1、专业英语四级模拟试卷 651及答案与解析 一、 PART I DICTATION Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be
2、read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at A
3、NSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 1 Social History of the East End of Londo
4、n 1. lst-4th centuries Produce from the area was used to【 T1】 _ the people of London. 【 T1】 _ 2. 5th-10th centuries New technology allowed the production of goods made of【 T2】 _and leather. 【 T2】 _ 3. 11th century Lack of【 T3】 _in the East End encouraged the growth of businesses.【 T3】_ 4. 16th centu
5、ry Construction of facilities for the building of【 T4】 _stimulated international trade. 【 T4】 _ Agricultural workers came from other parts of【 T5】 _to look for work. 【 T5】_ 5. 17th century Marshes were drained to provide land that could be【 T6】 _on. 【 T6】 _ 6. 19th century Inhabitants lived in condi
6、tions of great【 T7】 _with very poor sanitation. 【 T7】_ 7. Early 20th century Living conditions for most workers were【 T8】 _: 【 T8】 _ Houses were【 T9】 _closely together【 T9】 _ 【 T10】 _of the housing was the major concern【 T10】 _ 2 【 T1】 3 【 T2】 4 【 T3】 5 【 T4】 6 【 T5】 7 【 T6】 8 【 T7】 9 【 T8】 10 【 T9】
7、 11 【 T10】 SECTION B CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation , five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the p
8、ause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have thirty seconds to preview the questions. （ A） It would largely affect your health, well-being and happiness. （ B） It would make your home much more comfortable. （ C） It wo
9、uld make your neighbors not rude to you. （ D） It is helpful in establishing a good relationship with your families. （ A） You should go introduce yourself later. （ B） You should wait a few more days. （ C） You should take a vacation. （ D） You should stay away from them. （ A） His neighbors loud music.
10、（ B） His neighbors not being smart. （ C） His neighbors selfishness. （ D） His neighbors indifference. （ A） Because they are unaware of it. （ B） Because they enjoy loud music. （ C） Because they are not light-sniff sleepers. （ D） Because they like to annoy others. （ A） She is in favor of calling police
11、 once there are problems. （ B） She is experienced at dealing with neighbors. （ C） She does not consider neighboring relationship important. （ D） She will not compromise herself to handle problems. （ A） He felt tired and sleepy. （ B） He was desperate for a drink of water. （ C） He had a poor appetite.
12、 （ D） He went to the doctor and had a urine test. （ A） A urine test. （ B） A blood test. （ C） A temperature test. （ D） A drinking test. （ A） In his childhood. （ B） In his middle age. （ C） In his sixties. （ D） In his teens. （ A） Blood. （ B） Water. （ C） Insulin. （ D） Urine. （ A） A proper diet and table
13、ts. （ B） A new kidney for him. （ C） Insulin injections. （ D） An operation to remove sugar. 二、 PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best
14、 completes the sentence. 22 In the sentence “All the tasks having been fulfilled ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week“, the underlined phrase is _. （ A） an independent genitive construction （ B） a preposition-predicate construction （ C） a predict-object construction （ D） a subject
15、-predicate construction 23 Which of the following sentences indicates PERMISSION? （ A） You can swim, cant you? （ B） I can run fast. （ C） You cant park here. （ D） He cant have slept through all that noise. 24 The hours_ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people, undoubte
16、dly affect their relationships with real-life people. （ A） when （ B） that （ C） in which （ D） on which 25 We made him our monitor. The underlined part functions as a(n) _ in the sentence. （ A） appositive （ B） object （ C） adverbial （ D） complement 26 Doing morning exercises has helped to improve her h
17、ealth,_? （ A） isnt it （ B） hasnt it （ C） hasnt they （ D） hasnt she 27 Which of the following is a compound word (复合词 )? （ A） Nonsense. （ B） Carelessness. （ C） Housework. （ D） Uncountable. 28 Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? （ A） I recommend that you get some professional a
18、dvice. （ B） She used to play football, and now she plays basketball. （ C） Protect these cute animals, and dont hurt them. （ D） If you need money, I can lend you some. 29 In which of the following sentences, “it“ is used for emphasis? （ A） It is everybodys duty to obey the law. （ B） I found it diffic
19、ult for me to stay up at night. （ C） It is amazing that I can run so fast. （ D） It is the book that she gave me. 30 In the broadest sense, just as archaeology is an aspect of anthropology, _. （ A） so too it is a part of history （ B） so too is it a part of history （ C） neither too it is a part of his
20、tory （ D） neither too is it a part of history 31 If I have improved in any way, I owe _ all to you. （ A） any （ B） / （ C） it （ D） some 32 They have done away with _ Latin for university entrance at Harvard. （ A） influential （ B） indispensable （ C） compulsory （ D） essential 33 I caught a _ of the taxi
21、 before it disappeared around the corner of the street. （ A） vision （ B） glimpse （ C） look （ D） scene 34 Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _ towards producing workers. （ A） harnessed （ B） hatched （ C） motivated （ D） geared 35 If English is not our first language, you can often
22、 be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speakers of English does not even have to _. （ A） think out （ B） think about （ C） think over （ D） think for 36 Weve just installed a fan to _ cooking smells from the kitchen. （ A） eject （ B） expel （ C） exclude （ D） exile 37 The eldest child is thorou
23、ghly _ because they always give him whatever he wants. （ A） wasted （ B） spoiled （ C） destroyed （ D） uneducated 38 With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, Iraq _ the war. （ A） survived from （ B） survived in （ C） survived （ D） survived to 39 New books were displayed in a _ po
24、sition on tables at the front of the shop. （ A） prominent （ B） distinguished （ C） well-known （ D） outstanding 40 Royalty and a sense of responsibility are _ to a stable marriage. （ A） indispensable （ B） inseparable （ C） indirect （ D） indisputable 41 True patriotism _ putting the interests of one cou
25、ntry above everything, _ ones life. （ A） consists of. containing （ B） consists of. including （ C） consists in. including （ D） consists in. containing 三、 PART IV CLOZE Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words c
26、an be used ONCE ONLY. 41 A. division B. sufficient C. constant D. depths E. exterior F. whereas G. stable H. proved I. external J. measuring K. environment L. inadequate M. making N. bottom O. characterizing For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the
27、 way they regulate body temperature. Ways of【 C1】 _ the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old【 C2】 _into “warm blooded“ and “cold blooded“ species; warm blooded included mammals and birds, 【 C3】 _all other creatures were conside
28、red cold blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was【 C4】 _. A fence lizard usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a【 C5】 _body temper
29、ature and those whose body temperature varies with their environment. But this classification also【 C6】_inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the【 C7】_of the ocean never experience a change
30、in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by the【 C8】 _. The latter do so mainly by moving to favorable s
31、ites or by changing their exposure to【 C9】 _ sources of heat. Mammals and birds also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperature by【 C10】 _a variety of internal adjustments. 42 【 C1】 43 【 C2】 44 【 C3】 45 【 C4】 46 【 C5】 47 【 C6】 48 【 C7
32、】 49 【 C8】 50 【 C9】 51 【 C10】 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 51 (l)The majority of successful senior managers d
33、o not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executive
34、s rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition“ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. (2)Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing
35、 managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. (3)Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that manage
36、rs intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is bas
37、ed on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!“ experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational a
38、nalysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally,
39、managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns. (4)One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that
40、 “thinking“ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know“ what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organ
41、izations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. 52 The classical model of decision analysis includes all EXCEPT_. （ A） evaluation of a problem （ B） establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decision （ C） action undertaken in or
42、der to discover more information about a problem （ D） comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem 53 How the writers on management understand intuition can be best described as _. （ A） contradictory （ B） irrational （ C） insightful （ D） vague 54 In the authors view, senior
43、managers do NOT use intuition to _. （ A） speed up the creation of a solution to a problem （ B） identify a problem （ C） specify clear goals （ D） evaluate possible solutions to a problem 54 (l)More and more of the worlds supply of seafood is coming from farms. (2)Although 80% of the worlds seafood com
44、es from marine harvests, there is a major shift under way toward aquaculture now. (3)Nearly 40% of salmon marketed today are raised in captivity, compared with 6% a decade ago. Forty percent of all clams, oysters, and mussels are produced in farm environments, along with 65% of freshwater fish. Betw
45、een 1990 and 1996, fish-farming production rose from 12.4 million to 23 million tons worldwide, writes Anne Platt McGinn in an article for World Watch magazine. (4) “The fact that world seafood supplies continue to increase at all is due almost entirely to the phenomenal growth in aquaculture,“ says
46、 McGinn, a research associate at the World Watch Institute. Commercial aquaculture is driven by rising human population at a time when over harvested wild fish stocks are in decline and conventional farm production has leveled off. (5)Biotechnology is contributing to high-yield aquaculture through t
47、ransgenics the transfer of genes from one species to another. Researchers introduce desirable genetic traits into fish, creating hardier stocks. For example, some species of fish have a protein that allows them to live in Arctic waters. By transplanting this “anti-freeze“ gene into other species, re
48、searchers have created more fish that can survive in extremely cold water, according to Ag-West Biotech, Inc., in Saskatchewan, Canada. (6)Biotechnologists are attempting to improve a wide range of genetic traits in fish used for aquaculture, developing fish that are larger and faster-growing, more
49、efficient in converting feed into muscle, more tolerant of low oxygen levels in water, and better able to resist disease. (7)Researchers also are seeking plant-based sources of food as a more efficient alternative to fishmeal. The use of plant protein on fish farms could take some of the pressure off wild
