1、专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷 206及答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptabl
2、e. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 Academic Titles at US Colleges I. Tenure professors A 【 T1】 _is usually needed 【 T1】 _ The appointment is【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ They cant be【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ II.【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ The first job on the tenure
3、track 【 T5】 _years to gain tenure【 T5】 _ If tenure is【 T6】 _, they have to find another job【 T6】 _ .【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ Assistant professors who receive tenure IV. Adjunct professors Teach for a【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ Lower pay and no【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ Account for 68% of all teacher appointments partly because of【 T1
4、0】 _【 T10】 _ Have no time or support to help students V. Visiting professors Get a job at one school but works at another VI. Lecturers Teach classes A doctorate is not a necessary condition 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 10 Comparing the TOEFL, IEL
5、TS, and TOEIC Tests Three popular standardized tests of English a) TOEIC tests【 T1】 _in international workplace【 T1】 _ started in the 1970s requires no special business terms and questions have to do with【 T2】 _【 T2】_ 【 T3】 _organizations in 150 countries use it【 T3】 _ b) TOEFL 【 T4】 _: for internat
6、ional student admissions【 T4】 _ TOEFL ITP: used in【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ not accepted for entrance to universities TOEFL Junior/Primary Test: for young English learners c) IELTS has two forms topics and materials IELTS covered: The Academic IELTS: in undergraduate, graduate, or【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ The【 T7】 _IELTS
7、: from everyday books, newspapers, magazines【 T7】 _ A students view of the Speaking section in TOEFL and the IELTS IELTS:【 T8】 _interview【 T8】 _ TOEFL IBT: record【 T9】 _ using a compute【 T9】 _ TOEFL IBT was more【 T10】 _ than IELTS【 T10】 _ 11 【 T1】 12 【 T2】 13 【 T3】 14 【 T4】 15 【 T5】 16 【 T6】 17 【 T7
8、】 18 【 T8】 19 【 T9】 20 【 T10】 专业英语四级（听力 ）模拟试卷 206答案与解析 SECTION A TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatica
9、lly and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 Academic Titles at US Colleges Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact, not even all
10、professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors. So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities? Get ready for a short lecture, especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education. (1)Pr
11、ofessors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professor
12、s do not have tenure. (2)Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. (3)A professor with tenure cannot be easily dismissed. Such appointments are permanent. Those hired with the understan
13、ding they will seek tenure are said to be “on the tenure track.“ (4)Assistant professor is the first job on this path. (5)Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time, other faculty members study the persons work. (6)If tenure is, denied, then the assistan
14、t professor usually has a year to find another job. Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to get research published. “Publish or perish“ is the traditional saying. (7)An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a fu
15、ll professor. Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other community activities. Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a
16、 tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions. (8)An adjunct professor is hired to teach for a limited time, usually one semester. Adjunct professors may have a doctorate. (9)But they receive lower pay than those on the tenure track and have no job security. The American Ass
17、ociation of University Professors says sixty-eight percent of all teacher appointments at American colleges today are adjuncts. (10)College officials say one reason is low budgets. Another is having the freedom to change teachers as courses become more or less popular. They also say part-time adjunc
18、ts can provide real world experience for their students. But the AAUP and other college officials say too many adjuncts mean lower educational quality. They say adjuncts do not have the time or support to help students outside class. And they say fewer tenure track positions mean fewer people to wor
19、k with students, create new courses and serve on committees. A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may or may not have a doctorate. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 doctoral degree/doctor degr
20、ee/doctorate 【试题解析】 本题考查成为终身聘用教授的必备条件之一。录音开头提到美国大学学术头衔很多，不是每个人都是教授，教授通常需要博士学位，因此填入doctoral degree，也可填入 doctor degree或 doctorate，表示 “博士学位 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 permanent 【试题解析】 录音提到， tenure professors属 于永久性聘任。所以本空需填入permanent，表示 “永久的，持久的 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 dismissed/fired 【试题解析】 录音提到终身聘用教授不能随随便便解雇
21、，聘期是长期的。故填入dismissed或 fired，表示 “解雇 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 Assistant professors 【试题解析】 本题考查某个学术职称。录音提到，从聘任之初开始，打算成为终身教授的人可以说是 “走上了终身教授的道路 ”，而在这条道路上第一份 工作就是助理教授，标题下的内容 The first job on the tenure track与之意思一致。因此填入 Assistant professors，注意首字母要大写，名词要用复数形式。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 Five to seven 5-7 【试题解析】 本题考查助理
22、教授需要多少年才能成为终身教授。录音提到，助理教授通常需要 5-7年才能获得永久性聘任，成为终生教授，所以此空填入 Five to seven或 5-7。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 denied refused 【试题解析】 本题考查助理教授在什么情况下需要再找一份工作。录音提到，在这期间其他教职工会考核其工作。争取终身职位的助理教授会因为要发表研究成果而倍感压力。如果被拒绝终身聘任，通常有一年的时间来找工作。因此填入denied或 refused。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 Associate professors 【试题解析】 本题考查某个学术职称。录音提到当助理教
23、授获得永久性聘任后就成为副教授。因此填入 Associate professors，注意 首字母要大写，名词要用复数形式。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 limited time/semester 【试题解析】 本题考查与兼职教授相关的内容。录音提及兼职教授的聘期有限，一般是一个学期。这里可以填 limited time或 semester。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 job security 【试题解析】 本题考查内容与兼职教授的待遇有关。录音提到，兼职教授虽然也有博士学位，但是一般他们的收入要比终身教授低，而且没有工作保障。因此填入 job security，表示 “工
24、作保障 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 low budgets 【试题解析】 本题考查 68的老师是兼职教授的原因。录音提到美国高校有68的老师是兼职教授，其中一个原因是低预算 (low budgets)，另一个原因是可根据课程的多少或热门程度进行更换老师的自由 (having the freedom to change teachers)。讲座每空填入的词不得多于 3词，因此填入 low budgets最为恰当。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Comparing the TOEFL, IELTS, and TOEIC Tests International stude
25、nts and workers must take a standardized test of English to move into higher levels of education and employment. There are three popular tests that universities or employers can use. They are the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the Test of English for International Communication (TOEI
26、C), and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). This lecture will talk about their difference. The Educational Testing Service (ETS), in Princeton, New Jersey, develops and administers both the TOEFL and the TOEIC. It says (1)the TOEIC measures the everyday English skills of peopl
27、e working in an international environment. The TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry asked ETS to develop a test for corporations to use. They wanted to know if non-native English speakers could carry out business in English. The TOEIC is based on
28、 English used in the workplace. But the test does not require knowledge of special business words. (2)The questions come from real situations like attending a company meeting. Organizations sometimes use the TOEIC to measure progress in English training programs. They also use it to consider people
29、for placement at the right level in language programs. (3)ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC. As to the TOEFL, there are several versions. (4)Many U.S. universities require the Internet-based TOEFL, or the TOEFL IBT, on a computer for international student admissions.
30、Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETSs institutional testing program. (5)TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities. For young English learners, there are tw
31、o new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for young people between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight. Finally, the IELTS. It has two forms. The Listening and Speaking sections are the same for both forms. In the Reading and Writing sections, however
32、, there are two different tests. (6)The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs. (7)The General IELTS uses topics and material from everyday books, newspapers and magazines. And here are Triwik Kurniasaris view of the tests for your refer
33、ence. Triwik Kurniasari is a graduate student at an American university. She has taken both the IBT and ITP forms of the TOEFL and the IELTS. She says the paper-based TOEFL is easier. It is similar to the multiple-choice tests students usually take. A major difference between the TOEFL IBT and the I
34、ELTS is in the Speaking section. (8)n the IELTS, you have a face-to-face interview with a certified examiner. (9)On the TOEFL IBT, you listen to a situation and record your response using a computer. Ms. Kurniasari explains why (10)the computer-based Speaking section of the TOEFL IBT was more challe
35、nging for her. 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 everyday English skills 【试题解析】 本题与托业 (TOEIC)考查的技能相关。录音提到，托业衡量的是在国际工作环境下人们的日常语言技能。题目中 tests是录音中 measures的同义替换，空格处填入 everyday English skills。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 real situations 【试题 解析】 录音提到，托业考试不要求掌握特殊的业务术语，问题与真实情境有关，如参加公司会议。因此空格填入 real situations。注意不要漏掉复数形式 -s。 【知识
36、模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 14000 【试题解析】 录音提到， 150个国家的 14,000个机构都在使用托业考试衡量英语上的进步或语言项目中的人员安排。空格处填人数字 14,000。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 Internet-based TOEFL TOEFL IBT 【试题解析】 录音提到， 托福考试的形式很多，许多大学要求外国学生入学参加在电脑上机考的托福考试 (Internet-based TOEFL)，又叫作 TOEFL IBT。根据空格后的 foradmissions 可知，此处可填入 Internet-based TOEFL或 TOEFL IBT。 【知识
37、模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 institutions 【试题解析】 本题考查托福纸质测验 (TOEFL ITP)的适用范围。录音提到TOEFL ITP用于机构内部人员安排或用于评定学生的进展，不能作入学的用途。因此填入 institutions。注意要用复数形式。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答案】 professional programs 【试题解析】 本题考查学术类雅思涵盖的范围。录音提到学术类雅思考试使用的话题或材料覆盖了本科、研究生及某些专业项目可能涉及的方面，空前出现了undergraduate(本科 )， graduate(研究生 )，因此空格填入 profession
38、al programs。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 General 【试题解析】 录音提到，移民类雅思 (General IELTS)使用的话题或材料来自书本、报纸和杂志，由题目中的 books， newspapers， magazines可知，空格填入General，注意专有名词的首字母要大写。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正确答案】 face-to-face 【试题解析】 此部分内容为某学生眼中托福、雅思口语考试的不同。录音提到，Triwik Kurniasari认为雅思和托福最大的区别在口语测试，雅思口语是与考官面对面的交流。根据空格后的 interview可知，这里应该填入 face-to-face。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 response/answer 【试题解析】 录音提到，托福口语考试是机考，先听某个场景，然后用电脑将回答录制下来。因此填入 response“回答 ”，也可以用 answer作答。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 challenging/difficult 【试题解析】 录音结尾 Triwik Kurniasari总结说托福机考更具有挑战性，因此应填入 challenging。也可根据他对托福机考、纸考和雅思考试的比较 (托福纸考比较 简单，托福机考最难 )，填入 difficult。 【知识模块】 讲座
