1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷231及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. decrease B. adapt C. benefits D. enlarge E. henc
2、e F. universal G. adversely H. shift I. unique J. so K suburban L. coastal M. resulting in N. endangered O. favorably Sea rise as a result of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a
3、 coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be 1. Some countries would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas where large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme dislocation. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 2 coastal flooding, possibl
4、y swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. Reduced water quality may result as 3 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural forest could be flooded with ocean water destroying forever many of the 4plant and animal sp
5、ecies living there. Food supplies and forests would be 5 affected. Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 6 grain-growing regions polewards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects attacking the crops. Human
6、 health would also be affected. Warming could 7 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever and other diseases. The harmful effects of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer conditions. There will be some 8 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, lo
7、nger growing seasons further north will create new agricultural lands, and warmer temperature will make some of todays colder regions more habitable. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systemsboth plant and animalwill be less able than man to cope and 9Any change of temperat
8、ure, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now anticipated will be destructive to natural systems and living things and 10 to man as well.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. provides B. due to C. construction D. serving E. ascending F. enterprise G. despite H.
9、 permits I. qualified J. adjusting K. harmful L. offers M. element N. imports O. admits Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider: the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways: Dir
10、ect Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 2 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the 3 and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 4 a large funding role by the federa
11、l government, are primarily paid for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 5, in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business se
12、rves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy 6 such companies to make a reasonable profit, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public
13、 depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans 7 drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and
14、bust of inflation and depression, by 8 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government 9 businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example,
15、tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; 10 are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. so that B. preference C. normal D. circle
16、E. calls for F. problem G. longer H. cycle I. matter J. illustrates K. hand over L. formal M. reversed N. habit O. means The normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Ou
17、r present concern is how easily and to what extent this 1 can be modified. The question is not merely an academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 2 of growing importance in industry where automation 3round-the-clock working of machines. It
18、normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 4 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This 5 that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has
19、to change to another, 6 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer would seem to be 7 periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. However, recent research has shown that people on such systems will go back to their 8 habits of sleep and wakefulness
20、during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 9 the night shift to those permanent night workers whose 10 may persist through all weekends and holidays.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:
21、_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. famous B. conducted C. reject D. influential E. unrealistic F. develop G. fail H. drain I. realistic J. manage K. dropped L. lack M. also N. since O. researched In Zurich, a leading Canton in the Swiss Confederation, it has been proposed to teach one foreign languag
22、eEnglishin primary schools. This would represent a change 1 Zurichs elementary school kids now study English and French. Voters will decide whether French will be 2. Supporters of one foreign language believe that two foreign languages are too many for kids. They believe that kids 3 to reach strong
23、fluency in German, the mother tongue for schoolchildren in Zurich. In fact, Zurich kids speak Swiss German, which is primarily an oral language. In school they have to learn standard German, which in a way is a foreign language. Thus when you add them all together Zurich kids are learning four langu
24、ages. All of Switzerland will watch what Zurich voters decide because Zurich is an 4 canton and others may follow suit. Yet some German-speaking cantons have already decided to 5 plans to reduce the number of foreign languages. Regardless of what happens, Swiss kids will be fluent in more than one l
25、anguage which is a definite asset in todays global economy. It is 6 a definite asset in learning other subjects. Studies 7 in American universities have found that kids who study in dual-language schools outperform their counterparts who are taught in English only. Apparently, kids educated in two l
26、anguages 8 a mental agility that monolingual kids 9. Perhaps four languages are too many in elementary school, but two is not 10 at all.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷231答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide whic
27、h of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. decrease B. adapt C. benefits D. enlarge E. hence F. universal G. adversely H. shift I. unique J. so K suburban L. coastal M. resulting in N
28、. endangered O. favorably Sea rise as a result of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the worlds great seaport cities would be 1. Some countries would be inun
29、dated. Heavily populated coastal areas where large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme dislocation. Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 2 coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. Reduced water quality may result as
30、 3 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable, natural forest could be flooded with ocean water destroying forever many of the 4plant and animal species living there. Food supplies and forests would be 5 affected. Changes in rainfall patte
31、rns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 6 grain-growing regions polewards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects attacking the crops. Human health would also be affected. Warming could 7 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fev
32、er and other diseases. The harmful effects of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer conditions. There will be some 8 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will create new agricultural lands, and warmer temperatur
33、e will make some of todays colder regions more habitable. But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systemsboth plant and animalwill be less able than man to cope and 9Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now anticipated will be destructive to natural
34、 systems and living things and 10 to man as well.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）解析：解析：空格所在句结构完整，因此可推断应填入副词。空格前的“温度、降雨等的变化会危害自然系统和生物”和空格后的“人类也将受到危害”存在内在的因果关系，故选hence“因此”。so表示“因此”时是连词
35、，不符合此处语法要求，故排除。A. provides B. due to C. construction D. serving E. ascending F. enterprise G. despite H. permits I. qualified J. adjusting K. harmful L. offers M. element N. imports O. admits Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to cons
36、ider: the role of government. Government has a powerful effect on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 2 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the 3 and maintenance of most highways is the responsib
37、ility of the individual states, and the public educational systems, 4 a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily paid for by state or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The
38、 government regulates and controls private 5, in many ways, for the purpose of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a monopoly, such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy 6 such co
39、mpanies to make a reasonable profit, but limits their ability to raise prices unfairly, since the public depends on their services. Often control is exercised to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans 7 drugs, or requires standards of quality in food. Stabiliz
40、ation and Growth. Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression, by 8 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itsel
41、f. Direct Assistance. The government 9 businesses and individuals with many kinds of help. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; 10 are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.（分数：20.00）填
42、空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）解析：解析：空格应填入名词作主语。so that引导的目的状语从句说“以便美国的产品能更好地与某些外国商品竞争”，要达到这个目的，当然是对“外国商品”征税，外国商品即为“进口商品”，词库中的imports“进口商品”符合语境。A. so that B. preference C. normal D. circle E.
43、calls for F. problem G. longer H. cycle I. matter J. illustrates K. hand over L. formal M. reversed N. habit O. means The normal human daily cycle of activity is some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our p
44、resent concern is how easily and to what extent this 1 can be modified. The question is not merely an academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 2 of growing importance in industry where automation 3round-the-clock working of machines. It nor
45、mally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 4 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This 5 that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, 6 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer wo
