1、专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the f
2、ollowing way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 0 The nature of language is the nature of human thought and human action, for l
3、anguage is no more nor less than the tool of both of these aspects of human nature. A word is either the shadow of an act or of an idea. Verbal sounds have no meaning themselves. They【 M1】 _ are the channels, the medium for the expression or communication of【 M2】 _ that which lay outside of themselv
4、es. Plato has made clear to us how【 M3】 _ easy it is to deceive ourselves with words, to labor under an impression that just because we can utter a sound we also necessarily know that we are talking about Words may be empty vessels and pour out【 M4】 _ no more than hollow sounds. We find it simple to
5、 define some words and extremely difficult to define others words. The reason is that the【 M5】 _ definition of a word is the experience of records. Hence the definiteness【 M6】 _ of a definition of a word is in proportion at the vividness of the【 M7】 _ experience, its meaning. We readily define chair
6、 because of our frequent experience with the object which the sound is a symbol.【 M8】 _ We define it in terms of our experience like an object to sit ia But a【 M9】 _ definition of terms like “truth“, or “virtue“, or “honesty“, or “beauty“ is a most severe trial because of the haziness or complete la
7、ck for【 M10】 _ experiences of this nature. What, then, is the source of the meaning of words? What is the relationship between words, things, and actions? 1 【 M1】 2 【 M2】 3 【 M3】 4 【 M4】 5 【 M5】 6 【 M6】 7 【 M7】 8 【 M8】 9 【 M9】 10 【 M10】 10 According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded
8、by Heracles, a son of Zeus. Yet the first Olympic Games for which we still have written records was held in 776 BC. At this Olympic Games, a naked runner, Coroebus a cooker from Elis, won the sole【 M1】 _ event at the Olympics, the stade a run of approximate 192 meters.【 M2】 _ This made Coroebus the
9、very first Olympic champion in history. The ancient Olympic Games grew and continued to be played every four years for nearly 1200 years. In 393 BC, the Roman emperor abolished the Games because their pagan influences. Approximately 1500 years【 M3】 _ later, a young Frenchman named Pierre de Couberti
10、n began their revival. Coubertins attempt to get France interested in sports was met with【 M4】 _ enthusiasm at first. Still, Coubertin persisted. In 1890, he organized and found a sports organization, Union des Societes Francaises de【 M5】 _ Sports Athl6tiques(USFSA). Two years later, Coubertin first
11、 pitched his idea to revive the Olympic Games. At a meeting of the Union des Sports Athl6tiques in Paris in November 25, 1892, Coubertin made【 M6】 _ a speech and eloquently spoken of the revival of the Olympic Games.【 M7】 _ This time, he aroused up interest. The delegates at the conference【 M8】 _ vo
12、ted unanimously for the Olympic Games and also decided to have Coubertin constructed an international committee to organize the【 M9】 _ Games. This committee became the International Olympic Committee and Demetrious Vikelas in Greece was selected to be their first【 M10】 _ president Athens was chosen
13、for the revival of the Olympic Games and the planning was begun. 11 【 M1】 12 【 M2】 13 【 M3】 14 【 M4】 15 【 M5】 16 【 M6】 17 【 M7】 18 【 M8】 19 【 M9】 20 【 M10】 20 What will be the impact of a global computer network on cultural forms? The construction of exclusive information societies has restarted【 M1
14、】 _ the debate about cultural diversity by renewing the common perception and evolution of this elusive term We shall focus on the meaning of the two words “diversity“ and “culture“. Diversity is often perceived as disparity, variation, singularity, that is, the opposite of uniformity and【 M2】 _ hom
15、ogeneity. In its first and literal sense, cultural diversity then refers quite simply the multiplicity of cultures or cultural identities. This【 M3】 _ vision has now been replaced, though As for many experts “diversity“ is not so much defined in opposite to “homogeneity“. It is synonymous【 M4】 _ wit
16、h dialogue and sharing values. In fact, the concept of cultural【 M5】 _ diversity, like that of biodiversity, goes on further, because it considers【 M6】 _ the multiplicity of cultures in a systemic perspective when each culture【 M7】 _ develops and evolves through contact with other cultures. As to cu
17、lture, it draws its origins from the Latin word “cultura“, that indicated the【 M8】 _ cultivation of fields and cattle. In the sixteenth century it acquires the meaning of the action of cultivating, or formation, which is at the【 M9】 _ source of the sense it is given today. So, culture has then come
18、to mean that whole complexity of meanings, values and beliefs that determine【 M10】 _ how we do things and how we structure our ways of thinking. 21 【 M1】 22 【 M2】 23 【 M3】 24 【 M4】 25 【 M5】 26 【 M6】 27 【 M7】 28 【 M8】 29 【 M9】 30 【 M10】 30 The popular notion about marriage and love is that they are s
19、ynonymous, that they spring from the same motives, and cover the same human needs. Therefore, like most popular notions this also【 M1】 _ rests not on actual facts, but on superstition. It is utterly false that love results from marriage. On rare occasions one does hear a【 M2】 _ miraculous case of a
20、married couple falling in love after marriage, but on close examination it will be found that it is a merely adjustment to【 M3】 _ the inevitable. Certainly the growing used to each other is far away from the spontaneity, the intensity, and beauty of love, without which the intimacy of marriage must
21、prove degrading to both the woman and the man. Marriage is primarily an economical arrangement, an【 M4】 _ insurance pact. It differs from the ordinary life insurance agreement only in that it is more binding, more exacting. Its returns are significantly small compared with the investments. In taking
22、 out an【 M5】 _ insurance policy one pays for it with dollars and cents, always【 M6】 _ in liberty to discontinue payments. If, however, womans premium is【 M7】 _ a husband, she pays for it with her name, her privacy, her self-respect, her very life, “until death doth part“. Moreover, the marriage insu
23、rance condemns her to life-long independency, to parasitism, to【 M8】 _ complete uselessness, individually as long as socially. Man, too, pays【 M9】 _ his toll, but as his sphere is wider, marriage does not limit him as much as to woman. He feels his chains more in an economic sense.【 M10】 _ 31 【 M1】
24、32 【 M2】 33 【 M3】 34 【 M4】 35 【 M5】 36 【 M6】 37 【 M7】 38 【 M8】 39 【 M9】 40 【 M10】 40 To understand the marketing concept, its only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the effective【 M1】 _ production o
25、f goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the need of the seller to produce goods and then convert【 M2】 _ them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It firstly begins
26、 at analyzing the preferences and【 M3】 _ demands of consumers and then producing goods mat will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and
27、dealers first endeavor to find what the consumer wants to【 M4】 _ buy and then go around making it available for purchase.【 M5】 _ This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction should be given priority by profit. There are【 M6】 _ always two sides to every busine
28、ss transaction the firm and the customer and each must be satisfied after trade occurs. Successful【 M7】 _ merchants and producers recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering consumers. A striking【 M8】 _ example of the importance of understanding the consumer was【
29、M9】 _ presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The nonacceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketing alongside the new.【 M10】 _ 41 【 M1】 42 【 M2】 43 【 M3】 44 【 M
30、4】 45 【 M5】 46 【 M6】 47 【 M7】 48 【 M8】 49 【 M9】 50 【 M10】 专业英语八级(改错)模拟试卷 87答案与解析 一、 PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved.
31、 You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ “ sign and write t 【知识模块】 改错 1 【正确答案】 the
32、mselvesin 【试题解析】 词汇错误。本句意为 “话语本身没有意义 ”应使用 “have no meaning in” 的用法。 【知识模块】 改错 2 【正确答案】 mediummedia 【试题解析】 词汇错误。由前面的 channels可知,此处的 “媒介 ”一词应用复数 ,而 medium的复数形式为 media,属不规则变化。 【知识模块】 改错 3 【正确答案】 laylies 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 lay本身为及物动词,意为 “放置 ”。同时, lay也是不及物动词 lie(平躺、位于 )的过去式。由本句时态和句意推知,此处应用 lie(位于 )的第三人称单
33、数形式 lies。 【知识模块】 改错 4 【正确答案】 thatwhat 【试题解析】 语法错误。根据上文可推知此句大意为 “我们发出声音时,必须清楚自己在说什么 ”,而 that是一个单 纯引导宾语从句的连词,并不涉及内容,因此需用 what引导,相当于 all that。 【知识模块】 改错 5 【正确答案】 words 去掉 words 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 others本身是表示复数概念的代词,是 other的复数形式,在本句中 others=other words,所以 words是多余的,应删去。如果把 others改为 other,则 other words与前面的 som
34、e words稍显重复,所以用 others最好。 【知识模块】 改错 6 【正确答案】 experience ofexperience it 【试题解析】 语篇错误。根据上下文可推知,此句意为 “一个词语的定义是这个词语所记录下来的其自身经历。 ”因此, record一词应为动词作谓语,其主语是it(代替前面的 a word); experience与 record之间应为动宾关系,不存在所属关系。 【知识模块】 改错 7 【正确答案】 atto 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 in proportion to是固定搭配,意为 “与 成比例 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 8 【正确答案】 whicho
35、f 【试题解析】 语法错误。先行词 object与后面定语从句的关系应为 the sound is a symbolof the object,所以关系代词 which前要加 of。 【知识模块】 改错 9 【正确答案】 likeas 【试题解析】 词汇错误。根据句意,表示 “将 定义为 ” 应用短语define as. 【知识模块】 改错 10 【正确答案】 forof 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 lack of和 lack for都可表示 “缺乏,短缺 ”,但前者为名词性短语, lack用作名词;后者为动词性短语, lack用作动词。由前面相接的 because of短语可知,此
36、处应用名词性短语 lack of。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 11 【正确答案】 cookercook 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 cooker指 “厨具 ”,而 cook指 “厨师 ”,两词极易混淆。此处指人,应为 cook。 【知识模块】 改错 12 【正确答案】 approximateapproximately 【试题解析】 词汇 错误,词性误用。此处 approximate不只是修饰名词 meters,而是修饰 192 meters,意思是 “大约,接近 ”,所以须用其副词形式approximately。 【知识模块】 改错 13 【正确答案】 theirof
37、【试题解析】 语法错误。此处 because后面接的是名词词组,因此需加介词 of。 【知识模块】 改错 14 【正确答案】 metnot 【试题解析】 语篇错误。由下文的 “Still, Coubertin persisted”可知, Coubertin的努力一开始并未引起法国的兴趣,因此应加上 not。 【知识模块】 改错 15 【正确答案】 foundfounded 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 found既可用作 find(发现 )的过去式,但其本身又是一个及物动词,表示 “创建,建立 ”之义,其过去式为 founded。根据文章内容,此处应取其 “创建 ”之义,并用其过去式
38、founded。 【知识模块】 改错 16 【正确答案】 in Novemberon November 【试题解析】 词汇错误。在英语中,当表示时间的 名词为 “年或月 ”时,与之搭配的介词用 in;当表示时间的名词为 “具体的某日 ”时,与之搭配的介词用 on。此处“November 25”表示确定的一天,所以应用介词 on。 【知识模块】 改错 17 【正确答案】 spokenspoke 【试题解析】 语法错误。 spoken为 speak的过去分词,常可用作形容词,表示“口头的,口语的 ”。而此处需用动词 speak的过去式形式,故应为 spoke。 【知识模块】 改错 18 【正确答案
39、】 up 去掉 up 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 arouse在此处意为 “引起、唤起 ”,本身为及物动词,后面可直接跟名词 interest作宾语,故应删除 up。 【知识模块】 改错 19 【正确答案】 constructedconstruct 【试题解析】 语法错误。表示 “让某人做某事 ”应为 have sb do sth,所以此处用 construct的原形,不用其过去式。 【知识模块】 改错 20 【正确答案】 theirits 【试题解析】 词汇错误,指代有误。本句意为 “Demetrious Vikelas被选为国际奥委会的第一任 主席 ”。国际奥委会作为一个机构,应为单数概念,
40、所以要用 its而非 their。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 21 【正确答案】 exclusiveinclusive 【试题解析】 语篇错误。由下文的中心词 cultural diversity(文化多元性 )可推知所构建的信息社会应是 “包容性的 (inclusive)”而非 “排他性的 (exclusive)”。 【知识模块】 改错 22 【正确答案】 singularityplurality 【试题解析】 语篇错误 。此句中 diversity, disparity, variation为同义词,均表示 “多元性,多样性,差异性 ”之义。所以 singularity应改为
41、其反义词 plurality,这样才不致于与前文矛盾。 【知识模块】 改错 23 【正确答案】 theto 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 refer to为固定搭配,表示 “意指 ,与 有关 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 24 【正确答案】 oppositeopposition 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 in opposition to是固 定短语,意思是 “与 相反,与 相对 ”。所以 opposite应改为 opposition。 【知识模块】 改错 25 【正确答案】 sharingshared 【试题解析】 语法错误。此处 share应用其过去分词形式 shared,修饰 value,构成名词
42、短语 shared value,意思是 “共享的价值观,分享的价值观 ”,与前面的dialogue并列。 【知识模块】 改错 26 【正确答案】 on 去掉 on 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 go further指 “更进一步,进一步发展 ”,而 go on意为“继续 ”,无 go on further这一用法,根据文意应去掉 on。 【知识模块】 改错 27 【正确答案】 whenwhere 【试题解析】 语法错误。根据先行词 perspective可知,此处关系副词应为相当于 fromwhich的 where,而非表示时间的 when。 【知识模块】 改错 28 【正确答案】 thatwhi
43、ch 【试题解析】 语法错误。此句为非限定性定语从句,故应用 which引导。 【知识模块】 改错 29 【正确答案】 formationforming 【试题解析】 词汇错误。从 action(行为,行动 )一词可知, of后应接动名词而非名词,突出 form(形成 )一词的动作性,同时也可以与前面的动名词 cultivating保持一致。 【知识模块】 改错 30 【正确答案】 complexitycomplex 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 complex用作名词时表示 “合成体,合成物 ”之义,而complexity意为 “复杂性 ”。根据下文,应采用 complex。 【知识模块】 改错
44、 【知识模块】 改错 31 【正确答案】 ThereforeHowever 【试题解析】 语篇错误。由下文 “这种观点不是基于现实,而是基于迷信 ”可知,此句与上句为转折关系,而非因果关系,所以应用 However。 【知识模块】 改错 32 【正确答案】 aof 【试题解析】 词汇错误。此处欲表示 “听说某事 ”而不是 “听见某事 ”,所以应用hearof。 【知识模块】 改错 33 【正确答案】 merelymere 【试题解析】 词汇错误。当置于冠词之后、名词之前,应该用形容词 mere来修饰名词 adjustment。 【知识模块】 改错 34 【正确答案】 economicaleco
45、nomic 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 economic意为 “经济上的;经济学的 ”,而 economical则表示 “节省的;实惠的 ”之义。此句指 “婚姻首先是一种经济上的安排或投保协议 ”,所以应用 economic。 【知识模块】 改错 35 【正确答案】 significantlyinsignificantly 【试题解析】 语篇错误。根据下文列出的女人对婚姻的种 种付出可知,婚姻所带来的回报显然无法与投入相比,所以此处应用 insignificantly。 【知识模块】 改错 36 【正确答案】 within 【试题解析】 词汇错误。表示 “以 支付 ” 用短语 pay
46、 for sth in ,如pay forhis service in cash(用现金支付他的服务费 )。 【知识模块】 改错 37 【正确答案】 inat 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 be at liberty to do 为固定搭配,表示 “被允许做 ,可随意做 ” 。 【知识模块】 改错 38 【正确答案】 independencydependency 【试题解析】 语篇错误。根据后文的 parasitism(寄生状态 )可推知,女人婚后陷入的是一种依赖别人的境况,而非独立状态。因此, independency应改为dependency。 【知识模块】 改错 39 【正确答案】 long
47、well 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 as long as表示 “只要 ”,根据句意,本句应用 as well as“也 ”,意为 “妇女婚后在个人和社交方面都失去了独立 性 ”。 【知识模块】 改错 40 【正确答案】 to 去掉 to 【试题解析】 词汇错误。此句的完整形式应为 marriage does not limit him as muchas it limits woman, limit为及物动词,其后不需加介词 to,所以应去掉。 【知识模块】 改错 【知识模块】 改错 41 【正确答案】 effectiveefficient 【试题解析】 词汇错误,易混词误用。 effecti
48、ve意为 “有效的 ”,而 efficient意为“效率高的 ”,符合句意。 【知识模块】 改错 42 【正确答案】 needneeds 【试题解析】 词汇错误。这里 need是可数名词,意为 “销售者的需求 ”,须用复数形式。 【知识模块】 改错 43 【正确答案】 atwith 【试题解析】 词汇错误。此处的意思应该是 “以 开始 ”,所以应该用 begin with。 【知识模块】 改错 44 【正确答案】 whatout 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 find表示 “发现具体物品或人 ”, find out指 “发现 (某种现象 )”, “搞清 (某种情况 )”,据此,应在 find后添加 out。 【知识模块】 改错 45 【正确答案】 aroundabout 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 go about sth doing sth意为 “开始做某事,处理某事物,着手于某事物 ”,符合句意;而 go around(四处走动;绕道走 )则不合句意。 【知识模块】 改错 46 【正确答案】 byover 【试题解析】 词汇错误。 give priority over是固定短语,意为“给 优先于 的权