1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 138及答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Climbing to the top of my nearest hill in San F
2、rancisco, my purpose is not to enjoy the view but to experience a bit of fresh air and nature. Some birds dwell in these urban islands of trees, bushes and soil. So few people are there, but they are happy, relaxed and friendly(unless insane and out to rob). I find the view of San Francisco Bay and
3、the metropolis most disturbing, seeing in all directions the industrial activity and oil-fueled trade of questionable imported products. Massive port facilities dwarf the human scale of sustainable import/export. A very small number of sailboats for pleasure cant quite offer a vision of renewable-en
4、ergy travel and exchange. Passenger planes take off, military jets show off their ear-splitting capabilities, all against the backdrop of polluted air that is warming in general thanks to commercial activity and the mindless consumption by the individual. The hills are full of roads and energy-wasti
5、ng houses. Its not like this everywhere; the hills around Kyoto are pitch black at night, for they consist of forest, trails and small, outdoor temples. (2)Seven million people surround me in this metropolitan area. Those among them who really care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs,
6、 or what pregnant celebrity has checked into a drug rehabilitation facility, are not likely to be trying to live lightly on the planet. Normal citizens under the spell of mass media want to consume, and be given answers and easy fixes. They may get what they want tonight, and a-gain, and again, but
7、it will come to an abrupt end, and will people pick up a shovel to plant food or pick up the gun to take others food? That depends on the area affected, the culture(urban U.S. or otherwise), and population size. (3)Why should I be disturbed by what I see now, when all is basically calm? Or feel unea
8、sy as I stroll about in the safety of my comfortable home? Is not San Francisco and the surrounding area a great city, with many wonderful people and activities to appreciate? What about the noble struggles of valiant, compromised hard-working people, or the dysfunctional and disabled folk who are r
9、eally kind? The social injustice that is still pervasive, in our boastful age of scientific and technological power, is outrageous and occupies many of the best hearts and minds in the world who live in our very midst. Much of what ails people, it is thought, is that they do not have enough cheap, a
10、ffordable energy or material things that are supposed to both satisfy and uplift. More public funds for health care, through an end to costly, imperialist wars, would be the ticket to a healthy society, in the eyes of more and more. (4)Except, that selfless aspiration is becoming clouded with the un
11、certainty and fright growing around our awakening to climate change. In the buzzing Bay Area and every other large and small city, we are behaving as if there is no threat to the climate and thus our future survival as a species. Just looking around at the unceasing traffic, it is clear that basic,
12、radical but easy solutions are being kept on the shelf or buried. Tiny changes, usually just initiatives that dont threaten the current life style(e.g., different engines), are called “green“. Green this and green that. But the big “greening“ will be the rediscovery of community and working with oth
13、ers as if our survival depends on our collaboration as equals. Our bosses and political leaders have been as useful in the needed transition asto borrow an expression from my late father tits on a bull. 1 What do the “few people“ do on top of the hill? （ A） They are the rich residents of the city. （
14、 B） They are there to enjoy the natural beauty. （ C） They are attracted by the view of San Francisco Bay. （ D） They attack the tourists and rob them. 2 What does the author feel about the hills around Kyoto? （ A） They are worth appreciating. （ B） They are not well-lit at night. （ C） They provide us
15、with the best living environment. （ D） They have scenes different from all the other hills. 3 According to the author, the people who care whether Barry Bonds used steroids to hit baseballs are likely to _. （ A） look at others with a critical eye （ B） live a comparatively lavish life （ C） value envi
16、ronmental protection （ D） disregard their health conditions 3 (1)Growing up as an Asian in Britain is much more than a question of facing discrimination and trying to find a decent job especially for a girl. She has to keep a delicate balance between two cultures: her own(Indian, Pakistani, Banglade
17、shi, etc.)and the British. (2)Seetha Crishna has written a booklet called Girls of Asian Origin in Britain. In it the girls she is most concerned with are those who are definitely different because they have gone through the British educational system and have therefore emerged with an identity whic
18、h is distinct from that of their parents. (3)“They speak English with regional English accents, they look comfortable in Western clothes, and they do not necessarily choose to work in a factory.“ But they are unmistakably Asian and they are still held by their Asian cultural roots. At home, an Asian
19、 girl may find herself conforming to the traditions and values of her parents, while at school she develops the attitudes and appetites of her British contemporaries. (4)As a result, Seetha Crishna found girls existing at two levels and inclined to question both. “But unless they can successfully ac
20、cept both, they will swing constantly from one level to the other, feeling trapped between the two at considerable cost to their own confidence and happiness.“ (5)For teenage girls, the main difficulty is to match the social life which their parents expect them to live with that enjoyed by their sch
21、oolmates. “If an Asian girls is invited out to a party or to a film by someone her mother has not met, that person must come and meet her mother before permission is given or refused. If a group of girls plan to go to the cinema, parents want them to be accompanied by brothers or male cousins, or ev
22、en by an older relative or a trusted adult friend of the family.“ (6)Friends are girl friends. “Friends of the opposite sex simply do not exist, except for a brothers male friends, who fall into the category of brothers.“ In South Asia, all this is taken for granted and all girls are subject to the
23、same rule. But in Britain an Asian girl can immediately see the difference between her own life and that of her English schoolmates, and this makes it seem unjust and unfair. Some parents are aware that this puts a strain on their daughters and are therefore prepared to turn a blind eye if the code
24、is sometimes broken. But above all they are anxious to “protect“ the girls. 4 What is NOT true about the Asian British parents? （ A） They speak English with their homeland accent. （ B） They make their living in Britain by working in a factory. （ C） They have never had any education in Britain. （ D）
25、They preserve their native traditions and values at home. 5 Seetha Crishna found that the girls are easily trapped between _. （ A） their Asian homes and British schools （ B） the parents cultures and traditions （ C） the Asian and the British values （ D） their confidence and happiness 5 (1)More and mo
26、re young athletes are taking part in risky, adventurous activities called “extreme sports“, or “X-sports“. Its philosophy is to get as close to the edge as possible. (2)In the past, young athletes would play hockey or baseball. Today, they want risk and excitement the closer to the edge the better.
27、They snowboard over cliffs and mountain-bike down steep mountains. They windsurf near hurricanes, go white-water rafting through rapids, and bungee-jump from towers. (3)Extreme sports started as an alternative to more expensive sports. A city kid who didnt have the money to buy expensive sports equi
28、pment could get a skateboard and have fun. But now it has become a whole new area of sports, with specialized equipment and high levels of skill. Theres even a special Olympics for extreme sports, called the Winter X-Games, which includes snow mountain biking and ice climbing. An Extreme Games compe
29、tition is held each summer in Rhode Island. It features sports such as sky surfing, where people jump from airplanes with surfboards attached to their feet. (4)What makes extreme sports so popular? “People love the excitement,“ says Murray Nussbaum, who sells sports equipment. “City people want to b
30、e outdoors on the weekend and do something challenging. The new e-quipment is so much better that people can take more risks without getting hurt.“ An athlete adds, “Sure theres a risk, but thats part of the appeal. Once you go mountain biking or snowboarding, its impossible to go back to bike ridin
31、g or skiing. Its just too boring.“ (5)Now even the older crowd is starting to join in. Every weekend a group of friends in their early 30s get together. During the week they work as computer programmers in the same office. On Sundays they rent mountain bikes that cost $2,000 each and ride down steep
32、 mountains together. (6)Extreme sports are certainly not for everyone. Most people still prefer to play baseball or basketball or watch sports on TV. But extreme sports are definitely gaining in popularity. 6 What do we know about Murray Nussbaums attitude towards extreme sports? （ A） He finds them
33、challenging. （ B） He is excited about them. （ C） He finds them risky. （ D） He is being neutral. 7 Which of the following is NOT true about extreme sports according to the passage? （ A） Extreme sports are not as popular as baseball or basketball. （ B） Extreme sports are principally popular among youn
34、g people. （ C） Extreme sports will have a more and more prosperous market. （ D） Extreme sports require more skills than most of the other sports. 7 (1)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and anot
35、her is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. (2)Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools
36、of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture“. (3)Those who support the “nature“ side of
37、 the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that
38、 our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. (4)Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we w
39、ill act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. (5)The social and political impl
40、ications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in sco
41、res are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. (6)Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quit
42、e likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 8 The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem _. （ A） why our personalities and behaviors differ （ B） what makes different stages of intelligen
43、ce （ C） how social scientists form different theories （ D） what causes the “nature/nurture“ controversy 9 Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature“ school? （ A） We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. （ B） Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. （
44、 C） Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors. （ D） Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts. 10 What can we learn about the behaviorists? （ A） They believe human beings are mechanical. （ B） They compare our behaviors to the machines. （ C） They suggest that we react to the en
45、vironment as the machines do. （ D） They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. 二、 SECTION B In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided. 11 PASSAGE ONE 11 Wh
46、at problem is the author most worried about as it is shown at the end of the passage? 12 PASSAGE TWO 12 Among girls of Asian origin, girls from which part of Asian is Seetha Crishna most concerned about? 13 PASSAGE THREE 13 Which paragraphs support the authors idea that extreme games are popular? 13
47、 PASSAGE FOUR 14 What word can be used to replace “proponents“ in the Paragraph Four? 15 Which side does the author stand by, “nature“ or “nurture“? 专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 138答案与解析 一、 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are
48、 four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据第 1段第 3句的 happy， relaxed and friendly及第 1、 2句的内容可以推断这 few people和作者一样上山是为了呼吸新鲜空气和亲近自然的，由此看来， B与原文内容最接近，选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 作者在第 1段倒数第 2句批评三藩市附近的山路多，房子也多，风景不好；末句以
49、 Kyoto为例说明别处的山并非如此。由此可见，作者对京都的山抱着正面、赞赏的态度，故本题应选 A。 第 1段末句的 pitchblack at night旨在说明京都的山自然风貌保持良好，将其理解为照明不够是断章取义， B不能选；作者显然反对破坏自然环境在山上修建房屋，而且作者本段没有讨论 the best living environment，他只是通过描述山上看到的景色强调应注重可持续发展，故 C不正确：虽然本段末句有提到京都的山与三藩市的山不一样，但两者风景的不同并不是焦点，作者的焦点仍然是可持续发展， D太肤浅，不能选。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 根据题干的 Barry Bonds定位到第 2段第 2句。本题实际上考查对live lightly的理解， lightly应理解为 “节约地 ”，作者认为这些人不会 live lightly on the planet，也就是他们不会节约地生活，由此可见，本题应选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 3段首句的开头只提到了移民的第二代讲英语的时候带有英国的地方口音，但从这一句难以判定他们的父母英语讲得怎样，是带有英国地方口音，还是
