1、专业英语四级-22及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years 1 500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the 2 to the running of a marathon each week Even 3 of partic
2、ipation in walking and cycling are declining. All of which suggests we should be 4 to the nearest gym. But the green policies of these establishments 5 to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise 6 and the fact that 90% of exercisers 7 to t
3、he gym. British Military Fitness, the UKs leading 8 fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the 9 of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation advocates not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, 10 our need to spend time in the
4、great outdoors to 11 overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fitness rates, so the complete moral workout doesnt merely 12 the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be 13 by joining in. It also 14 to start early. Children urgently need t
5、o become more 15 , and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of tinge and 16 children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places 17 woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40%
6、of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are 18 to nature will continue to visit 19 landscapes in adulthood and be committed 20 retaining them.（分数：30.00）A.exitB.exhaustC.executeD.expendA.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalentA.speedB.rhythmC.ratesD.ratioA.forcedB.marchedC.compelledD.
7、accompaniedA.intendB.appealC.tendD.yieldA.equipmentB.applianceC.utilityD.instrumentA.driveB.walkC.moveD.runA.indoorB.insideC.outdoorD.outsideA.shapeB.frameC.scopeD.fieldA.stillB.butC.alsoD.andA.entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintainA.assessB.symbolizeC.proofD.checkA.existedB.exhibitedC.gainedD.addedA.pa
8、ysB.fitsC.yieldsD.adjustsA.diligentB.activeC.persistentD.responsibleA.contractB.contrastC.conflictD.contactA.for exampleB.as forC.such asD.as toA.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introducedA.mysteriousB.naturalC.grandD.uniqueA.inB.forC.toD.ofEvidence of the benefits that volunteering can bring older peop
9、le continues to roll in. Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning, said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has 21 older volunteers. They report better well- being and greater life 22 . Theres a reduced risk of death compare
10、d to non-volunteers. It was reported a few weeks back on a public school program 23 volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to 24 their risk of cognitive (认知的) decline. 25 were also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr. Tangs most recent study, 26 in The Gerontolog
11、ist , she 27 207 volunteers (average age: 72) who spent 28 average six hours a week on programs providing 29 services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results 30 how important the programs organization and administration can be. Volunteers reported greater socioemotional benefitsa
12、 sense of having made important 31 , feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs 32 greater organizational support. Whats organizational support? Thoughtfully 33 volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel 34 with the work environment, the 35 , the task, t
13、he possible challenges 36 . Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation, 37 small stipends (薪金). Recognizing their efforts 38 events or awards. Organizational support is more important than the individual characteristics of the volunteer, 39 longer par
14、ticipation and greater benefit, Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to 40 and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：30.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studiedA.satisfactionB.achievementC.distractionD.engagementA.thatB.whoseC.its
15、D.whatA.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduceA.ButB.AndC.SinceD.AsA.publishedB.publishingC.having publishedD.to publishA.investigatedB.detectedC.surveyedD.inquiredA.onB.byC.inD.underA.someB.theseC.soD.suchA.dictateB.demonstrateC.illustrateD.interpretA.effortsB.progressC.commitmentsD.contributionsA.provid
16、edB.aidedC.convincedD.equippedA.connectingB.blendingC.matchingD.fittingA.familiarB.comfortableC.contentD.freeA.stuffB.locationC.operationD.staffA.alongB.forwardC.behindD.aheadA.thoughB.evenC.stillD.besidesA.byB.withC.throughD.forA.regardless ofB.because ofC.in terms ofD.thanks toA.registerB.recruitC
17、.enrichD.thrillUsually it is the children, not the parents, who are unwilling to spend their evenings practising spelling and learning times tables. But a Canadian couple have just won a legal battle to 41 their offspring from homework after 42 arguing there is no clear evidence it 43 academic perfo
18、rmance. Shelli and Tom Milley, two lawyers from Calgary, Alberta, launched their highly 44 case after years of struggling to make their three 45 children do school work out of the classroom. After waging a long 46 with their eldest son over his homework, they decided to do things 47 with their young
19、est two. And being lawyers, they decided to make it official. It took two years to 48 the Milleys Differentiated Homework Plan, which 49 their youngest two children will never have to do homework again at their 50 school. The two-page plan, signed by the children, parents and teachers, states that h
20、omework will not be used as a 51 of evaluation for the children. 52 , the pupils promise to get their work done in class, to come to school prepared, and to 53 for tests. Two years ago, Shelli began collecting studies 54 homework, most of which suggest that, 55 for younger grades, there is no clear
21、56 between work at home and school performance. Working with the staff at St Brigid Elementary/Junior High School, she formed a homework committee. When no firm changes 57 from the committee, the couple began negotiating the 58 document that decided the matter. We think its a parents 59 to choose wh
22、ats in our childrens best 60 , said Shelli. But were thankful the school did the right thing.（分数：40.00）A.protestB.exemptC.prohibitD.exemplifyA.instantlyB.fiercelyC.fairlyD.successfullyA.improvesB.motivatesC.dragsD.recoversA.idealB.seriousC.irrationalD.unusualA.lazyB.obedientC.reluctantD.ignorantA.wa
23、rB.disputeC.bargainD.consultationA.strictlyB.differentlyC.humblyD.peacefullyA.generateB.practiceC.negotiateD.inspectA.ensuresB.assumesC.entitlesD.assuresA.oldB.currentC.latestD.newA.formB.scaleC.phaseD.signalA.By contrastB.In returnC.In turnD.In particularA.resumeB.repeatC.retreatD.reviseA.onB.overC
24、.ofD.aroundA.evenB.barelyC.especiallyD.speciallyA.linkB.differenceC.gapD.obstacleA.ledB.resultedC.broughtD.receivedA.formalB.changeableC.reliableD.legalA.habitB.rightC.demandD.responsibilityA.witsB.moodsC.interestsD.roles专业英语四级-22答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)In Europe, there has
25、 been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years 1 500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the 2 to the running of a marathon each week Even 3 of participation in walking and cycling are declining. All of which suggests we should be
26、 4 to the nearest gym. But the green policies of these establishments 5 to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise 6 and the fact that 90% of exercisers 7 to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UKs leading 8 fitness provider, offers a p
27、rogramme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the 9 of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation advocates not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, 10 our need to spend time in the great outdoors to 11 overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is de
28、clining as fast as our fitness rates, so the complete moral workout doesnt merely 12 the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be 13 by joining in. It also 14 to start early. Children urgently need to become more 15 , and yet according to Natural England, a public body that enco
29、urages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of tinge and 16 children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places 17 woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are 18 to nature will
30、 continue to visit 19 landscapes in adulthood and be committed 20 retaining them.（分数：30.00）A.exitB.exhaustC.executeD.expend解析：解析 首句讲人们体力活动减少，即消耗的能量也变少，所以此处选expend“消耗”。exhaust“用完”；exit“退出”；execute“执行”。A.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalent解析：解析 本句开头的This指代的是“每天少消耗的500kcal能量”，而空格后提到“每周跑一次马拉松”，符合逻辑的应是每
31、周跑一次马拉松消耗的能量与“每天少消耗的500kcal”在数量上相等，故选equivalent“等价物”。amount“总数”和quantity“数量”后接介词of；extent“程度”。A.speedB.rhythmC.ratesD.ratio解析：解析 rates指部分相对整体形成的“比率”，rates of participation即参加人数的比率，符合句意。ratio也是“比率”的意思，但表达的是两个数字间的比率，介词一般是用between。A.forcedB.marchedC.compelledD.accompanied解析：解析 march可用于march sb. to/into
32、“迫使某人走进”的结构，代入句中符合句意。forced“被迫”，compelled“强迫”，这两个词常用于be forced/compelled to do sth.结构；accompanied“陪伴”。A.intendB.appealC.tendD.yield解析：解析 这一句话的总体意思就是这些政策会令人失望，所以选tend，短语tend to意为“易于”。intend“打算”的意思，主语一般是人；appeal to“吸引”，宾语一般是人；yield to“屈服”。A.equipmentB.applianceC.utilityD.instrument解析：解析 四个选项中，跟“健身馆”有关
33、的是equipment“设备”，指体育健身器材。appliance尤指“家用电器”；utility指“公用事业”；instrument指“医疗或音乐器材”。A.driveB.walkC.moveD.run解析：解析 本句意为“事实上90%的锻炼者去体育馆”，由上文说的现在人们锻炼较少推断他们是开车去的，所以选drive“驾车到”。A.indoorB.insideC.outdoorD.outside解析：解析 由in parks, and on common lands可知活动是在室外的，所以选outdoor“室外的”。outside泛指“外面的”；indoor“室内的”；inside泛指“里面
34、的”。A.shapeB.frameC.scopeD.field解析：解析 空格后的Gym Intervention“体育健身教育”，是该组织的一种项目，一种形式，所以选shape“形式”。frame框架”；scope“范围”；field“领域”。A.stillB.butC.alsoD.and解析：解析 not only.but (also).是常见搭配，also可省略，意为“不仅，而且”。A.entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintain解析：解析 空格前提到“我们需要花时间在户外活动”，根据常识，在户外活动是可以让人保持身心健康，故选maintain“保持”。enter
35、tain“娱乐”；grasp抓住”；endure“忍受”。A.assessB.symbolizeC.proofD.check解析：解析 上文讲到体育馆的环保措施令人失望，结合选项，推断这里是讲活动好坏不能单评估运动设施是否环保，还有其他的。故选assess“评估”，check“检查”；proof“校对”；symbolize“代表”。A.existedB.exhibitedC.gainedD.added解析：解析 这一句but also表明是一种递进关系，前一句是讲环保性，即获得的环境方面的效益，因此这一句应讲社会资本方面的收益，故选gained“获得”。added“增加”；exist“存在”；
36、exhibit“展示”。A.paysB.fitsC.yieldsD.adjusts解析：解析 后面一整段讲述了让孩子尽早多接触自然的好处，所以选pays“对有利”。yields“生产，产出”一般指庄稼等的收成；fits“合适”；adjusts“调整”。A.diligentB.activeC.persistentD.responsible解析：解析 根据常识，在自然环境中小孩能更自由自在地活动，因此推断也会更活泼好动点，选active“活跃的”。diligent“勤奋的”；responsible“有责任的”；persistent“坚持的”。A.contractB.contrastC.confli
37、ctD.contact解析：解析 空格与time并列，作have的宾语，且与with构成搭配。在自然环境中多花时间，就多一些与自然接触的机会，所以选contact“接触”。contract“合同”；contrast“对比”；conflict“冲突”。A.for exampleB.as forC.such asD.as to解析：解析 空格后列举了一些自然场所的例子，故选such as“例如”。for example也表“例如”，但后面通常会跟逗号，故排除；as for和as to意为“至于”。A.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introduced解析：解析 这里还是要
38、表达“接触自然”的意思，只是改成了被动语态。be introduced to有“融入，接触”的意思，所以选D项。resorted to“诉诸”；relieved“解除”；exiled“流放”。A.mysteriousB.naturalC.grandD.unique解析：解析 空格修饰名词landscape“风景”，在自然环境中，对应的就是自然风景，所以选natural“自然的”。mysterious“神秘的”；grand“宏伟的”；unique“唯一的”。A.inB.forC.toD.of解析：解析 be committed to是固定搭配，意为“致力于”。Evidence of the be
39、nefits that volunteering can bring older people continues to roll in. Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning, said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has 21 older volunteers. They report better well- being and greater lif
40、e 22 . Theres a reduced risk of death compared to non-volunteers. It was reported a few weeks back on a public school program 23 volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to 24 their risk of cognitive (认知的) decline. 25 were also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr.
41、Tangs most recent study, 26 in The Gerontologist , she 27 207 volunteers (average age: 72) who spent 28 average six hours a week on programs providing 29 services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results 30 how important the programs organization and administration can be. Volunte
42、ers reported greater socioemotional benefitsa sense of having made important 31 , feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs 32 greater organizational support. Whats organizational support? Thoughtfully 33 volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel 34 wi
43、th the work environment, the 35 , the task, the possible challenges 36 . Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation, 37 small stipends (薪金). Recognizing their efforts 38 events or awards. Organizational support is more important than the individual ch
44、aracteristics of the volunteer, 39 longer participation and greater benefit, Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to 40 and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：30.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studied解析：解析 上文提到唐冯彦的身份是一位助理教授，助
45、理教授的工作显然是做研究，因此选D。worship“崇拜”；train“培训”；penetrate“看穿”。A.satisfactionB.achievementC.distractionD.engagement解析：解析 上文提到“志愿者生理功能和社会功能都有所改善”，因此空格应表“生理或社会功能的改善”，“对生活更满意”符合要求，故选A。achievement“成就”；distraction“娱乐”；engagement“订婚”。A.thatB.whoseC.itsD.what解析：解析 分析句子结构，空格处为定语从句引导词，修饰program，引导词在从句中作定语，因此选whose，表示“该项目的志愿者”。A.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduce解析：解析 上文提到“志愿服务活动有益于老年人的健康”，结合空格后宾语risk(风险)，推断空格处填入“降低”含义的词，故选D。短语cut off“削减”后不接“风险”等作宾语。A.ButB.AndC.SinceD.As解析：解析 上一段提到“志愿者认知能力下降的风险似乎降低了”，而本句却说“并非
