1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 There seemed little hope that the explorer,_in the tropical forest, would find bis way out. （ A） having been deserted （ B） having deserted （ C） to have been deserted （ D） to be deserted 2 By signing an application, I asked that an account_for me an
2、d a credit card issued as I requested. （ A） opened （ B） to be opened （ C） be opened （ D） was opened 3 _does he know that the police are about to arrest him. （ A） Seldom （ B） Little （ C） Only （ D） Never 4 The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers_for. （ A） demonstr
3、ate （ B） demonstrated （ C） be demonstrating （ D） had been demonstrating 5 But for his courage, the battle_. （ A） was lost （ B） would be lost （ C） would have been lost （ D） was to be lost 6 _some questions about the bookkeepers honesty, the company asked him to leave. （ A） There being （ B） There be （
4、 C） Being （ D） Having 7 Lisa stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her sides, heels slightly raised, every muscle_action. （ A） anticipated （ B） to anticipate （ C） anticipating （ D） having been anticipating 8 I didnt send out my application form last week, but I_. （ A） had to （ B）
5、 would （ C） must （ D） should have 9 I wish_to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear its a beautiful city. （ A） I went （ B） I had gone （ C） to go （ D） to have gone 10 I_have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. （ A） neednt （ B） oughtnt to （ C） wouldnt （ D） shouldnt 11 This sort of
6、 rude behavior in public hardly_a person in your position. （ A） becomes （ B） fits （ C） supports （ D） improves 12 I must leave now._, if you want that book I II bring it next time. （ A） Accidentally （ B） Incidentally （ C） Eventually （ D） Naturally 13 After a long delay, she_replying to my e-mail. （ A
7、） got away with （ B） got back at （ C） got back （ D） got round to 14 Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are_available these days. （ A） promptly （ B） instantly （ C） readily （ D） quickly 15 In my first year at the university, I learnt the_of journalism. （ A） bas
8、ics （ B） basic （ C） elementary （ D） elements 16 According to the new tax law, any money earned over that level is taxed at the_of 59 percent. （ A） ratio （ B） percentage （ C） proportion （ D） rate 17 Thousands of_at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance. （ A） audi
9、ence （ B） participants （ C） spectators （ D） observers 18 We stood still, gazing out over the limitless_of the desert. （ A） space （ B） expanse （ C） stretch （ D） land 19 Doctor often_uneasiness in the people they deal with. （ A） smell （ B） hare （ C） sense （ D） tough 20 Many sat at the table, looked at
10、 the plate and_her lips. （ A） smacked （ B） opened （ C） parted （ D） separated 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of
11、motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting , has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide re
12、sources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidl
13、y and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and
14、 yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear
15、in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless oppo
16、rtunity. To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us-and the world-is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present system of government
17、. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and
18、 future generation. 21 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? （ A） Lack of financial planning. （ B） The breakup of the family. （ C） Natural disasters in many regions. （ D） The excessive growth of motors. 22 The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our
19、present situation is_. （ A） a continuation of our present serious state （ B） worldwide resources exploitation and energy use （ C） a movement forward to a new norm to planet research work （ D） a state where long range planning is essential to us 23 According to the author, what is one example of our
20、loss of morality? （ A） Disregard for law. （ B） Lack of devotion. （ C） Lack of cooperation. （ D） Exploitation of resources. 24 By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the_. （ A） significance of this crisis （ B） inadequacy of governments （ C） similarity of the past
21、to the present （ D） hopelessness of the situation 25 According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel people must now make? （ A） Search for new energy sources. （ B） Outlaw motor transportation. （ C） Accept a new life style. （ D） Adopt a new form of government. 25 Futurists hav
22、e identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the U-nited States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society. Second, modern societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metap
23、hors to these changes, including Daniel Bells “postindustrial society“, Alvin Toffiers “the third wave“ and John Naisbitts “megatrends “. Common to these metaphors is the notion that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the
24、 coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a myriad of choices. The world will increasingly be one of many flavors, not just vanilla(香草 )or chocolate. Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witne
25、ssing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model, one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, a
26、nd it reached its peak with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biological model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physica
27、l energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes “miniaturize“ size, energy, and materials by “exploding“ information. The human brain is some ten times the size and weight of the brain of a lemur, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result
28、, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive. Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and interpreting these developments and other aspects of change. 26 It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the c
29、hange of_. （ A） the instrument of production （ B） the size of the society （ C） the social structure （ D） the economic market 27 With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point? （ A） The steam engine. （ B） Nuclear power production. （ C） The combustion process. （ D） The energy producing proc
30、ess of the sun. 28 With the coming of the information age, the society is becoming. （ A） more intolerable （ B） larger （ C） more varie （ D） a more pleasant place 29 What characterizes the information society? （ A） The amount of knowledge to be learned. （ B） Physical energy and materials. （ C） Rapid c
31、hange and its social effects. （ D） Small size and high capacity. 30 What is the attitude of the author towards the function of sociologists in the great changes? （ A） Critical. （ B） Positive. （ C） Negative. （ D） Indifferent. 30 Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered an
32、d underlined parts.(“Paraphrase“ means “to explain the meaning in your own English“.)(75%) America Loses a Great Public Thinker Arthur Millers death last week meant more than the loss of an outstanding playwright. It was the loss of a great public thinker who believed strongly that the essence of Am
33、erica its greatness was in its promises.【 P1】 Miller knew what ignorance and fear and the madness of crowds, especially when exploited by sinister leadership, could do to those promises.【 P2】 His greatest concerns, “were with the moral corruption brought on by bending ones ideals to societys dictate
34、s, buying into the values of a group when they conflict with the voice of personal conscience.“【 P3】 The individual in Millers view, had an abiding moral responsibility for his or her own behavior, and for the behavior of society as a whole. He said that “I felt that as improbable as it might seem,
35、there were moments when an individual conscience was all that could keep a world from falling.“ Miller saw some of the differences in two sharply defined eras: the Depression-wracked 1930s and the prosperous postwar 1950s. It was perhaps around 1936, people who used to mind no polities began thinkin
36、g for the first time of common action as a way out of their impossible conditions.【 P4】 By the early 50s the agony of the Depression was gone. McCarthvism was in flower. After the 50s, however, Americans became more practical and pragmatic. The dean of the University of Michigan was complaining that
37、 his students highest goal was to fit in with corporate America rather than to separate truth from falsehood.【 P5】 “They become experts at grade-getting, but theres less speculating about the wrongs of the world and ideal solutions something no employer was interested in.“ Now Miller is gone, and if
38、 we are not wise enough to pay attention, his uncomfortable truths will die with him. 31 【 P1】 32 【 P2】 33 【 P3】 34 【 P4】 35 【 P5】 三、 Cloze 35 It is a dream world, where chemists can turn a sows ear into a silk purse, where bioengineers can put a little hit of a sheep into a wolf or vice versa and w
39、here the life-styles of the rich are beamed by satellite【 C1】 _every upwardly mobile village on the planet. Thanks to science and technology, more people are consuming a more amazing array of worldly goods than at any time in history. But beneath the surface all is not well. Like Oscar Wildes fictio
40、nal creation Dorian Gray, who stayed forever【 C2】 _while a portrait of him in the attic aged horribly, the modern economy masks a disfigured planet. The engine of consumption has scarred the land and stained the sea,【 C3】 _away at the foundations of nature and threatening to destroy humanitys only m
41、eans of survival. Todays elderly, bern at the beginning of last century, started life in a world【 C4】 _about 50% of its ancient forests still standing. Though far from pristine, it was a world of oceans and land masses teeming with all kinds of life. But those who will be born after the turn of the
42、millennium will【 C5】 _of age to find that previous generations have sguandered and defiled their inheritance, foreclosing some potions even as new ones were created. Our grandchildren may have【 C6】 _to conveniences that further reduce the drudgery of everyday life, but they will also inherit a plane
43、t with less than 20% of its original forests【 C7】 _, with most of the readily available freshwater already spoken for and much of the amble【 C8】 _under plough. They will inherit a stressed atmosphere and an unwanted legacy of toxic waste in the soil and water. Missing from the estate will be coantle
44、ss species, most【 C9】 _out before even【 C10】 _ catalogued by scientist. 36 【 C1】 37 【 C2】 38 【 C3】 39 【 C4】 40 【 C5】 41 【 C6】 42 【 C7】 43 【 C8】 44 【 C9】 45 【 C10】 四、 Proofreading 45 【 M1】 Mr. Judd is New Britains police commissioner from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1995.【 M2】 But Detective Harold
45、Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job involved more policy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide criminals.【 M3】 The gold badge was mere a university award.【 M4】 The governor said he would not ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a “misiud
46、gment“ and had written a letter of apologizing. 【 M5】 Later, Mr. Judds lawyer, Paul J. McQuillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as “the best thing to happen to New Britain.“【 M6】 “My experience and instinct as an E. M. T. and former police commissioner prompted me to inv
47、olve myself with this matter,“ Mr. Judd said in the statement.【 M7】 “In hindsight, I see it was mine to manage.“ 46 【 M1】 47 【 M2】 48 【 M3】 49 【 M4】 50 【 M5】 51 【 M6】 52 【 M7】 五、 Writing 53 In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life
48、and Work“ with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. 1在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是 。 2使我难忘的原因是 。 3它对我后来的影响是 。 北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 18答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 having been deserted
49、in the tropical forest“独自处在热带雨林之中 ”，是完成式现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 ask的宾语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气。 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 半否定词 little放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序。 seldom/never放在句首时句子也需用倒装语序； only引导的状语放在句首时也需用倒装语序，但这三个不合句意。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 demands后面的 that从句为限制性定语从句，因此从句谓语用陈述语气。 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 这是含蓄虚拟条件句， but for his courage“若没有他的勇敢 ”，是一个含蓄的虚拟条件。 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 There being some questions about the bookkeepers honesty“由于簿记员的诚实
