1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 0 Jogging became popular some twenty years ago and has remained a favorite way of keeping fit for lots of people. If you have never tried it and are normally healthy, theres no reason why you shouldnt start jogging today! It is basically running at a steady speed over short or
2、 long distances. It is a form of exercise which can be enjoyed by males and females of any age. Teenagers can jog and so, with caution, can people in their seventies and eighties. Most people jog for half an hour or forty-five minutes each day but you can jog longer if you choose! One of the main ad
3、vantages of jogging has over many other sports is that it can be done anywhere. People jog around college campuses, around housing estates, in parks, in the countryside and even in urban areas. Special courts, fields, pitches and running tracks are not necessary. Similarly, no special equipment is r
4、equired no costly hats, rackets or balls and no expensive sports kit. Good quality running shoes are advisable but, otherwise the jogger can simply wear loose, comfortable clothing. Special jogging suits are widely available these days and can be bought quite cheaply but these are not essential. In
5、addition to being able to jog anywhere, you can also jog at any time, in any season! Its not unusual to see joggers exercising in the height of summer or in the depths of winter! Jogging is a solo sport. You dont need to wait until you have gathered a team or found a partner. You can jog alone. Ther
6、es no harm, of course, in jogging with a friend or partner and you may even prefer to have the company and motivation which a companion provides but only if its convenient. One of the greatest freedoms of jogging is simply being able to do it, whether its early in the morning or late at night. A few
7、 words of warning, however; lone female joggers should be especially careful to choose sensible jogging routes, particularly at night time, to minimize the risk of inviting unsolicited interest. The act of jogging doesnt require any special training or skill. You do need to be basically healthy(and,
8、 if you are in any doubt, you should consult your doctor)but then, after a few basic warm-up bends and stretches, you are ready to begin. You simply start running, gently, and then build up to a steady pace. You then maintain that pace over your chosen distance. Jogging is not sprinting. So do not o
9、ver-tire yourself by trying to go too fast. A steady, comfortable pace is your aim. Dont overdo things. Jogging is excellent for keeping fit. Its good for the lungs, the heart and the circulation. Its easy and convenient. Why dont you try it? If you require more information, talk to one of the instr
10、uctors at the sports centre. Were only too happy to help. Please remember: if you do decide to jog, talk to your doctor first if you have any health worries. And, ladies, do not jog alone in quiet places, especially after dark. Happy Jogging! 1 Where do you think the passage comes from? （ A） A newsp
11、aper. （ B） An information leaflet. （ C） A personal letter. （ D） An encyclopedia. 2 What is the style of the passage? （ A） Factual and personal. （ B） Literary and personal. （ C） Imaginative and personal. （ D） Impersonal and factual. 3 Whats the authors special suggestion for ladies who decide to jog?
12、 （ A） A few basic warm-up bends and stretches are necessary before jogging. （ B） Talk to one of the instructors at the sports centre. （ C） It is a form of exercise that every lady can choose. （ D） Dont jog alone along secluded ways after dark. 4 Which of the following is NOT among the advantages of
13、jogging mentioned in the passage? （ A） No special equipment is required. （ B） You can jog at any time. （ C） Jogging is excellent for keeping fit. （ D） A little training is enough to do it. 5 All of the following suggestions are correct EXCEPT that_. （ A） you should not over-tire yourself by trying t
14、o go too fast （ B） special jogging suits and shoes are essential （ C） ladies shouldnt jog alone in quiet places alter dark （ D） you should talk to your doctor first if you have any health worries 5 All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstance
15、s than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math
16、skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible. A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the
17、 number of children who dont complete school in her city, replied, “ I can tell you their names if you want. “ In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school 80 percent make it to college. Singapore
18、narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years. These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational inte
19、rvention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less lik
20、ely to have been in prison or divorced. Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school dont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, a
21、ttend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling. Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective
22、teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers. Finally, recognize the value of individ
23、ualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it. 6 Compared with their peers, kids with profession
24、al parents learn much more because they_. （ A） have good memory for vocabulary （ B） have better family financial conditions （ C） achieve higher grades on IQ tests （ D） use basic reading and math skills flexibly 7 What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2? （ A） She ex
25、pressed a desire to show off her good memory. （ B） She is willing to offer the information at any time. （ C） Her job requires her to remember all the students names. （ D） The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland. 8 The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success
26、in school and life is to_. （ A） receive a good and early pre-schooling （ B） prolong his or her learning time in school （ C） get instruction from more excellent teachers （ D） get person-to-person help from the teachers 9 Which of the following is INCORRECT about Singapores educational system? （ A） Th
27、ey spend money in training teachers. （ B） They give periodic assessment to teachers. （ C） They are strict about recruiting teachers. （ D） They give rewards to all the teachers. 10 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The importance of family economic conditions to kids success in study and lif
28、e. （ B） The achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones. （ C） Some countries having achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely. （ D） How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds. 10 In Japan, where career opportuniti
29、es for women are few, where divorce can mean a life of hardship, and where most female names are still formed using a word for child, a womans independence has always come at a steep price. Notions of womens liberation have never taken root among Japanese women. But with scant open conflict, the pus
30、h for separate burials is quietly becoming one of the countrys fastest growing social trends. In a recent survey by the TBS television network, 20 percent of the women who responded said they hoped to be buried separately from their husbands. The funerary revolt comes as women here annoy at Japans s
31、low pace in providing greater equality between the sexes. The law, for example, still makes it almost impossible for a woman to use her maiden name after marriage. Divorce rates are low by western standards, meanwhile, because achieving financial independence, or even obtaining a credit card in ones
32、 own name, are insurmountable hurdles for many divorced women. Until recently, society enforced restrictions on women even in death. Under Japans complex burial customs, divorced or unmarried women were traditionally unwelcome in most graveyards, where plots are still passed down through the husband
33、s family and descendants must provide maintenance for burial sites or lose them. “The woman who wanted to be buried alone couldnt find a graveyard until about 10 years ago, “ said Haruyo Inoue, a sociologist of death and burial at Japan University. She said that graveyards that did not require desce
34、ndants, in order to accommodate women, began appearing around 1990. Today, she said, that there are close to 400 of these cemeteries in Japan. That is just one sign of stirring among Japanese women, who are also pressing for the first time to change the law to be able to use their maiden names after
35、 marriage. Although credit goes beyond any individual, many women cite Junko Mastubara, a popular writer on womens issues, with igniting the trend to separate sex burials. Starting three years ago, Ms. Matsubara has built an association of nearly 600 women some divorced, some unhappily married, and
36、some determinedly single who plan to share a common plot curbed out of an ordinary cemetery in the western suburb of Chofu. 11 From the fact that divorce can mean a life of hardship for Japanese women, we can infer that_. （ A） many Japanese women have a bad relationship with their husbands （ B） many
37、 Japanese women live together with their husbands in perfect harmony （ C） many Japanese women have a low social status （ D） its an out-dated custom for Japanese women to be housewives 12 According to the passage, which of the following statements about the funeral revolt in Japan is INCORRECT? （ A）
38、It comes as the result of Japanese womens dissatisfaction with Japans slow pace in providing greater sex equality. （ B） More and more Japanese women choose the form of divorce to win the victory of funeral revolt. （ C） Japans complex burial customs make it more difficult for Japanese women to be bur
39、ied separately. （ D） More and more Japanese women prefer to be buried separately from their husbands. 13 The meaning of the word “ignite“ in the last paragraph is_. （ A） to cause to die （ B） to arouse the passion of （ C） to make angry （ D） to make gloom 14 According to the passage, the sex inequalit
40、ies that Japanese women endure include the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） they are forbidden to divorce （ B） they are restricted from being buried separately from their husbands （ C） the law makes it almost impossible for a woman to use her maiden name after marriage （ D） they hesitate to take part in
41、 womens liberation movements 15 In this passage, the author is mainly concerned with_. （ A） Japanese womens endeavors to win sex equality （ B） social and governmental obligation in eliminating sex inequality （ C） how Japanese laws prevent Japanese women from being buried alone （ D） how to change Jap
42、ans complex burial customs 15 Theres something about the Internet that can bring out meanness in teenagers. That is one finding of a study to be released Wednesday, reporting that nine in ten teenagers say they have witnessed cruelty by their peers on social networks. For the vast majority of teens,
43、 Facebook is the social network of choice. Incidents of mean and cruel behavior are pervasive and cut across all ages and backgrounds on social networks, according to the study by the Pew Research Centers Internet & American Life Project, which surveyed 800 children between the ages of 12 and 17. Th
44、e data on Internet experiences for young people is not all bad. Eight in ten teenagers said they have developed positive feelings about themselves and forged better friendships on social networking sites, according to Pew. Still, the prevalence of “mean“ behavior a term the center doesnt define rais
45、ed concerns among child-safety advocates and parents who say adolescents may be subjecting themselves to unhealthy online environments. “ For teens, these are exciting and rewarding spaces. But the majority have seen a darker side, “ said Amanda Lenhart, a co-author of Pews report, “Teens, Kindness
46、and Cruelty on Social Network Sites. Of course, bad behavior among children has been around as long as youngsters have stolen milk money and scribbled insults on bathroom walls, experts say. And online bullying is not as common as what takes place on the schoolyard or in the hallway, Pew said. But t
47、here is something about the ease of communication on the Internet that invites an abundance of commentary about peers, experts say. That escalates when people gang up on an individual. Of the teens who said they witnessed cruelty online, 21 percent said they joined in the harassment. Three out of 10
48、 girls ages 12 to 13 said they have experienced mostly unkind treatment on social networks the most negative response of any group of youth, according to the report. Lenhart and other experts on social media said teenagers see themselves differently online than in the real world. Some assume a sort
49、of “alter ego“ on the Web, engaging in conversation with more bravado(冒险 )and taking more risks than they do when face to face with a peer, she said. Peers can be particularly cruel on sites such as FormSpring that allow users to post comments anonymously, or on the comment boards of sites such as You-Tube, according to experts. Facebook with 800 million global users requires its members to use their real identities , which it thinks is one way to prevent anonymous bullying. It also allows users
