1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 170及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) H
2、e had allowed her to free herself; and in a minute or two the milking of each was resumed. Nobody had beheld the gravitation of the two into one; and when the dairyman came round by that screened nook a few minutes later there was not a sign to reveal that the markedly sundered pair were more to eac
3、h other than mere acquaintance. Yet in the interval since Cricks last view of them something had occurred which changed the pivot of the universe for their two natures; something which, had he known its quality, the dairyman would have despised, as a practical man; yet which was based upon a more st
4、ubborn and resistless tendency than a whole heap of so-called practicalities. A veil had been whisked aside; the tract of each ones outlook was to have a new horizon thenceforward for a short time or for a long. (2) Clare, restless, went out into the dusk when evening drew on, she who had won him ha
5、ving retired to her chamber. (3) The night was as sultry as the day. There was no coolness after dark unless on the grass. Roads, garden-paths, the house-fronts, the barton-walls were warm as hearths, and reflected the noontide temperature into the noctambulists (梦游者 ) face. (4) He sat on the east g
6、ate of the dairy-yard, and knew not what to think of himself. Feeling had indeed smothered judgment that day. (5) Since the sudden embrace, three hours before, the twain had kept apart. She seemed stilled, almost alarmed, at what had occurred, while the novelty, unpremeditation, mastery of circumsta
7、nce disquieted him palpitating, contemplative being that he was. He could hardly realize their true relations to each other as yet, and what their mutual bearing should be before third parties thenceforward. (6) Angel had come as pupil to this dairy in the idea that his temporary existence here was
8、to be the merest episode in his life, soon passed through and early forgotten; he had come as to a place from which as from a screened alcove (凹室 ) he could calmly view the absorbing world without, and, apostrophizing it with Walt Whitman Crowds of men and women attired in the usual costumes, how cu
9、rious you are to me! resolve upon a plan for plunging into that world anew. But, behold, the absorbing scene had been imported hither. What had been the engrossing world had dissolved into an uninteresting outer dumb-show; while here, in this apparently dim and un-impassioned place, novelty had volc
10、anically started up, as it had never, for him, started up elsewhere. (7) Every window of the house being open Clare could hear across the yard each trivial sound of the retiring household. That dairy-house, so humble, so insignificant, so purely to him a place of constrained sojourn (逗留 ) that he ha
11、d never hitherto deemed it of sufficient importance to be reconnoitred as an object of any quality whatever in the landscape; what was it now? The aged and lichened (长满苔藓的 ) brick gables breathed forth “Stay!“ The windows smiled, the door coaxed and beckoned, the creeper blushed confederacy. A perso
12、nality within it was so far-reaching in her influence as to spread into and make the bricks, mortar, and whole overhanging sky throb with a burning sensibility. Whose was this mighty personality? A milkmaids. (8) It was amazing, indeed, to find how great a matter the life of the obscure dairy had be
13、come to him. And though new love was to be held partly responsible for this it was not solely so. Many besides Angel have learnt that the magnitude of lives is not as to their external displacements, but as to their subjective experiences. The impressionable peasant leads a larger, fuller, more dram
14、atic life than the pachydermatous king. Looking at it thus he found that life was to be seen of the same magnitude here as elsewhere. (9) Despite his heterodoxy (异端邪说 ), faults, and weaknesses, Clare was a man with a conscience. Tess was no insignificant creature to toy with and dismiss; but a woman
15、 living her precious life a life which, to herself who endured or enjoyed it, possessed as great a dimension as the life of the mightiest to himself. Upon her sensations the whole world depended to Tess; through her existence all her fellow-creatures existed, to her. The universe itself only came in
16、to being for Tess on the particular day in the particular year in which she was born. (10) This consciousness upon which he had intruded was the single opportunity of existence ever vouchsafed (赐予 ) to Tess by an unsympathetic First Cause (造物主 )her all; her every and only chance. How then should he
17、look upon her as of less consequence than himself; as a pretty trifle to caress and grow weary of; and not deal in the greatest seriousness with the affection which he knew that he had awakened in her so fervid and so impressionable as she was under her reserve; in order that it might not agonize an
18、d wreck her? (11) To encounter her daily in the accustomed manner would be to develop what had begun. Living in such close relations, to meet meant to fall into endearment (爱抚 ); flesh and blood could not resist it; and, having arrived at no conclusion as to the issue of such a tendency, he decided
19、to hold aloof for the present from occupations in which they would be mutually engaged. As yet the harm done was small. But it was not easy to carry out the resolution never to approach her. He was driven towards her by every heave of his pulse. (12) He thought he would go and see his friends. It mi
20、ght be possible to sound them upon this. In less than five months his term here would have ended, and after a few additional months spent upon other farms he would be fully equipped in agricultural knowledge, and in a position to start on his own account. Would not a farmer want a wife, and should a
21、 farmers wife be a drawing-room wax-figure, or a woman who understood farming? Notwithstanding the pleasing answer returned to him by the silence he resolved to go his journey. 1 The first five paragraphs claim all of the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） Crick did not notice the love affair between Clar
22、e and Tess （ B） Crick was a pragmatic man working with Clare and Tess （ C） Clare was upset by his relationship with Tess （ D） Tess was cool with their daytime hug 2 Which of the following statements contains a simile? （ A） The night was as sultry as the day. (Para. 3) （ B） .the barton-walls were war
23、m as hearths. (Para.3) （ C） .he look upon her as of less consequence than himself. (Para. 10) （ D） .so impressionable as she was under her reserve. (Para. 10) 3 What can be concluded about Angel from Para. 6? （ A） He was an apprentice in the cattle farm. （ B） He planned to stay in the farm for a lon
24、g time. （ C） He was drawn to the intriguing outside world. （ D） He had a brand new experience in the farm. 4 What does the first “personality“ in Para. 7 refer to? （ A） character （ B） individuality （ C） person （ D） celebrity 5 The word “pachydermatous“ in Para. 8 probably means_. （ A） insensitive （
25、B） vulnerable （ C） susceptible （ D） inquisitive 5 (1) Everyone in todays supercharged workplaces experiences stress. Yet executive and professional women consistently experience more stress, anxiety, and psychological distress than do men. There are, undoubtedly, a variety of reasons for this more d
26、omestic responsibilities, having been socialized to say “yes“ to all requests, and receiving lower pay for similar work immediately come to mind. But, based on our experience coaching and mentoring thousands of women over the years, we believe women experience more workplace stress than men primaril
27、y because they must contend with stereotype threat a phenomenon that is virtually unknown to men. (2) Stereotype threat occurs when a woman is aware of a stereotype that women perform poorly compared to men at a given task test, negotiation, presentation, competition as a result of which she fails t
28、o perform up to her ability. Simply knowing about a negative gender stereotype can cause a woman to become subconsciously apprehensive about confirming the stereotype, leading to a reduction in cognitive ability, impaired concentration, and increased stress and anxiety. (3) A classic experiment to d
29、emonstrate the effect of stereotype threat involves giving women a math test after being reminded of the traditional stereotype that women are not as good at math as men. Under these conditions, women consistently perform below their potential. (Women who are not primed to think about gender gaps in
30、 math perform just as well as men do.) Other experiments showing stereotype threat have included activities as different as playing chess and driving. (4) Women, of course, are not the only group to experience stereotype threat. Its also been documented by researchers among African Americans, Latino
31、s, and people from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Even high status white men perform worse on social sensitivity tests tests of their ability to decode others nonverbal cues when they are told women typically score better on these tests than men. (5) Although stereotype threat is not unique to women
32、, we have singled it out as a primary cause of womens greater workplace stress for a simple reason; the workplace is a minefield of negative stereotypes for women. This minefield exists because success in business and the professions being perceived as a leader, effective negotiator, strong advocate
33、, and keen evaluator involves performing tasks associated with positive male stereotypes and negative female ones. (6) Stereotype threat is debilitating because it reduces the available working memory women have available for performing a specific task and the availability of working memory is one o
34、f the strongest correlates with general intelligence. In other words, when women experience stereotype threat, they expend mental resources in an effort to disprove the stereotype, thereby reducing their mental resources for performing the task at hand. Stereotype threat thus creates a vicious circl
35、e of stress, anxiety, and reduced performance that maintains and exacerbates the under-representation of women in this countrys senior leadership positions. (7) It is self-defeating for women to seek to avoid the effects of stereotype threat by trying not to be anxious, not to have feelings of self-
36、doubt, and not to pay attention to negative gender stereotypes. Such efforts further deplete the cognitive resources available to them for successfully performing workplace tasks. (8) Dealing with stereotype threat effectively requires women to employ smarter strategies, such as imagining themselves
37、 as stereotypical men tough, risk-taking, and competitive for a few minutes before engaging in a task with potential stereotype threat; reminding themselves that the anxiety they may experience when performing a task with a negative gender stereotype has nothing to do with their actual ability and e
38、verything to do with stereotype threat; and avoiding viewing themselves through a gender lens (“I am the only woman in this meeting“) instead of focusing on their achievements and abilities (“I am the only person in this meeting with an MBA“). These are all research-backed strategies for overcoming
39、stereotype threat. (9) Our experience suggests one more: women can be effective in overcoming stereotype threat when they maintain a strong sense of humor. This means maintaining a positive attitude even in trying situations; being willing to laugh at themselves, their circumstances, and the idiosyn
40、crasies of their workplaces; and enjoying a silent chuckle when confronted with the unexpected, bizarre, incongruous, and ironic things that happen all the time. (10) A concrete example of using humor to cope with potential stereotype threat may be helpful here. When Andrea, who goes by the nickname
41、 Andie, was a young lawyer, she walked into a conference room just as the client, who had his back to the door, was saying, “Andie? Is that a girl? I cant work with a girl. “ Rather than taking offense or getting angry, she put her hand on his shoulder and said, “ I think we should start our introdu
42、ction over again. Dont you?“ She walked out of the room, turned around, came back in, introduced herself, and shook hands. She went on to work with that client for many years. (11) By bringing humor to bear on the difficult and stressful situations caused by stereotype threat, women can diminish the
43、ir negative emotional reactions and increase their performance capabilities. Humor also allows them to change their perspective on the excessive external or internal demands that stereotype threat might otherwise create. (12) Using humor to cope with stereotype threat is not about laughing out loud,
44、 but about cultivating an attitude that gender stereotypes arent just infuriating, but frequently ridiculous. We believe that the human brain is flexible enough to simultaneously recognize that gender stereotypes are seriously harmful, but also that there is something somewhat laughable about people
45、 really believing that women are poor negotiators, lack ambition, and cannot be effective leaders. When a woman can see the absurdity of gender stereotypes, she can reimagine stereotype threat as a challenge, not a danger. She can use humor to put emotional distance between herself and the threat. S
46、he can increase her self-confidence as she exposes herself to potentially unpleasant personal situations, especially those likely to involve an evaluation of her performance. (13) Women can use a variety of techniques to improve their ability to use humor to cope with workplace stress. (14) And fina
47、lly, women can indeed, should keep the following comment from Peggy Noonan, former presidential speech writer and Wall Street Journal columnist, in mind: “ Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take the blows. “ 6 The word “primed“ in Para. 3 probably means_. （ A） precipitate （ B） prefabr
48、icate （ C） preclude （ D） preinform 7 What can we infer from the first four paragraphs about stereotype threat? （ A） Its the main cause of womens greater workplace stress. （ B） It makes women unable to show themselves in the best light. （ C） Women without stereotype threat play chess as well as men d
49、o. （ D） Women are the only group of people affected by stereotype threat. 8 What is the role of the paragraphs from 7th to 13th in the development of the topic? （ A） Introducing the issue. （ B） Citing ways to deal with the issue. （ C） Describing the actual status. （ D） Offering reasons. 9 Which of the following methods for women to cope with stereotype threat has been confirmed in researches? （ A） Attempting not to question their own abilities. （ B） Demonstrating their anxiety being related to stereotype threat. （ C） Distracting th
