1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 196及答案与解析 SECTION A In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1) The reader may rest satisfied that Toms and Hucks
2、 windfall (意外之财 ) made a mighty stir in the poor little village of St. Petersburg. So vast a sum, all in actual cash, seemed next to incredible. It was talked about, gloated over, glorified, until the reason of many of the citizens tottered under the strain of the unhealthy excitement. Every “haunte
3、d“ house in St. Petersburg and the neighboring villages was dissected, plank by plank, and its foundations dug up and ransacked (搜遍 ) for hidden treasure and not by boys, but men pretty grave, unromantic men, too, some of them. Wherever Tom and Huck appeared they were courted, admired, stared at. Th
4、e boys were not able to remember that their remarks had possessed weight before; but now their sayings were treasured and repeated; everything they did seemed somehow to be regarded as remarkable; they had evidently lost the power of doing and saying commonplace things; moreover, their past history
5、was raked up and discovered to bear marks of conspicuous originality. The village paper published biographical sketches (传略 ) of the boys. (2) The Widow Douglas put Hucks money out at six per cent, and Judge Thatcher did the same with Toms at Aunt Pollys request. Each lad (男孩 ) had an income, now, t
6、hat was simply prodigious a dollar for every week-day in the year and half of the Sundays. It was just what the minister got no, it was what he was promised he generally couldnt collect it. A dollar and a quarter a week would board, lodge, and school a boy in those old simple days and clothe him and
7、 wash him, too, for that matter. (3) Judge Thatcher had conceived a great opinion of Tom. He said that no commonplace boy would ever have got his daughter out of the cave. When Becky told her father, in strict confidence, how Tom had taken her whipping at school, the Judge was visibly moved; and whe
8、n she pleaded grace for the mighty lie which Tom had told in order to shift that whipping from her shoulders to his own, the Judge said with a fine outburst that it was a noble, a generous, a magnanimous lie a lie that was worthy to hold up its head and march down through history breast to breast wi
9、th George Washingtons lauded Truth about the hatchet (短柄小斧 ) ! Becky thought her father had never looked so tall and so superb as when he walked the floor and stamped his foot and said that. She went straight off and told Tom about it. (4) Judge Thatcher hoped to see Tom a great lawyer or a great so
10、ldier some day. He said he meant to look to it that Tom should be admitted to the National Military Academy and afterward trained in the best law school in the country, in order that he might be ready for either career or both. (5) Huck Finns wealth and the fact that he was now under the Widow Dougl
11、as protection introduced him into society no, dragged him into it, hurled him into it and his sufferings were almost more than he could bear. The widows servants kept him clean and neat, combed and brushed, and they bedded him nightly in unsympathetic sheets that had not one little spot or stain whi
12、ch he could press to his heart and know for a friend. He had to eat with a knife and fork; he had to use napkin, cup, and plate; he had to learn his book, he had to go to church; he had to talk so properly that speech was become insipid (枯燥乏味的 ) in his mouth; whithersoever he turned, the bars and sh
13、ackles (镣铐 ) of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot. (6) He bravely bore his miseries three weeks, and then one day turned up missing. For forty-eight hours the widow hunted for him everywhere in great distress. The public were profoundly concerned; they searched high and low, they
14、dragged the river for his body. Early the third morning Tom Sawyer wisely went poking among some old empty hogsheads (大桶 ) down behind the abandoned slaughter-house, and in one of them he found the refugee. Huck had slept there; he had just breakfasted upon some stolen odds and ends of food, and was
15、 lying off, now, in comfort, with his pipe. He was unkempt (蓬乱的 ), uncombed, and clad in the same old ruin of rags that had made him picturesque in the days when he was free and happy. 1 In Para. 2, the word “prodigious“ probably means_. （ A） enormous （ B） trivial （ C） common （ D） moderate 2 What ca
16、n be concluded from the passage about Judge Thatcher? （ A） He voluntarily helped Tom lend money for interests. （ B） He was touched by Toms help to his daughter. （ C） He thought highly of Toms lie about the whipping. （ D） He hoped Tom could receive military or law education. 3 According to Para. 5, H
17、uck Finn felt_living with the Widow Douglas. （ A） lonely （ B） dreadful （ C） furious （ D） excited 4 What can be inferred from Huck Finns missing? （ A） His missing drew great attention from the public. （ B） Some people thought he had died in the river. （ C） He was missing for three days. （ D） It was T
18、om Sawyer who found him. 4 (1) Youngsters have long crossed borders in search of an education. More than 2,000 years ago the Roman poet Horace went to Athens to join Platos Academy. Oxford University admitted its first known international student, Emo of Friesland, in 1190. Today more than 4. 5m stu
19、dents are enrolled in colleges and universities outside their own countries. Their fees subsidise local students. Their ideas broaden and enliven classroom debate. Most go home with happy memories and valuable contacts, making them more likely in later life to do business with the country where they
20、 studied. Those who stay on use what they have learned to make themselves and their hosts wealthier, by finding work as doctors, engineers or in some other skilled career. (2) Immigration policy is hard: Europe is tying itself in knots over how many Syrian refugees to admit. But the question of whet
21、her to welcome foreign students ought to be much easier. They more than pay their way. They add to the host countrys collective brainpower. And they are easy to assimilate (同化 ). Indeed, for ageing rich countries seeking to import young workers to plug skills gaps and prop up wobbly pension systems,
22、 they are ideal. A foreign graduate from a local university is likely to be well-qualified, fluent in the local lingo (语言 ) and at ease with local customs. Countries should be vying to attract such people. (3) Places with the good fortune to speak English have a gigantic head start (领先优势 ). Australi
23、a is the leader: a quarter of its tertiary students come from abroad, a bigger share than in any other country. Education is now its biggest export, after natural resources. For a while the influx of brainy foreigners was slowed by an overvalued currency and the reputational damage from the collapse
24、 of some badly run private colleges. But recently the Australian dollar has weakened, degree mills (野鸡大学 ) have been shut down, visa rules have been relaxed and foreign students have flooded back. Last year their numbers rose by 10% . (4) Canada, until recently an also-ran, now emulates Oz. In 2014
25、it set a goal of almost doubling the number of foreign students by 2022. It has streamlined visa applications and given international students the right to stay and work for up to three years after graduating. Those who want to make Canada their home have a good chance of being granted permanent res
26、idence. Its share of the market for footloose students is growing, and numbers have more than doubled in a decade. (5) America, by contrast, is horribly complacent. In absolute terms, it attracts the most foreign students, thanks to its size, its outstanding universities and the lure of Silicon Vall
27、ey and other brainworking hotspots. But it punches far below its weight: only 5% of the students on its campuses are foreign. Its visa rules are needlessly strict and stress keeping out terrorists rather than wooing (招揽 ) talent. It is hard for students to work, either part-time while studying or fo
28、r a year or two after graduation. The government wants to extend a scheme that allows those with science and technology qualifications to stay for up to 29 months after graduating. But unions oppose it, claiming that foreign students undercut their members wages. One that represents high-tech worker
29、s in Washington state has filed a court challenge, seeking to have the scheme axed. The self-harming state (6) Britain is even more reckless. It, too, has the huge advantages of famous universities and the English language. But its government has pledged to reduce net immigration to 100,000 people a
30、 year, and to this end it is squeezing students. Applying for a student visa has grown slower and costlier. Working part-time to pay fees is harder. And foreign students no longer have the right to stay and work for two years after graduation. Britains universities are losing market share: their for
31、eign enrolments are flat even as their main rivals are growing strongly. (7) Sajid Javid, Britains business secretary, says the aim is to “break the link“ between studying and immigration. This is precisely the wrong approach. For a country that wants to recruit talented, productive immigrants, it i
32、s hard to think of a better sifting process than a university education. Welcoming foreign students is a policy that costs less than nothing in the short term and brings huge rewards in the long term. Hence the bafflement of James Dyson, a billionaire inventor, who summed up Britains policy thus: “T
33、rainem up. Kickem out. Its a bit shortsighted, isnt it?“ 5 The following are reasons why Australia is becoming attractive again to foreign students EXCEPT_. （ A） the funding for badly run colleges （ B） the falling value of currency （ C） the management of degree mills （ D） the modified visa rules 6 W
34、hich of the following countries intends to change its visa policy to retain talented overseas students? （ A） Australia. （ B） Canada. （ C） America. （ D） Britain. 7 In order to reduce the number of foreign students, the British government has done all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） slow down the process
35、of a student visa application （ B） raise me cost of applying for a student visa （ C） launch a ban on working part-time while studying （ D） deprive their rights to work in England after graduation 7 (1) Every leader Ive ever met sees accountability (问责 ) as a foundational ingredient in a healthy and
36、sustainable culture. The problem is, as is often the case with leadership and management ideas, we use the word without really understanding what it means. (2) Usually, we make the mistake of holding on to one or both of these hidden beliefs: We have a deeply held association between accountability
37、and punishment instead of considering it a tool to help people unlock their highest self. We have a deeply held assumption that accountability is a one-off event rather than thinking its a long-term personal conversation between manager and employee. (3)I suggest thinking of accountability as a dial
38、 with five steps. You start at the low end, and then turn up the dial if necessary. (4) Its the first three steps what we call the mention, the invitation, and the conversation that most managers skip over, leading to employee disengagement and cultural stagnation. The last two steps, what we call t
39、he boundary and the limit, cover the ground of probation (试用期 ) and termination, albeit (虽然 ) in a far more humanistic and supportive frame. Fortunately, most managers have to use these more extreme steps only rarely; unfortunately, too many managers jump right to them, bypassing the first three ste
40、ps and leaving employees blindsided by tough feedback. (5) The first three steps cover the essential skills of naming, framing, and unpacking performance issues in a way that quickly moves from surface-level events to meaningful and actionable personal growth themes: (6) The mention. The first step
41、is naming small but problematic behaviors in an informal way in real time. By pulling an employee aside to put words to what youre noticing, instead of waiting for a crisis, you start to build a relationship of mutual respect. You show that you genuinely care about their growth by acknowledging that
42、 theyre overwhelmed instead of pretending you dont see and by helping them find their contribution to a conflict instead of letting it fester. (7) The invitation. Were great at seeing patterns in other peoples behavior; its harder to see those patterns in ourselves. The invitation is taking the time
43、 to help your employee connect the dots. For example, lets say you saw typos (打字错误 ) in a team members client e-mail on Monday, they seemed disengaged in a team meeting on Wednesday, and then there was a miscommunication (错误传达 ) with a teammate on Thursday. Ask them what those events might have in c
44、ommon, or point to a deeper theme. (8) The conversation. This is the place to go deeper, by asking questions that guide people to the “aha!“ moment, when they discover for themselves how changing this pattern at work would have positive impacts at home. It might sound something like this: “Weve been
45、 talking about you taking on too many projects and the impact thats having on the quality of the most important ones. Im not asking for you to share what you come up with here, but one question that helps me is, Where does this pattern show up in my personal life, and what would be the benefit if I
46、stopped? “ (9)The key to building the bridge between work performance and personal growth is to focus on impacts. How are people showing up in a way that is making life harder, more complicated, or more frustrating for the people around them? Its your job to guide them to make those connections. Its
47、 their job to do the work from there. (10) In short, be observant and address problems that you see. Follow up with your employee to let them know its important. Then walk it down with them to the place where the line between personal and professional growth disappears. Not because youve gone over t
48、hat line, but because youre treating them as a whole person. (11) At work as in life, we all need the people who care about us to reflect us back to ourselves, to be centered enough in themselves to let us work through our initial defensiveness and excuses so that we can let them go and get back to
49、the work of becoming a better version of ourselves. Accountability can help do that. 8 Accountability is regarded by the author as_. （ A） a kind of punishment to be carried out （ B） a means to help show employees highest self （ C） an event that will happen only once （ D） a public talk that will last for a long time 9 Which of the following statements belongs to the first three steps? （ A） This is where you are right now. （ B） This is where you say you want to be. （ C） This is the little mistake
