1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷239及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. little B. unanswered C. detect D. inevitably E.
2、deep F. drop G. useless H. eventually I. effective J. address K. catch L. adds M. improve N. sufficient O. limited In September, more than a dozen whales beached themselves in the Canary Islands. Rescuers tried to water down the whales and keep them cool. But all of them 1 died. Nearby, NATO naval f
3、orces were testing echo sounding devices meant to 2 an enemys submarines, and public knowledge of the deaths ultimately came to strengthen suspicions of a link between whale distress and loud ocean noises. The theory is that the mammals seek to escape the roar of the 3, rush toward the surface and i
4、n some cases end up going ashore. For decades, environmentalists have worked to reduce the undersea noiseusually with 4 success, given the growing industrialization and militarization of the oceans. They have filed suits and waged letter-writing campaigns, including a recent petition that asks the U
5、nited States Navy to 5 its testing of underwater sound equipment. The discovery by biologists in Hawaii that whales can decrease the sensitivity of their hearing to protect their ears from loud noise 6 another dimension to the debate. Michael Jasny, a senior policy analyst, called the research fasci
6、nating and said he hoped it would prove 7 in protecting whale hearing from these threats. But he characterized the finding as a work in progress that posed many 8 questions. A lot more work needs to be done, he said. Could it be replicated in the wild? Its a huge question. Even if whales could learn
7、 to decrease the sensitivity of their hearing, Mr. Jasny said, that would 9 only a relatively small part of the oceanic noise problem. Its important to understand that its 10, he said of the proposed method. It wont be a silver bullet.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填
8、空项1:_A. weak B. as C. difficult D. convincing E. missing F. surprise G. consumption H. prices I. conversely J. help K. foxed L. off M. overwhelmingly N. spot O. dumb When shopkeepers want to lure customers into buying a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new st
9、udy to be published in the Journal of Marketing, they are 1 a trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of University of Minnesota, looked at consumers attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that
10、 most people are 2 at fractions. Consumers often struggle to realise, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a 33% discount in price. They 3 assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion when it was offered in a bonus pack than wh
11、en it carried an equivalent discount. This numerical blind 4 remains even when the deal clearly favours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% 5 the price. The discount is by far the bette
12、r proposition, but the experiment shows the supposedly clever students viewed them 6 equivalent Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just pricing, says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new cars efficiency, for example, it is more 7 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather tha
13、n the equivalent percentage fall in fuel 8. There may be lessons for officials who regulate prices too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily 9. Sending everyone back to school for maths seems out of the question. But more prominently displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a gre
14、at 10.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. but B. direct C. fluent D. surveys E. subtle F. answered G. dazzle H. abilities I. neglected J. takes K. language L. knowledge M. tracks N. flowing O. continuous Who hasnt wanted to master not just two languages but 10? T
15、ake Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th-century priest who was said to be 1 in as many as 50 languages. Native speakers came from all over the world to test his 2, and many left astonished. In Babel No More, Michael Erard investigates the legend of Mezzofanti and other linguistic geniuses. Early on Erard as
16、ks what it means to really know a language. Claire Kramsch tells him the question should not be How many languages do you know? but rather In how many languages do you live? Understanding the 3 cultural difference of a language requires extensive and 4 contact with its speakers, and for that reason
17、Kramsch doubts that anyone could ever live in more than four or five languages. Fair enough, 5 what about the astonishing feats of memory and calculation that people display when they pick up a new language, or eight? Erard points out that, for no good reason, this question has been 6 by science. Af
18、ter all, we study extraordinary talents in mathematics and music; why not linguistic geniuses? Erard 7down Mezzofantis papers, speaks to many language experts and even learns that some bilingual people experience mental illness in one 8 but not another. Most interestingly, he 9 a group of modern lin
19、guistic geniuses. Memory, motivation and practice are all important, they say, but so is a practical strategy. Those who claimed to speak 11 languages did not much care about sounding like a native. Unlike Mezzofanti, their goal was not to 10but to dosee the world, read the local paper and not get l
20、ost.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. prime B. added C. by D. reproductive E. excessive F. take G. extends H. producing I. adult J. proves K. on average L. early M. females N. balance O. helping Human males living with their moms may not expect to have much luc
21、k hooking up this Valentines Day. But among the northern Muriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get a(n) 1 boost when mating time rolls around. The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, suggest that females in some speci
22、es may have evolved to play a critical role in their sons 2 success. Karen Strier, the papers lead author and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says the paper 3 the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept in which human females evolved to live past their 4 reproductive years to
23、 spend more time 5 offspring. The research team observed and collected genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys living in a protected reserve in Brazils Atlantic Forest: infants, mothers and possible fathers. They found that six out of the thirteen 6 males they studied spent more time around the
24、ir mothers than would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys, 7, reproduced the greatest number of offspring. The investigators are still trying to figure out why. Its not like we see moms intervening and helping their sons out, Strier says. Maybe 8 sitting near their moms, they get to see wh
25、en females are sexually active, or maybe they just get more familiar with other 9. The findings can help with future conservation efforts for the critically threatened animals. Strier says, the last thing we would want to do is 10 a male out of the group where it was born.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:
26、_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷239答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. lit
27、tle B. unanswered C. detect D. inevitably E. deep F. drop G. useless H. eventually I. effective J. address K. catch L. adds M. improve N. sufficient O. limited In September, more than a dozen whales beached themselves in the Canary Islands. Rescuers tried to water down the whales and keep them cool.
28、 But all of them 1 died. Nearby, NATO naval forces were testing echo sounding devices meant to 2 an enemys submarines, and public knowledge of the deaths ultimately came to strengthen suspicions of a link between whale distress and loud ocean noises. The theory is that the mammals seek to escape the
29、 roar of the 3, rush toward the surface and in some cases end up going ashore. For decades, environmentalists have worked to reduce the undersea noiseusually with 4 success, given the growing industrialization and militarization of the oceans. They have filed suits and waged letter-writing campaigns
30、, including a recent petition that asks the United States Navy to 5 its testing of underwater sound equipment. The discovery by biologists in Hawaii that whales can decrease the sensitivity of their hearing to protect their ears from loud noise 6 another dimension to the debate. Michael Jasny, a sen
31、ior policy analyst, called the research fascinating and said he hoped it would prove 7 in protecting whale hearing from these threats. But he characterized the finding as a work in progress that posed many 8 questions. A lot more work needs to be done, he said. Could it be replicated in the wild? It
32、s a huge question. Even if whales could learn to decrease the sensitivity of their hearing, Mr. Jasny said, that would 9 only a relatively small part of the oceanic noise problem. Its important to understand that its 10, he said of the proposed method. It wont be a silver bullet.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答
33、案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）解析：解析：此处填入形容词作表语。下文的silver bullet字面意思是“银色子弹”，在文中指“良方”。空格处应与silver bullet语义相反，故填入limited“有限的”。useless“无用的”过于绝对，可排除。A. weak B. as C. difficult D. convincing E. missing F. s
34、urprise G. consumption H. prices I. conversely J. help K. foxed L. off M. overwhelmingly N. spot O. dumb When shopkeepers want to lure customers into buying a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, they are 1 a
35、 trick. A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of University of Minnesota, looked at consumers attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are 2 at fractions. Consumers often struggle to
36、realise, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a 33% discount in price. They 3 assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount. This numerical blind 4
37、remains even when the deal clearly favours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% 5 the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the experiment shows the supposedly clever
38、 students viewed them 6 equivalent Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just pricing, says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new cars efficiency, for example, it is more 7 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel 8. There may be less
39、ons for officials who regulate prices too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily 9. Sending everyone back to school for maths seems out of the question. But more prominently displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great 10.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项
40、1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）解析：解析：空格应填入被great修饰的名词。从句意来看，更明显地显示单价，也就是更直观，因此应该是有帮助的，因此help正确。标明单价将带来surprise“惊喜”有点言过了。A. but B. direct C. fluent D. surveys E. subtle F. answered G. dazzle H. abilities I. neglected J. takes K. language
41、 L. knowledge M. tracks N. flowing O. continuous Who hasnt wanted to master not just two languages but 10? Take Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th-century priest who was said to be 1 in as many as 50 languages. Native speakers came from all over the world to test his 2, and many left astonished. In Babel N
42、o More, Michael Erard investigates the legend of Mezzofanti and other linguistic geniuses. Early on Erard asks what it means to really know a language. Claire Kramsch tells him the question should not be How many languages do you know? but rather In how many languages do you live? Understanding the
43、3 cultural difference of a language requires extensive and 4 contact with its speakers, and for that reason Kramsch doubts that anyone could ever live in more than four or five languages. Fair enough, 5 what about the astonishing feats of memory and calculation that people display when they pick up
44、a new language, or eight? Erard points out that, for no good reason, this question has been 6 by science. After all, we study extraordinary talents in mathematics and music; why not linguistic geniuses? Erard 7down Mezzofantis papers, speaks to many language experts and even learns that some bilingu
45、al people experience mental illness in one 8 but not another. Most interestingly, he 9 a group of modern linguistic geniuses. Memory, motivation and practice are all important, they say, but so is a practical strategy. Those who claimed to speak 11 languages did not much care about sounding like a native. Unlike Mezzofanti, their goal was not to 10but to dosee
