1、专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷 231及答案与解析 一、 PART I DICTATION Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage wi
2、ll be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. 专业英语四级（听写听力）模拟试卷 231答案与 解析 一、 PART I DICTATION Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage
3、will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done a
4、t normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. 1 【正确答案】 Volcanoes A volcano is an opening in a planets surface or crust, / which allows lava, ash and gases to escape from the place below the surface. / It is dramatic evidence of the powerful forces at work inside the Earth. /
5、Volcanoes are generally found where plates are moving apart or coming together. / Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards. / And the most deadly volcanoes are usually those tall and conical ones / built up by many layers of eruptive materials. / They can destroy entire cities and kill large numbers
6、 of people. / Nevertheless, volcanoes also add nutritious substances to soils, / creating perfect conditions for many crops. / Besides, some types of volcano make new sections of the plates that make up the Earths surface. / Without volcanoes and our planets plates, / the dry land we live on would n
7、ot be renewed, / and weathering and erosion by water, wind and ice / would eventually carry it all into the oceans leaving Earth a water world. / 【试题解析】 火山 火山是地壳的一个开口，让熔岩、灰烬和气体从地表下面溢出来。它是地球内部巨大力量在作用的剧烈表现。火山常见于板块分离或聚集之处。火山爆发会有很多危害。然而，火山也会给土壤添加有营养的物质，为许多农作物创造完美的条件。 【知识模块】 听写 2 【正确答案】 Sugary Foods Ther
8、e are two types of sugar / those found naturally in fruit and milk and those that are added to the diet. / These added sugars can be found in a variety of foods, / including soft drinks, desserts and breakfast cereals. / Added sugars are a great source of energy, / but provide no other nutrients. /
9、Sugary foods and drinks pose a threat to dental health, / especially if consumed between meals. / Even the sugars in honey and fruit juices can cause tooth decay / if good oral hygiene isnt followed and you consume a lot of these foods. / Only have sugary foods at mealtimes, / when other dietary and
10、 oral factors can help to minimise the risk they pose to your teeth. / Sugary drinks have been identified as a possible cause of obesity. / These drinks do not trigger the same sense of fullness as food with similar calories, / increasing the risk of overeating. / 【试题解析】 糖制食品 糖有两种 水果、牛奶中所含的天然的糖和添加到食
11、品中的糖。这些添加糖在多种食物中都有，包括软饮料、甜点和早餐的燕麦。添加糖是能量的一大来源，但却不含别的营养物。 糖制饮料可能引起肥胖症，它们不会像同样热量的食物一样有饱胀感，因此容易过量食用。 【知识模块】 听写 3 【正确答案】 Front A front is a weather system that is the boundary separating two different types of air. / One type of air is usually denser than the other, / with different temperatures and dif
12、ferent levels of humidity. / This clashing of air types causes weather: rain, snow, cold days, hot days, and windy days. / Two major types of fronts are cold fronts and warm fronts. / Normally cold fronts come with thunderstorms or other types of extreme weather. / They usually move from west to eas
13、t. / Strong, powerful cold fronts often take over warm air that might be nearly motionless in the atmosphere. / This movement is called a low-pressure system, / which often causes severe rainfall or thunderstorms. / Warm fronts usually show up on the tail end of rain, snow, hail and fog. / As they o
14、vertake cold air masses, / warm fronts move slowly, usually from north to south. / Warm fronts are often associated with high-pressure systems, / which usually indicate calm, clear weather. / 【试题解析】 锋 锋属于一种天气系统，它指的是分隔两种不同类型空气的分界线。锋的两种主要类型为冷锋和暖锋。冷锋的到来常伴有雷雨或其他类型的极端天气。冷锋通常由西往东移动。强劲的冷锋往往会取代大气中那些几乎呈静止状态的
15、暖空气。这一活动过程被称为低气压系统。暖锋通常出现在雨雪雾雹等天气的末尾。在暖锋压倒冷空气团的过程中，暖锋通常由北至南缓慢移动。暖锋经常和高气压系统联系在一起。 【知识模块】 听写 4 【正确答案】 DNA Testing DNA testing is a powerful tool for identification and has many practical applications. / Molecule DNA carries our genetic code and determines our characteristics. / 99.9% of the DNA from t
16、wo people will be identical. / The 0.1% of DNA code sequences that vary individually are called genetic markers. / The key to DNA testing is to find the genetic markers / that will identify the important similarities or differences between people. / The accuracy of DNA tests has big implications. /
17、They are sometimes the only evidence to prove a suspect was guilty, / or free someone wrongly convicted. / Its easy to tell if DNA from two biological samples doesnt match. / But a match doesnt ensure that the two samples come from the same person. / A small chance exists that two different peoples
18、genetic markers could be the same, / especially if they are related. / However, the chance that two unrelated people have identical profiles / is less than one in one billion. / 【试题解析】 DNA测试 DNA测试是识别身份的一个有力工具。两个人的 DNA当中有 99 9%是一样的。剩下那 0 1的 DNA编码序列叫做基因标记。 DNA测试的关键在于找到基因标记，以确定人与人之间重要的共同性或差异性。 【知识模块】 听
19、写 5 【正确答案】 Artificial Retina The first artificial retina has been developed / to help restore vision to people blinded by retina diseases. / This electronic device has been in human clinical trials / in the U.S. and Europe for several years. / It is essentially a sheet of tiny conductors put into th
20、e eye by surgeons. / The patient will be fitted with a pair of dark glasses / that have a small attached video camera and portable video processor. / The battery-operated system will send video signals directly to their brain. / However, the electronic retina doesnt restore full vision. / It only al
21、lows users to sense light and dark contrasts / and detect movement and important shapes. / And the images they perceive are not in color. / Moreover, this device can only be applied to remedy blindness caused by damaged retina. / So eventually the manufacturer hopes to put the device in the brains visual area. / In this way it could remedy blindness from all causes. / 【试题解析】 人造视网膜 第一个人造视网膜已经被研发出来，用以帮助因视网膜疾病而失明的人士恢复视力。这种电子设备实质上是一片微型导体，由外科医生将其植入跟内。患者会配上一副带有小型录像机以及便携录像处理器的深色眼镜。这个电池供电系统会将视像信号直接传送到他们的大脑。然而，电子视网膜只能让使用者感觉到光和暗的反差、察觉物体的移动以及重要而明显的物体形状。 【知识模块】 听写
