrity, and personal ethics. You must show your employer you are happy at what you are doing and have
42、 positive attitudes toward learning, growth, and personal health. 6Show energy and persistence to get the job done, these can help you to get promoted or a raise. Responsibility and adaptability are also essential. Responsibility is the ability to set goals and priorities in work and personal life.
43、It is the ability to plan and manage time, money, and other resources to achieve goals, and accountability for actions taken. 7While adaptability means having a positive attitude toward changes in your job, and recognition of respect for peoples diversity and individual differences. Creativity is al
44、so important. You must have the ability to identify and suggest new ideas to get the job done. Last but not least, I want to emphasize teamwork skills. 8Employers now focus on employees teamwork skills simply because teams can bring more talent, experience, knowledge and skill to the problem situati
45、on and teamwork can be more satisfying and morale boosting for people than working alone. There are two reasons. First, team recommendations are more likely to be carried out than recommendations by an individual because people are more willing to support an effort that they have helped to develop.
46、Second, teams can react to a variety of problems that are beyond the technical competence of an individual, since teams can be composed of individuals cross department and division lines. Teamwork skills are those skills needed to work with others co-operatively on a job and to achieve the best resu
47、lts. You should show your employer youre able to work with others, understand and contribute to the organizations goals. Involve yourself in the group, make good decisions with others and support the outcomes. 9Dont be narrow-minded, listen to what others have to say and give your thoughts toward th
48、eir comments. 10Be a leader not a loner in the group. In conclusion, I would like to say that all these skills I have discussed are critical to getting and keeping a job and to achieve the best results possible for you. Of these skills though academic skills would be the most important skills you will learn, I think. So if you keep at these skills you will be happy with what you are doing unlike a lot of people who are forced to get jobs that they do not like. After you get a desirable job, here co
