1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin.
2、1 下面你将听到的是一段有关减轻债务的讲话。 I want today to set debt reduction in the context of development challenges of poor countries. My key message is that we need a change in the way we look at the purpose of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty. I think that debt relief is a strong anti-poverty weapon
3、, but it must be part of a broader development strategy. We need to look beyond external sustainability to include internal sustainability as well. Domestic debt in some countries is a huge problem, and for several African countries it takes more than 10% of domestic revenue. This points us back to
4、the government budget. We should think about working not just from the concept of external sustainability, but from the expenditure required to pursue the International Development Strategy. This means looking at each countrys domestic strategy for poverty elimination and its internal needs and cons
5、traints. Now is a time for new thinking, and the task is an urgent one. One out of four people in the world live in absolute poverty. Deserts are spreading, forests are shrinking and seas are being over-fished. With projections of growing strain on all natural resources of the world, and the likelih
6、ood of increasing violent conflict and calamity arising from that, it is not just morally imperative that we act to give the poor of the world the chance to get out of poverty; it is in our interest to do so. There can be no secure future for our children and grandchildren unless we build a more equ
7、itable world. So, we need to implement this change in the goal of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty. Debt reduction from now on has to be linked to the international development strategy. Debt is not evil in itself. Borrowing for high-quality investment is clearly beneficial and apprec
8、iated. The aim should be for countries to borrow prudently along a sustainable path to fund priority investments. This requires a clear debt management strategy. To make real progress, the government and people of each country must develop a clearly defined approach to this complex challenge. The pr
9、iorities of government budgets are obviously central to this. We need to look at the expenditure necessary to achieve poverty reduction objectives and then see how debt reduction can contribute to making it possible. We must always remember debt relief is a means to an end not an end in itself. Debt
10、 relief has some important benefits for countries concerned. Firstly, it frees the governments own resources to fund development. Secondly, it is a way of signaling donor support for the long-term programs of a government. Thirdly, it can help to simulate the investment necessary for long-term growt
11、h. But, of course, sometimes debt relief will not be the right option. Aid funds used for debt relief have an opportunity cost. Sometimes money will be better spent on direct support for the health or education sectors, or to promote sustainable livelihood. The key question to ask is what the role d
12、ebt relief plays in eliminating poverty. 2 下面你将听到的是一段有关文化方面的讲话。 What we need is a “Culture of Tolerance“ , a way to reconcile the need for identity with an open and outward-looking spirit. Tolerance does not mean indifference towards those we see as “others“ than ourselves, towards their culture and
13、 religion, background or origin. Tolerance requires that we have some knowledge and understanding of these others. When familiar structures disappear, borders become irrelevant and the language of the market invades every aspect of daily life, people increasingly look to their cultural roots. They s
14、eek to reassert their identity-in terms of language, ethnic origin, religion or cultural heritage. To want to know who and what you are is a natural and very powerful human need. It is a need, I believe, responsible leaders should respond to, not suppress, because only the right kind of response wil
15、l prevent people from turning to the false and dangerous supporter of nationalism, fundamentalism or xenophobia. However and this is crucial responsible leaders must resist the temptation to exploit this need for their own purposes. The frightening scenario of escalating cultural conflict in a world
16、 of soon seven billion people should be a strong incentive for all of us to look for practical ways to foster cooperation. We are required to provide honest answers to tough questions which I do not want to suppress. What are different religious groups ready to contribute to this joint effort? Is th
17、ere a readiness to seriously discuss the tensions and contradictions that arise from a strict interpretation of different religions on the one hand and fundamental human rights as we understand them on the other? Can we reach a consensus on the rights of women, on their full participation in society
18、, on their equal right to education and training? Is there a broad consensus to unambiguously condemn any religious justification of suicide attacks? Can we work together to find a peaceful and just agreement on the question of Jerusalem, thereby resolving one of the most difficult issues of the Mid
19、dle East conflict? An agreement which will provide a peaceful solution that satisfies all the faithful, one that is worthy of the three great religions? Those are questions we cannot evade if we are serious about preventing cultural and political faultiness. We must engage in a dialogue among civili
20、zations, a commitment to the peaceful resolution of differences, to tolerance and mutual respect. That is a challenge that requires a clear understanding, however, of our own fundamental values, values we must defend but also live up to. Our world will always be defined by the diversity of our socie
21、ties and cultural traditions. If there is respect and tolerance for our differences, they will enrich all our lives. But if such differences are exploited for political ends, they may cause untold harm. What is the real meaning of tolerance and dialogue in this whole process? This dialogue can only
22、succeed, if Orient and Occident engage in it on equal terms. Tolerance, then, means respecting the fact that civilizations are different. Dialogue, as I see it, means seeking a common understanding of those values that will guide us through the twenty-first century. This kind of “intercultural dialo
23、gue“ is a very ambitious goal. To achieve it, we must all begin work at home, within our own societies. We for our part are striving to develop and practice the kind of tolerance I have described. That needs time and in some cases requires difficult judgments. Once we have reached a clear and solid
24、consensus on those values we hold in common, it is up to political leaders to endorse these rights. They must defend this spirit of openness in society, defend it against the modern fundamentalisms that seek to impose their own absolute truths. For me, this also means people must be free to practice
25、 their religion. The way minorities are treated is the true test of the “ culture of tolerance“ for which I am calling. True tolerance is an expression of self-confidence, not weakness. It is only when we succeed with this dialogue within our societies, that we can really reap the fruits of a dialog
26、ue between our societies. This dialogue is a serious effort to resolve social and political differences, an effort that includes mutual respect for each others way of life but excludes any resort to violence. Let us make a real effort to move away from “ a culture of lecturing each other“ to “a cult
27、ure of learning from each other“. That is what we must work for, each one of us beginning in our own country yet also all together. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it a
28、t the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 下面你将听到的是一段有关中美交流的讲话。 中美两国建交以来，人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了 33对友好省州和123对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达 13l万人次。中国赴美探亲、求学、经商的有 44万人次。中国有超过 18万人曾在美国留学，目前在读的留学生有六万余人。而在中国学习的美国留学生只有约 3000人，位居外国在华留学人数第3位。中美在教育领域的交流
29、与合作还有很大发展空间。中国绝大多数大中小学生都学习英语，总人数超过 1 2亿。美国已 有近 1000所高校和 200多所中小学开设了中文课程，华人华侨开办了近 600所中文学校，包括在马里兰大学创建的孔子学院。但与中美交往的需要相比，美国的汉语教学任重道远。 中美两国人民相互抱有友好感情，美国卡通形象 “米老鼠 ”在中国深受小朋友喜爱，中国篮球运动员姚明在美国也是家喻户晓。不断深化和扩大两国人民的交流与合作，增进相互了解与友谊，将有助于夯实中美建设性合作关系的社会基础，也有助于更好地服务两国人民的利益。中国文化部和美国肯尼迪表演艺术中心计划在华盛顿共同举办 “中国艺术节 ”，届时 600多名
30、中国艺术 家将登台献艺或举办艺术展览。这是中美两国文化交流的又一盛事。 我们在人际交往中信奉 “和而不同 ”的原则，我们历来主张各国文明虽有不同，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同国家、不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。 青少年代表着世界的未来。从两国交流学生的身上，我看到了中美人民间的深厚友谊，看到了中美关系的光明前景。我相信，中美关系的明天一定会更加美好。明天属于未来一代，创造美好的 明天则是我们这一代人必须承担的责任。让我们立足当前，放眼长远，从战略的高度审视和处理中美
31、关系，认真落实两国领导人达成的共识，坚持中美三个联合公报的指导原则，牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话、交流与合作，推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展。 4 下面你将听到的是一段有关旅游的讲话。 旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断进步。从 20世纪中期起，现代旅游业在全世界迅速发展。 游客人数不断增长，旅游业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国 人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在古代，中国先哲们就提出了 “观国之光
32、”的思想，倡导 “读万卷书，行万里路 ”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。 新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达 29处。 口译二级实务模拟试卷 15答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the
33、 signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 今天，我想谈一谈在贫穷国家发展机遇这个背景下减轻债务问题。我要谈的关键问题是我们要重新看待债务减轻的目的，要从消除债务到消除贫穷。我认为减轻债务是消除贫困的强大武器，但它必须是更广泛的发展策略的组成部分。 我们必须在关注外部可持续性发展的同时注意内部可持续性发展。一些国家的国内债务问题仍然很严重，一些非洲国家的债务
34、甚至超过了国内收入的 10。这使我们再度关注政府预算。我们不应该仅从外部可持续性发展的角度，还应该从贯彻国际发展 战略所需要的开支这个角度考虑工作。也就是说，我们需要研究各国的国内扶贫政策，以及国内需求和条件限制。 现在是我们转变思路的时候了，我们的任务十分紧迫。世界上有四分之一的人还生活在赤贫中，沙漠在扩大，森林在缩小，海洋正被过度捕捞。随着世界自然资源面临的压力越来越大，由此更可能导致激烈的冲突和灾害，因此，帮助全球的贫穷者摆脱贫困，不仅仅是我们的道义责任，也是我们的利益所在。不建立一个更公正的世界，我们的子孙后代就没有安全的未来。 因此，我们倡议调整目标，从免除债务到消除贫困。从现在开始
35、，债务减 轻必须与国际发展战略联系起来。 欠债本身并无好坏。为了高质量的投资而借债显然是有益的且可以理解的。但是，国家应该寻求可持续发展，谨慎借债，投资优先项目。这需要有明确的债务管理战略。 为了取得真正的进展，各国政府和人民必须制定出明确的方案，以应对目前复杂的挑战。 很明显，关键是政府预算中的优先项目。首先要知道实现消除贫困目标需要多大开支，然后决定怎样通过削减债务来达到这一目的。切记，消除债务只是手段而非目的。 消除债务对有关国家有几大好处。首先，政府不必使用自己的资源资助发展。 第二，消除债务标志着捐赠者对政府长期计划的支持。第三，消除债务有助于刺激长期发展所必要的投资。 诚然，消除债
36、务并非都是正确的选择。因为用于消除债务的援助资金也有机会成本。有时资金最好直接用于资助健康和教育项目，或用来实现可持续的生活方式。关键问题是减轻债务在消除贫困中所起的作用。 【试题解析】 本文是一段有关减轻发展中国家债务的讲话，主要涉及南北差距的问题。文中通过具体的例子，指出减轻债务的重要性、必要性以及紧迫性，同时还指出了减轻债务过程中应注意的问题。 本文要求应试者掌握一 定的国际经济发展常识，尤其是对于贫富差距、南北差距有一定的了解，熟悉相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种
37、语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 2 【正确答案】 我们需要的是一种 “宽容的文化 ”，一种与人们认同开放的外向型精神需求相适应的方法。宽容不是指对那些我们认为是 “其他人 ”的人漠不关心，也不是对他们的文化、宗教、背景与起源漠然置之。宽容需要我们了解并理解这些“其他人 ”。 当熟悉的体制不复存在，国界变得无关紧要，市场语言侵入日常生活的各个层面，此时，人们就愈加关注自己的文化根基。他们试图通过语言、种族起源、宗教或文化遗产重新确定身份。想知道自己是谁、从事什么职业是人类的天性，也是人类非常强烈的需求
38、。对于这种需求，我相信，负责任的领导应该有所回应，而不是压制，因为只有正确的回应才能阻止人们转向民族主义、原教旨主义和排外主义等错误的、危险的倡导者。然而，非常关键的是负责任的领导必须抵制诱 惑，拒绝利用这种需要达到自己的目的。在一个即将拥有 70亿人口的世界里，可怕的、逐步升级的文化冲突迫切要求我们寻求切实可行的方法以促进合作。 我们要对那些棘手的问题给予诚实的回答，对于这些问题我无意回避。如不同的宗教团体准备对这种共同努力有何贡献 ?我们是否准备认真讨论因对不同教义的严格阐释而引起的紧张与矛盾，同时也认真讨论对基本人权的理解 ?我们是否能够就妇女的权利，其真正参与社会活动的权利、平等接受教
39、育和培训的权利等问题达成共识 ?我们能否就明确谴责任何以宗教理由进行自杀性攻击达成共识 ?我们是否能够共同 努力，就耶路撒冷问题达成和平的、公正的协议，从而解决中东冲突中最激烈的争端之一 ?寻求一种会使所有忠诚的人们都满意的和平解决方法，一种与二大宗教同样有意义的解决方法 ?如果我们要严肃地防止文化和政治缺陷，我们不能回避这些问题。 我们必须在不同文明之间展开对话，并承诺和平解决争端、互相宽容和尊重。这也是一种挑战，它要求我们清楚地理解自己的根本价值观，那些我们必须捍卫同时也要遵守的价值观。 我们的世界总是以我们社会和文化传统的多样性为特征的。如果对我们之间的不同给予尊重和宽容，这些差异将会丰
40、富我们的 生活。但是如果这些差异为政治目的所利用，它们可能会带来无法预料的损害。 那么，在整个过程中，什么才是真正的宽容和对话呢 ?只有东西方平等参与对话，对话才有可能成功。因此，宽容意味着要尊重不同文明之间存在差异这样一个事实。我认为，对话是要寻求共同理解那些将指引我们走过 2l世纪的价值观。 这种 “跨文化的对话 ”是一个雄心勃勃的目标。要达到这个目标，我们所有人必须从我们自己的国家，从我们自己的社会开始努力。我们正在努力提倡并实践我所描述的那种宽容。这需要时间，在一些情况下难以判断。 一旦我们就 那些共同拥有的价值观达成明确、可靠的共识，政治领导人就有责任实现这些权利。他们必须捍卫社会中
41、这种开放精神，抵御那种试图强迫人们接受其绝对真理的现代原教旨主义。对我来说，这也意味着人们必须有信仰自由。对待少数群体的态度是对我所倡导的 “宽容的文化 ”的真正检验。真正的宽容是自信的表现，而非软弱。 只有当我们在自己的社会中成功地展开了这种对话，我们在不同社会之间的对话才能取得成功。这种对话是解决社会和政治分歧的真诚努力，一种对各自生活方式的相互尊重、决不诉诸暴力的努力。让我们付出真正的努力，放弃 “互相谴责的 文化 ”，接受 “互相学习的文化 ”。 这就是我们必须努力的方向，让我们每一个人从我们自己的国家开始，共同努力吧。 【试题解析】 本文是一段有关文化方面的讲话。文中主要介绍 “宽容
42、的文化 ”，反对民族主义、原教旨主义和排外主义，呼吁人们做出共同努力，提倡文化的多元性，促进不同文化间的对话和理解。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的国际政治和文化交流的常识，了解一些相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简 化或切分，把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpr
43、et the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and the United States,
44、contacts between the two peoples have been on constant increase. Thirty-three pairs of friendship provinces (states) and 123 pairs of sister cities have been twinned. More than 1.31 million Americans visited China last year alone while 440,000 Chinese went the other way for family reunion, education
45、 or business. More than 180,000 Chinese have studied in the United States with over 60,000 still studying in US schools or universities. In contrast, only some 3,000 Americans are now studying in China, ranking third in foreign student population breakdown. Clearly there is a huge potential for educ
46、ational exchanges and cooperation between the two countries. In China, most colleges, middle schools and primary Schools have English on their curriculums, with the total number of students reaching 120 million. In the United States, nearly 1,000 colleges and over 200 elementary or high schools offe
47、r Chinese courses. The Chinese communities have set up some 600 Chinese language schools, including the Confucius School set up in the University of Maryland. Still, Chinese language learning in the United States is a far cry from the needs of bilateral exchanges. The Chinese and Americans have cher
48、ished warm sentiments towards each other. Mickey Mouse is very popular among Chinese kids while Chinese basketball star Yao Ming a household name in this country. Increased exchanges and cooperation between our two peoples will help increase mutual understanding and friendship and bolster public sup
49、port for the constructive and cooperative relations between the two countries, thus better serving the interests of our peoples. Chinas Ministry of Culture and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in the United States have planned to jointly host the Chinese Art Festival in Washington DC, when more than 600 Chinese artists will give performance or hold art exhibitions. This is yet another big event in Sino-US cultural exchanges. We follow the principle of “ harmony without uniformity“ in interpersonal communication. We always believe that different count
