1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷241及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. indicative B. reach C. immediate D. lack E. cont
2、ent-free F. tracking G. specifying H. at least I. clues J. same K. present L. strongly M. essence N. earliest O. style-free How does literary style evolve? Surprisingly, 1 lie in words with seemingly little meaning, such as to and that. By analysing how writers use such 2 words, Daniel Rockmore and
3、colleagues at Dartmouth College in Hanover were able to conduct the first, large-scale style analysis of literature. Content-free words are 3 of writing style, Rockmore says. While two authors might use the 4 content words to describe a similar event, they will use content-free words to link their c
4、ontent words in a different way. Using the Project Gutenberg digital library, Rockmores team analysed 7,733 English language works written since 1550, 5 how often and in what context content-free words appeared. As you might expect, they found that writers were 6 influenced by their predecessors. Th
5、ey also found that as the number of literature works grew, the influence of older works shrank. Authors in the 7 periods wrote in a very similar way to one another, the researchers found, probably because they all read the same small body of literature. But approaching the modern era, when more peop
6、le were writing and more works were available from many eras and numerous styles, authors styles were still very similar to those of their 8 contemporaries. Its as if they find dialects in time, says Alex Bentley. Content is what makes us unique, but content-free words put us in different groups. Th
7、at writers should be most influenced by their contemporaries rather than the great works of the past is interesting, Rockmore says, because it challenges the 9 of classic literature. When it comes to style 10, perhaps we arent so strongly influenced by the classics after all.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空
8、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. approaching B. distinguish C. patterns D. collect E. grasp F. managed G. identical H. remembered I. exceeding J. suggested K. failed L. property M. skill N. surprising O. appeal Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into m
9、ine. Its a classic quote from the film Casablanca, but can a computer 1 the magic of such classic lines? Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil and colleagues at Cornell University have taught a computer to identify classic quotes with an accuracy 2 that of mankind. It means computers might one day help f
10、ilm writers test their latest classic lines. The Cornell team collected quotes from the Internet Movie Database, which contains a list of lines flagged by users as deserving to be 3. The context in which a line is uttered can make a quote more notable, so as a control, the team paired each classic q
11、uote with an ordinary one from the 4 context. It was the same length and spoken by the same character at around the same point in the film. The computer analysed the pairs of quotesaround 2,200 in totalfor language 5, unusual words, and word combinations. The computer 6 to recognize several characte
12、ristics peculiar to the classic quotes, creating a model that could help find them. The phrases contain 7 combinations of words, but at the same time they have a sentence structure that is common, so they are easy to use, says Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil. The analysis also showed that classic lines ofte
13、n have a(n) 8: they can be widely used because they dont contain words that tie them to a specific context. The model was able to 9 between classic and ordinary quotes with 64 percent accuracy. Humans scored 78 percent. The team 10 that political candidates could use the model to assess their slogan
14、s.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. action B. but C. distracted D. absurd E. analogies F. pull G. copy H. authors I. concentrated J. appeared K. lively L. wrong M. serious N. negative O. data There is a belief among many educators that student attention peaks d
15、uring the first 15 minutes of classroom instructiona(n) 1 idea, according to a recent study completed at Kennesaw State University. According to the study, one 2 that can impact whether students maintain their focus during the lecture is dependent on where they sit in the classroom. The studys 3 not
16、iced that students in the front and middle of the classroom stayed on task, while students who sat in the back of the classroom were more 4. Professors face many issues to compete for their students attentions in the classroomtexting, social media, and in-class casual talk among students, to name a
17、few 5 there are steps educators can take to refocus the class during a lecture, the studys authors note. When the professor became very 6, drew something on the board, injected humor or if he was using 7 that were not listed in the power point slides then the students tended to watch him, the author
18、s write. According to the study, students also 8 to pay more attention when the professor went over answers from a quiz, introduced a new slide or information, or shared videos with the classroom. But one move that many professors make, which may be popular among students, could have a(n) 9 impact o
19、n in-class focus: offering notes from the lecture before the start of class. If students printed out notes available to them before lecture. they seemed to pay less attention to the board, the studys authors write, and tended to get off task more quickly than those students who had to 10 everything
20、down.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. absorbs B. attempt C. misleading D. rewarding E. dimension F. pervasive G. uni-directional H. at risk I. offended J. pretend K. violated L. borrowing M. vocabulary N. at ease O. stem English has been successfully promoted,
21、 and has been eagerly adopted in the global linguistic marketplace. One symptom of the impact of English is linguistic 1. English intrudes on all the languages that it comes into contact with. The technical terms borrowing and loan words, as Calvet has indicated long before, are 2, since speakers of
22、 a language who borrow words from another have no intention of returning anything. The transaction is purely 3, and reflects the desirability of the product to the consumer. The only constraint on use is understandabili- tythough states may 4 to ban certain foreign forms and implement measures to de
23、vise new indigenous words and expressions. Borrowing is a phenomenon that has 5 users of other languages for more than a century. It has also generated an extensive literature on linguistic borrowing from English. British English 6 a large number of words of American origin, often without the source
24、 being noticed. Many languages borrow gastronomic and haute couture terms from French; in the same way, there is a carry-over from the use of English in many of the domains listed above into the 7 of other languages. The English linguistic invasion has been so 8 that some governments, representing b
25、oth small linguistic communities, for instance Slovenia and large ones, for instance France, have adopted measures to 9 the tide and shore up their own languages, particularly in the area of neologisms for technical concepts. Such measures, which are likely to be only partially successful, reflect a
26、n anxiety that essential cultural and linguistic values are 10.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷241答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if
27、inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. indicative B. reach C. immediate D. lack E. content-free F. tracking G. specifying H. at least I. clues J. same K. present L. strongly M. essence N. earliest O. style-free How does literary style evolve? Surprisin
28、gly, 1 lie in words with seemingly little meaning, such as to and that. By analysing how writers use such 2 words, Daniel Rockmore and colleagues at Dartmouth College in Hanover were able to conduct the first, large-scale style analysis of literature. Content-free words are 3 of writing style, Rockm
29、ore says. While two authors might use the 4 content words to describe a similar event, they will use content-free words to link their content words in a different way. Using the Project Gutenberg digital library, Rockmores team analysed 7,733 English language works written since 1550, 5 how often an
30、d in what context content-free words appeared. As you might expect, they found that writers were 6 influenced by their predecessors. They also found that as the number of literature works grew, the influence of older works shrank. Authors in the 7 periods wrote in a very similar way to one another,
31、the researchers found, probably because they all read the same small body of literature. But approaching the modern era, when more people were writing and more works were available from many eras and numerous styles, authors styles were still very similar to those of their 8 contemporaries. Its as i
32、f they find dialects in time, says Alex Bentley. Content is what makes us unique, but content-free words put us in different groups. That writers should be most influenced by their contemporaries rather than the great works of the past is interesting, Rockmore says, because it challenges the 9 of cl
33、assic literature. When it comes to style 10, perhaps we arent so strongly influenced by the classics after all.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）解析：解析：本句主干完整，因此可考虑在空格处填入作状语的副词或介词短语。本句的
34、大意是“谈到写作风格的时候，似乎我们并未受到经典文学的强烈影响。”此处将经典文学的影响范围缩小至写作风格，at least“至少”符合语境。A. approaching B. distinguish C. patterns D. collect E. grasp F. managed G. identical H. remembered I. exceeding J. suggested K. failed L. property M. skill N. surprising O. appeal Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the
35、 world, she walks into mine. Its a classic quote from the film Casablanca, but can a computer 1 the magic of such classic lines? Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil and colleagues at Cornell University have taught a computer to identify classic quotes with an accuracy 2 that of mankind. It means comput
36、ers might one day help film writers test their latest classic lines. The Cornell team collected quotes from the Internet Movie Database, which contains a list of lines flagged by users as deserving to be 3. The context in which a line is uttered can make a quote more notable, so as a control, the te
37、am paired each classic quote with an ordinary one from the 4 context. It was the same length and spoken by the same character at around the same point in the film. The computer analysed the pairs of quotesaround 2,200 in totalfor language 5, unusual words, and word combinations. The computer 6 to re
38、cognize several characteristics peculiar to the classic quotes, creating a model that could help find them. The phrases contain 7 combinations of words, but at the same time they have a sentence structure that is common, so they are easy to use, says Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil. The analysis also showed
39、 that classic lines often have a(n) 8: they can be widely used because they dont contain words that tie them to a specific context. The model was able to 9 between classic and ordinary quotes with 64 percent accuracy. Humans scored 78 percent. The team 10 that political candidates could use the mode
40、l to assess their slogans.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）解析：解析：空格所在句缺少谓语动词，故空格应填入动词。that引导的宾语从句意为“政治候选人可以使用该模型来评估他们的政治口号”，这是一种“建议”，故选用词库中的suggested“建议”。A. action B. but C. distracte
41、d D. absurd E. analogies F. pull G. copy H. authors I. concentrated J. appeared K. lively L. wrong M. serious N. negative O. data There is a belief among many educators that student attention peaks during the first 15 minutes of classroom instructiona(n) 1 idea, according to a recent study completed
42、 at Kennesaw State University. According to the study, one 2 that can impact whether students maintain their focus during the lecture is dependent on where they sit in the classroom. The studys 3 noticed that students in the front and middle of the classroom stayed on task, while students who sat in
43、 the back of the classroom were more 4. Professors face many issues to compete for their students attentions in the classroomtexting, social media, and in-class casual talk among students, to name a few 5 there are steps educators can take to refocus the class during a lecture, the studys authors no
44、te. When the professor became very 6, drew something on the board, injected humor or if he was using 7 that were not listed in the power point slides then the students tended to watch him, the authors write. According to the study, students also 8 to pay more attention when the professor went over a
45、nswers from a quiz, introduced a new slide or information, or shared videos with the classroom. But one move that many professors make, which may be popular among students, could have a(n) 9 impact on in-class focus: offering notes from the lecture before the start of class. If students printed out notes available to them before lecture.
