1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Food is to the blood_reading is to the mind. （ A） that （ B） which （ C） what （ D） so 2 _rich or poor, I will marry him all the same. （ A） Were he （ B） Be he （ C） May he be （ D） No matter he is 3 He had more dictionaries than_for his work. （ A） they
2、are needed （ B） it was needed （ C） were necessary （ D） necessary were they 4 _yelling at me like this? Its you who are to blame for this affair. （ A） Where is the point of （ B） What is the point for （ C） Where is the point as to （ D） What is the point of 5 They are considering_the house before the p
3、rices go down. （ A） selling （ B） of selling （ C） to sell （ D） over selling 6 The president of the college, together with the deans,_a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. （ A） is planning （ B） are planning （ C） are to plan （ D） have planned 7 Tom was glad that his success w
4、ould_for those who would follow. （ A） be easier （ B） be easier to make （ C） make it easier （ D） make things easier 8 They will get the job done in_time. （ A） three quarter of an hour （ B） three quarters of an hour （ C） three quarter of an hours （ D） three quarters of an hours 9 To succeed in a scien
5、tific research project,_. （ A） persistence is needed （ B） persistence is what one needs （ C） one needs to be persistent （ D） one needs be a persistent person 10 Kunming is usually cool in the summer, but Shanghai_. （ A） is rarely （ B） is hardly （ C） rarely is （ D） hardly is 11 Largely due to the uni
6、versity tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works_. （ A） industrially （ B） industriously （ C） consciously （ D） purposefully 12 I dont think its sensible of you to_your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her. （ A） show up （ B） show o
7、ff （ C） show out （ D） show away 13 _, he did become annoyed with her at times. （ A） Much as he liked her （ B） As he liked her much （ C） Although much he liked her （ D） Much although he liked her 14 If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be_. （ A） empowered
8、（ B） punished （ C） polluted （ D） annihilated 15 One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to_further research and further thinking about a particular topic. （ A） invent （ B） stimulate （ C） renovate （ D） advocate 16 When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen
9、 or eighteen, Frank Anderson_going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. （ A） took to （ B） took up （ C） took on （ D） took in 17 In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or_for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic progr
10、am for the reading skills. （ A） appointed （ B） assembled （ C） acknowledged （ D） adapted 18 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe_Europe into a bloody war. （ A） imposed （ B） plunged （ C） pitched （ D） inserted 19 The municipal planning commission said that thei
11、r financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax_. （ A） privileges （ B） efficiency （ C） revenues （ D） validity 20 The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in_again next spring. （ A） convention （ B） conferenc
12、e （ C） session （ D） assembly 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 The 19th-century British Aristocracy The British aristocracy had always been involved in industrialization, especially in the development of mining, canals, and railways. It now shrewdly associated itself with the new wave of commercial expans
13、ion: most banks and insurance companies had a lord to add tone to the managerial board. It also shored up its fortunes by astute marriages, notably with the new aristocracy of wealth in the United States; the best-known example was the marriage of the duke of Marlborough to Consuelo Vanderbilt. By t
14、hese means, many of the great aristocratic estates were preserved despite agricultural decline. But they were playthings as well as engines of wealth, and came to be treated as such. The aristocracy came to be known to the urban population chiefly through their representation in the popular press an
15、d magazines as men and women of leisure: racing, hunting, shooting, and fishing in the country, gambling and attending the season in London. In a population for which leisure was becoming increasingly important, this did not make the aristocracy unpopular. 21 In the second sentence of this passage,
16、“had a lord to add tone to the managerial board“ means that_. （ A） the banks and insurance companies would hire a lord on the board to give advice to their management （ B） having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public image （ C） lords worked for the banks and
17、 insurance companies to bring in more profits （ D） it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company 22 The “astute marriages“ in the passage refers to marriages between_. （ A） British aristocracy and rich American entrepreneurs （ B） old British aristocratic famil
18、ies and newly knighted aristocracy of wealth （ C） aristocratic families and new business families of money and enterprises （ D） big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry 23 Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was_. （ A） Male, and
19、from a rich business family in the United Sates （ B） Female, and from a British wealthy family of industry （ C） Male, and from a rich industrial family of Britain （ D） Female, and from an entrepreneur family in America 24 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） The 19th-century British arist
20、ocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were used to make money by press. （ B） The 19th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits for them. （ C） The 19th-century British aristocrats acted as playmates of people in pleasure-seeking such
21、as hunting, fishing, and shooting. （ D） The 19th-century British aristocrats were popular figures in advertisements because they lived a leisurely life. 24 Waking Up from the American Dream There has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “Wal-Martization“of America, which refers to the att
22、empt of Americas giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like strategies to control labor costs, such as hiring temps(temporary workers)and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders a
23、nd outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad. While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, theyre costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, of-ten dead-end jobs. Many middle-inco
24、me and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift word to subcontractors and temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and In-dia. The result has been an erosion of one of Americas most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladd
25、er over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middle class as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 19
26、70s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages. Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools inadequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous strug
27、gle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses. 25 The American dream in this passage mainly refers to_. （ A） there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the society （ B）
28、 Americans can always move up the pay ladder （ C） American young people can have access to college, even they are poor （ D） the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs 26 Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to_. （ A） hire temps and part-timers to reduce its cost （ B） ou
29、tsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroad （ C） hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costs （ D） dismantle the career ladder and stop peoples mobility upward 27 Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping co
30、sts at rock-bottom levels. （ B） Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S. . （ C） More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India. （ D） Although people know how to restore American mobility, its difficult to change the present situation. 2
31、7 Thanks in no small part to Al Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse. For reasons both e
32、conomic and political coal is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the USs electricity and releases about 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends continue, these figures will more than double
33、 by 2050, much to the detriment of the worlds climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal. Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, but the bigger challenge
34、 is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations policy is counterproductive. It is time for the US government to put a price on carbon
35、emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarded: Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring Americas green credentials. 28 According to the author, what adds to the seri
36、ousness of global warming? （ A） The American public was ignorant of the problem. （ B） The American government is doing nothing to deal with the problem. （ C） The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbon emissions. （ D） There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil whi
37、ch has large carbon emissions. 29 Which of the following is TRUE about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions? （ A） The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions. （ B） The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies. （ C） The gov
38、ernment policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive. （ D） The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues. 30 What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem? （ A） The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technology. （ B
39、） The government should reward utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emission. （ C） The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees. （ D） The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions. 30 Read the following passage carefully and then
40、 explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.(15%) 【 P1】 lt is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory As to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going,
41、 so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future. History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience.【 P2】Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for individual. History shoul
42、d forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the pos
43、sibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive. 【 P3】 A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to
44、history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom.【 P4】 History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation. The great strength of history is its capacity for self-corr
45、ection. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before.【 P5】 A nations history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens. 31 【 P1】 32 【 P2】 33 【 P3】 34 【 P4】 35 【 P5】 三、 Cloze 35 Last year French drivers kill
46、ed【 C1】 _than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely【 C2】 _the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nations highways since 2003, which experts reckon【 C3】_3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plants to install 500【 C4】
47、 _radar devices this year. So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses【 C5】 _the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last years London bombing, in which video came
48、ras【 C6】 _a key role in identifying the perpetrators,have helped spur a sea change.A month【 C7】 _the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, internet and phone data for “anti-terror“【 C8】 _. In a British poll, 73 percent
49、 of respondents said they were【 C9】 _to give up some civil liberty to improve【 C10】 _. 36 【 C1】 37 【 C2】 38 【 C3】 39 【 C4】 40 【 C5】 41 【 C6】 42 【 C7】 43 【 C8】 44 【 C9】 45 【 C10】 四、 Proofreading 45 【 M1】 “There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest,“ said Martin Shell, Stanfords vice president for development.【 M2】 “This is an unbelievably ge
