1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷234及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. fact B. continuously C. ignore D. when E. much F
2、. shows G. prevented H. plays I. limited J. unconsciously K. data L. unpredictable M. tools N. attend O. because In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly aware of the part the observer 1 in the scientific process. In the first place, the observer can work only with his experiences, and
3、 these are 2 by his senses and the instruments he uses to extend his senses. Ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, and atomic particles, for example, became known to us only as we devised 3 with which we could observe their effects. Consequently, our picture of the real world is always incomple
4、te. Secondly, the observer is highly selective in choosing his 4. Life is a narrative of ever new and often 5 events. At any given moment, an individual is bombarded with sense experiences and can, if he desires, expose himself to more. But he is really interested in or concerned with only a few of
5、these. Other experiences are consciously or 6 screened out as irrelevant to the task at hand. For example, as we read a book, we are often surrounded by sounds and activities that we 7, but by turning our attention to them we become conscious of their presence. What a scientist discovers depends, to
6、 a great extent, on what he is looking for on the questions he is asking. Thus, academic disciplines differ in their study of human beings in large part 8 they ask different questions. Human beings live, so to speak, in a house with only a few windows of tinted and curved glass, through which we see
7、 the outside world. The glass colors and distorts our observations, and its effects can be determined only with 9 difficulty. Scientists are increasingly aware of the 10 that they work with sense data, not with the world itself.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A.
8、 negligible B. overuse C. procedures D. abnormal E. patients F. potential G. complied H. collaborated I. made J. involved K. infrequent L. possessed M. detect N. provisions O. impact A study found that the radiation from CT scansthe tests regularly used to 1 internal injuries or signs of canceris li
9、kely responsible for 2 percent of cancer cases in the United States. While lots of Americans undergo CT scans, that research is unlikely to come up in doctors offices: Two-thirds of 2in a new JAMA study reported hearing nothing of the risks of the diagnostic procedure. Meanwhile, 17 percent felt lik
10、e they played an active role in a discussion over, whether this diagnostic test was the best path forward. Our study indicates that most decisions to undergo outpatient CT are 3 by physicians and risk communication is 4, a team of researchers led by University of Colorados Tanner Caverly writes. The
11、 risk communication that took place had limited 5: respondents who recalled discussing the benefits and risks of imaging did not have better knowledge. Would a conversation about the 6 risks have made a difference? Caverlys team asked a few other questions that suggest it would: Patients undergoing
12、the scan have little idea about the radiation 7. One-quarter self-identified radiation as a risk of a CT scan; 37 percent were able to identify CT scans as having a higher level of radiation than a chest x-ray. Theres a growing movement in medicine right now to cut back on unnecessary treatment or 8
13、 of care. Much of this has been led by a group called Choosing Wisely, which has 9 with dozens of medical societies to come up with lists of 10 that doctors themselves dont think they ought to be using. One of their key messages is that more care isnt necessarily better; all medicine comes with some
14、 level of risk. That message does not, however, seem to be delivered in the doctors offices studied here.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. because B. experience C. pushed into D. objections E. protested F. complaints G. oppose H. losing I. that J. successful K.
15、 support L. what M. getting N. exploited O. minimum The most vocal opponents of immigration reform say its not just the fear of 1jobs to foreign workers that fuels their cause, but also a genuine concern for the welfare of immigrants who are likely to be 2 by employers who want cheap labor to pad th
16、eir bottom line. Its a concern that pro-immigration advocates say they shareand that a new controversy over foreign student labor at McDonalds has 3 the spotlight. McDonalds is under fire for allegedly exploiting foreign students whom the company brought to the United States on three-month J-l visas
17、, which are intended to foster cross-cultural exchanges for international youth to 4 life in this country. The Wall Street Journal reports that 15 foreign students brought over on the program filed 5 with the State and Labor departments that alleged various worker abuses. The students allege that th
18、ey were paid less than the 6 wage, lived in substandard housing, and were threatened with termination or deportation after they voiced concerns. Immigration reforms opponents believe such cases are proof 7 employers just want more workers they can force to labor under substandard conditions. In addi
19、tion to the controversy at McDonalds, foreign student workers under the same J-l program recently 8 a Hersheys plant for exploitation. The issue is a deep concern for labor unions who 9 immigration as well. That said, many immigration advocates argue that temporary-worker programs can still be 10but
20、 only if theyre subject to adequate government oversight and regulation.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. designs B. energy C. contexts D. generally E. walking F. time G. exposing H. access I. returned J. appeal K. unethical L. incidentally M. misinterpreted N.
21、 collapse O. develops The difference between writer and reporter or journalist isnt that the journalist reports-she 1 sources, calls people, takes them out to lunch, and 2 acts as an intermediary between her audience and the world of experts. The journalist also writes, of course, but anybody can wr
22、ite. But few can get their calls 3 by key congressmen, top academics, important CEOs. That is the powerful advantage that the journalist has over her audience: Shes got sources and they dont. If the transaction between the journalist and the audience is that the journalist has the time, talent, and
23、4 to clearly communicate the ideas of newsmakers and experts, what then is the transaction between the journalist and those newsmakers and experts? After all, the journalist, and her institution, are profiting, hopefully handsomely, off their contribution to the enterprise. Its not going too far to
24、say that the whole business would 5without their participation. Journalists without sources are, well, mere writers. Moreover, those sources are giving up something of value. Theyre giving up 6, for one thing. Some fine folks have spent countless hours 7 me through the details of the federal budget.
25、 Theyre giving up information that, in other 8, people pay them forconsider a CEO who gives paid lectures or a life-long academic at a private college. They are exposing themselves to considerable professional risk, both by telling the journalist things theyre not supposed to share and simply by mak
26、ing themselves vulnerable to being 9 in public. So how does the journalist compensate these sources? Well, the natural answer in a market economy would be that the sources to get paid. But, in a brilliant maneuver, journalism as a profession has deemed it 10 to pay sources for information.（分数：20.00）
27、填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷234答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数
28、：20.00）_解析：A. fact B. continuously C. ignore D. when E. much F. shows G. prevented H. plays I. limited J. unconsciously K. data L. unpredictable M. tools N. attend O. because In recent decades, scientists have become increasingly aware of the part the observer 1 in the scientific process. In the fir
29、st place, the observer can work only with his experiences, and these are 2 by his senses and the instruments he uses to extend his senses. Ultraviolet light, electromagnetic fields, and atomic particles, for example, became known to us only as we devised 3 with which we could observe their effects.
30、Consequently, our picture of the real world is always incomplete. Secondly, the observer is highly selective in choosing his 4. Life is a narrative of ever new and often 5 events. At any given moment, an individual is bombarded with sense experiences and can, if he desires, expose himself to more. B
31、ut he is really interested in or concerned with only a few of these. Other experiences are consciously or 6 screened out as irrelevant to the task at hand. For example, as we read a book, we are often surrounded by sounds and activities that we 7, but by turning our attention to them we become consc
32、ious of their presence. What a scientist discovers depends, to a great extent, on what he is looking for on the questions he is asking. Thus, academic disciplines differ in their study of human beings in large part 8 they ask different questions. Human beings live, so to speak, in a house with only
33、a few windows of tinted and curved glass, through which we see the outside world. The glass colors and distorts our observations, and its effects can be determined only with 9 difficulty. Scientists are increasingly aware of the 10 that they work with sense data, not with the world itself.（分数：20.00）
34、填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）解析：解析：空格前的定冠词the提示此处应填入名词。that后的从句，其成分和意思都十分完整，故判断that引导的是同位语从句，此从句阐述的是一个事实，因此词库中的名词fact“事实”符合语义。A. negligible B. overuse C. procedures D. abnormal E. patients
35、F. potential G. complied H. collaborated I. made J. involved K. infrequent L. possessed M. detect N. provisions O. impact A study found that the radiation from CT scansthe tests regularly used to 1 internal injuries or signs of canceris likely responsible for 2 percent of cancer cases in the United
36、States. While lots of Americans undergo CT scans, that research is unlikely to come up in doctors offices: Two-thirds of 2in a new JAMA study reported hearing nothing of the risks of the diagnostic procedure. Meanwhile, 17 percent felt like they played an active role in a discussion over, whether th
37、is diagnostic test was the best path forward. Our study indicates that most decisions to undergo outpatient CT are 3 by physicians and risk communication is 4, a team of researchers led by University of Colorados Tanner Caverly writes. The risk communication that took place had limited 5: respondent
38、s who recalled discussing the benefits and risks of imaging did not have better knowledge. Would a conversation about the 6 risks have made a difference? Caverlys team asked a few other questions that suggest it would: Patients undergoing the scan have little idea about the radiation 7. One-quarter
39、self-identified radiation as a risk of a CT scan; 37 percent were able to identify CT scans as having a higher level of radiation than a chest x-ray. Theres a growing movement in medicine right now to cut back on unnecessary treatment or 8 of care. Much of this has been led by a group called Choosin
40、g Wisely, which has 9 with dozens of medical societies to come up with lists of 10 that doctors themselves dont think they ought to be using. One of their key messages is that more care isnt necessarily better; all medicine comes with some level of risk. That message does not, however, seem to be de
41、livered in the doctors offices studied here.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：M）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）解析：解析：空格前的lists of提示此处需要名词复数形式。that引导的从句应该是修饰空格处所填单词的定语从句，表示“这个东西是连医生自己都觉得不该使用的”，这跟上文的unnecessary呼应，因此可推知空
42、格处表达的意思和段首提到的treatment和care相近，procedures“程序”符合语义。A. because B. experience C. pushed into D. objections E. protested F. complaints G. oppose H. losing I. that J. successful K. support L. what M. getting N. exploited O. minimum The most vocal opponents of immigration reform say its not just the fear o
43、f 1jobs to foreign workers that fuels their cause, but also a genuine concern for the welfare of immigrants who are likely to be 2 by employers who want cheap labor to pad their bottom line. Its a concern that pro-immigration advocates say they shareand that a new controversy over foreign student la
44、bor at McDonalds has 3 the spotlight. McDonalds is under fire for allegedly exploiting foreign students whom the company brought to the United States on three-month J-l visas, which are intended to foster cross-cultural exchanges for international youth to 4 life in this country. The Wall Street Jou
45、rnal reports that 15 foreign students brought over on the program filed 5 with the State and Labor departments that alleged various worker abuses. The students allege that they were paid less than the 6 wage, lived in substandard housing, and were threatened with termination or deportation after they voiced concerns. Immigration reforms opponents believe such cas
