1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 159及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Culture Shock People have difficulty in【 T1】 to a new culture completely【 T1】 _ different from their own. I. The phases of culture shock 1)The honeymoon phase a. romantic, wonderful and new b.
3、full of【 T2】 and new discoveries【 T2】 _ 2)The【 T3】 phase【 T3】 _ a. cultural differences becoming apparent and creating【 T4】【 T4】 _ b. feelings of frustration and anger c. disappointment and depression 3)The adjustment phase a. being accustomed to the new culture and developing【 T5】【 T5】 _ b. accepti
4、ng the new culture positively c. requiring adaptation and a constructive response to culture shock 4)The mastery phase a. fully and comfortably participating in the host culture b. often being referred to as the【 T6】 stage【 T6】 _ II.【 T7】 culture shock【 T7】 _ 1)also being called “re-entry shock“ or
5、“own culture shock“ 2)When returning to ones home culture, one finds it more difficult to 【 T8】 .【 T8】 _ III. Transition shock 1)It is a state of loss and【 T9】 .【 T9】 _ 2)The symptoms are various. 3)【 T10】【 T10】 _ dont sleep excessively write home and spend time with people adjust oneself to the new
6、 culture 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 The English Renaissance The English Renaissance dates from the late 15 th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century. The beginning is often taken as 1485 , when the Wars of the Roses ended. The Eli
7、zabethan period in the second half of the 16th century is the 【 T1】 of the English Renaissance.【 T1】 _ I. Literature 1. English literature increased as the【 T2】 became common.【 T2】 _ 2. Theatre: for the court, nobility and【 T3】【 T3】 _ giant figures: Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare, Ben Johnson II.
8、Visual arts 1. England was【 T4】 to produce Renaissance style visual arts, and【 T4】 _ the artists were mainly imported foreigners until after the end of the Renaissance. 2. The English Reformation produced a huge programme of iconoclasm that destroyed the【 T5】 art.【 T5】 _ 3. English art was to be dom
9、inated by【 T6】 , and then later【 T6】 _ landscape art. III. Architecture 1. A true Renaissance style emerged until the Elizabethan times. 2. The Elizabethan architecture was influenced more by【 T7】 than【 T7】 _ Italy. 3. The buildings are large show houses constructed for courtiers. 4. Church architec
10、ture continued in a late【 T8】 style until the【 T8】 _ Reformation. IV. Criticism on the Renaissance 1. The word “Renaissance“ was considered as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies an unambiguously positive【 T9】 from the【 T9】 _ supposedly more primitive Middle Ages. 2. Instead they prefer to use
11、 the term “ early modern“ that 【 T10】 the period as a transitional one that led to the modern【 T10】 _ world. 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四 级（听力）模拟试卷 159答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk
12、 ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling t
13、ask. 0 【听力原文】 Culture Shock Good morning, everybody. Today we are going to talk about culture shock.(1)Culture shock refers to the difficulty people have adjusting to a new culture that differs markedly from their own. The shock of moving to a foreign country often consists of distinct phases, thoug
14、h not everyone passes through these phases and not everyone is in the new culture long enough to pass through all. The first phase is often named as honeymoon phase. During this period the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light, wonderful and new.(2)And this period
15、is full of observations and new discoveries. Like many honeymoons this stage eventually ends. (4)After some time, usually three months but it may be sooner or later depending on the individual, differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. That sense of exciteme
16、nt will eventually give way to new and unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as you continue to have unfavorable encounters that strike you as strange, offensive and unacceptable.(3)This phase is often called the negotiation phase, which is marked by mood swings caused by minor issues or with
17、out apparent reason. This is where excitement turns to disappointment and more and more differences start to occur. Depression is not uncommon. Again,(5)after some time of usually 6-12 months, one enters the adjustment phase in which one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One
18、 starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture, and begins to accept the culture with a positive attitude. Reaching this stage requires a constructive response to culture shock with effective means of adaptation. With this gradual adaptation, people get to the final phase mas
19、tery phase. In the mastery stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion, and people are capable of not adopting some aspects of the host culture.(6)It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage. (7)In addition, we also
20、 have to mention reverse culture shock, which is also called “re-entry shock“ , or “own culture shock“. It may take place returning to ones home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above.(8)The affected person often finds this more surprising and d
21、ifficult to deal with than the original culture shock. Culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock.(9)Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a change in ones familiar environment which requires adjustment. There are many differen
22、t symptoms of transition shock, some of which include: excessive concern over cleanliness and health, feelings of helplessness and withdrawal, etc. It is not advisable to sleep excessively, isolate yourself, or have anger towards your host people. You should write home, spend time with the host fami
23、ly or people, and try to adjust yourself to the culture including eating even if you are not hungry, sleeping at normal times not when you feel you should, and adjusting yourself to the time change.(10)Though these solutions may not work on everybody, you should try hard. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 adjustin
24、g 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座一开始对文化冲击现象给予了解释说明：Culture shockrefers to the difficulty people have adjusting to a new culture that differs markedly from theirown即文化冲击是指人们对新的文化适应过程中产生的一些问题。故填入 adjusting。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 observations 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到文化冲击的第一个阶段：蜜月阶段的表现和特征。其中提到 And this period is full of observ
25、ations and new discoveries即这一阶段，人们充满了 好奇，喜欢观察和探索新事物。因此填入 observations。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 negotiation 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到了文化冲击的第二个阶段： This phase is oftencalled the negotiation phase， which is marked by mood swings caused by minor issues orwithout apparent reason因为一些小问题或者无缘无故情绪变得不稳定，这一阶段通常 被称为协商阶段。故应填
26、入 negotiation。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 anxiety 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了协商的一些表现和特征： After some time， usuallythree months but it may be sooner or later depending on the individual， differences betweenthe old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety，即通常经过三个月左右的时间，新旧文化的差异开始显现，人们可能会产生焦虑感。因此填入 anxiet
27、y。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 routines 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到了文化冲击第三个阶段的特征： after some time ofusually 612 months， one enters the adjustment phase in which one grows accustomed to thenew culture and develops routines，即 612个月后，人们会进入调整适应阶段，逐渐开始适应新的文化，并形成自己的日常行为模式。因此填入 routines。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 biculturalism 【试题
28、解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲座提到文化冲击最后一个阶段的特征： It is oftenreferred to as the biculturalism stage即通常这一阶段被称为 “双重文化阶段 ”。因此填入 biculturalism。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答 案】 Reverse 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。讲座又提到另一文化冲击 “反向文化冲击 ”： In addition， we also have to mention reverse culture shock， which is also called“re-entry shock”， or“ownculture s
29、hock”即 “反向文化冲击 ”又可以称为 “回归性文化冲击 ”或者 “原文化冲击 ”，是指适应新的文化后又回归本民族文化时产生的不适，故填入 Reverse。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答 案】 readjust 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。此处提及遇到 “反向文化冲击 ”现象后人们的表现。讲座中提到 The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than theoriginal culture shock即他们会更难重新适应自己的原文化。因此可以推断，本题填入 readju
30、st。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 disorientation 【试题解析】 本 题为细节题。讲座提到文化冲击是过渡期冲击的一个子分类，此处考查过渡期冲击的表现： Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation即过渡期冲击是一种失落和迷失的状态。因此填入 disorientation。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 Solutions 【试题解析】 本题为概括题。作者认为在文化过渡时期要调整好自身情况，不应该睡眠过度，甚至将自己与外人孤立开来等等，这些都不利于适应新文化。最后提到 Thoughthese sol
31、utions may not work on everybody， you should try hard因此填入 Solutions。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 The English Renaissance Good morning, everybody. Today we are going to talk about the so-called English Renaissance. The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 1
32、5th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century. The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken as 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty. But Renaissance styles and ideas were slow in penetrating England,(1)and the Eliza
33、bethan period in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance. Firstly, literature.(2)England had a long strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular, which gradually increased as the printing press became common by the mid-16th century
34、. (3)The English theatre scene, which performed both for the court and nobility in private performances, and a very wide public in the theatres, was the most crowded in Europe, with a host of other playwrights as well as the giant figures of Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare and Ben Jonson. Elizabeth
35、 herself was a product of Renaissance humanism trained by Roger Ascham, and wrote occasional poems at critical moments of her life. The second we turn to is visual arts.(4)England was very slow to produce visual arts in Renaissance styles, and the artists of the Tudor court were mainly imported fore
36、igners until after the end of the Renaissance.(5)The English Reformation produced a huge programme of iconoclasm that destroyed almost all medieval religious art, and all but ended the skill of painting in England.(6)English art was to be dominated by portraiture, and then later landscape art, for c
37、enturies to come. Architecture is also prosperous during the Renaissance. Despite some buildings in a partly Renaissance style from the reign of Henry VIII,(7)it was not until the Elizabethan architecture of the end of the century that a true Renaissance style emerged, influenced far more by Norther
38、n Europe than Italy. The most famous buildings are large show houses constructed for courtiers, and characterized by the lavish use of glass.(8)Church architecture essentially continued in a late Gothic style until the Reformation, and then stopped almost completely. (9)Historians have begun to cons
39、ider the word “Renaissance“ as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies an unambiguously positive “rebirth“ from the supposedly more primitive Middle Ages.(10)Many historians and cultural historians now prefer to use the term “early modern“ for this period, a term that highlights the period as a tr
40、ansitional one that led to the modern world, but attempts to avoid positive or negative connotations. Thats all for todays lecture. 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 height 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座中提到了英国文艺复兴的起始时间，然后讲到and theElizabethan period in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height ofthe
41、English Renaissance，即伊丽莎白时期被认为是英国文艺复兴的高潮时期。因此填入 height。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 printing press 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到第一个要点：文艺复兴时期英国文学的发展。其中提到 England had a long strong tradition of literature in the English vernacular， whichgradually increased as the printing press became common by the mid一 16th century即英国文
42、学具有久远的发展历史，而且随着 16世纪中期印刷术的盛行，有了进一步的发展。因此填入 printing press。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 the public 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到了文艺复兴时期英国剧场的兴盛。其中提到 TheEnglish theatre scene， which performed both for the court and nobility in privateperformances， and a very wide public in the theatres, was the most crowded in Europe，即英国
43、的剧场不仅为宫廷和贵族演出，也有很多剧场为广大民众演出。因此填入 the public。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 slow 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。 此处主要讲到了文艺复兴时期英国视觉艺术的发展。其中提到 England was very slow to produce visual arts in Renaissance styles，and the artists of theTudor court were mainly imported foreigners until after the end of the Renaissance即英国文艺复兴时期的视觉艺术发展
44、缓慢，直到文艺复兴结束，都铎王朝的艺术家大多都是来自于国外。因此填入 slow。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 medieval religious 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到 The English Reformation produced a hugeprogramme of iconoclasm that destroyed almost all medieval religious art，即英国宗教改革引发了打破旧习的活动，几乎摧毁了所有中世纪的宗教艺术。因此填入 medieval religious。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答 案】 portraitu
45、re 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座提到了文艺复兴时期英国艺术的发展情况：English artwas to be dominated by portraiture， and then later landscape art， for centuries to come即文艺复兴时期英国艺术的主导形式是肖像画，之后几个世纪才出现了风景画。因此填入 portraiture，意为 “肖像画 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 Northern Europe 【试 题解析】 本题为细节题。此处主要讲到了文艺复兴时期英国建筑方面的发展。其中提到 it was not until the E
46、lizabethan architecture of the end of the century that a trueRenaissance style emerged， influenced far more by Northern Europe than Italy，即直到世纪末，伊丽莎白式建筑才出现，这是真正的文艺复兴风格的建筑，而这些建筑更多是受到了北欧风格的影响，而不是意大利 。因此填入Northern Europe。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正确答案】 Gothic 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处提到教堂的建筑风格： Church architecture essenti
47、allycontinued in a late Gothic style until the Reformation，即直到宗教改革时期，英国的教堂建筑一直延续的是晚期哥特式风格。因此填入 Gothic。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 rebirth 【试题解析】 本 题为细节题。讲座最后是对英国文艺复兴的评价： Historians have begun toconsider the word“Renaissance”as an unnecessarily loaded word that implies anunambiguously positive“rebirth”from
48、the supposedly more primitive Middle Ages即历史学家认为 “Renaissance(文艺复兴 )”这个词承载了多余的意思，清楚地暗含了更远古的中世纪的文艺的 “rebirth(重生 )”。因此填入 rebirth。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 highlights 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座最后提到： Many historians and cultural historians nowprefer to use the term“early modem”for this period， a term that highlights the period as atransitional one that led to the modern world，即许多历史学家和文化史学家现在更愿意使用 “early Modern(现代早期 )”这一术语表示这一时期，目的在于强调这是通向现代时期的过渡阶段。因此填入 highlights。 【知识模块】 讲座
