1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1
2、 China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for Chinas sustained growth and global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what indust
3、rial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure,
4、the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation. If we were to look at the growth in productivity of U.S. industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, two pivotal factors st
5、and out. The first is a revolution in management techniques and consequent restructuring of the American corporation. Management became results-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by the work force. The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automat
6、ion into manufacturing and other automated processes. Together these two elements led to significant increases in productivity and efficiency. These increases led the way to sustained growth in the U.S. economy, so that by the late 1980s and the early 1990s the U.S. economy was growing faster than t
7、hat of Japan for the first time in several decades. China, which is now at its own critical industrial and management systems crossroads, can borrow from some of these experiences. China has an unparalleled opportunity to adopt advanced industrial automation as this technology moves into the new mil
8、lennium and into the information era. The future of industrial automation will be a networked future with a great reliance on wireless connectivity. Utilization of effective and open networks such as DeviceNet, ControlNet and Ethernet/IP, with their ability to connect to the Internet, allows for con
9、tinuous control and feedback from the factory floor to the management office and beyond. The factory floor and the management office can be linked continuously and in real time with suppliers, sales force and customers. Every part of this chain will be able to monitor, input to and adjust the manufa
10、cturing process and supporting activities. The future of industrial automation will also very much be linked to software that is an open platform and is multifunctional. The right software package provides tremendous flexibility and agility in the manufacturing process. Industrial software provides
11、the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to provide seamless flow of data and information so that the “Information Enabled Enterprise“ can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner. 2 Lud
12、wig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive. Beethoven was born in the German city of Bonn, in 1770. His father was a singer in the Church
13、 choir, and he soon saw that Ludwig had musical ability. The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the familys name and fortune. He forced the little boy to practice long hours on the violin. Mozarts father had been kind, but Beethovens father
14、was impatient and often rough with him. Also, Beethovens father was not reliable in earning a living for his family. As young Ludwig grew up he had to take a great deal of responsibility. When he was 15, and was working in the Church as assistance organist, Ludwig was practically supporting the fami
15、ly. But he had kind teachers and some good friends, and he was lucky enough to get a position playing the viola in the opera orchestra in Bonn. There he became familiar with the operas of Mozart and other composers, and he learned a great deal about the instruments of the orchestra and how they play
16、ed together. This was to be valuable to him later in his own composing. When he decided to go to Vienna to study, the Archbishop at Bonn paid for his journey and other friends gave him letters to noblemen in Vienna. Beethoven was a very fine pianist, besides being able to play the violin and other s
17、tringed instruments. The Viennese music-lovers quickly adopted him as a favorite concert performer. But they criticized every new work of Beethovens because it was too different. The Viennese soon realized that they had an extraordinary genius living among them, and they made every effort to keep hi
18、m. When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them, He stayed, and went on composing his big, powerful symphonies, concertos, piano sonatas and many other works. Bu
19、t except for his music, Beethoven was not a happy man. Before he was 30, he began to grow deaf. This was a terrible misfortune for a musician. His deafness came slowly and he was able to continue playing concerts until he was 44. But 10 years later, when his great Ninth Symphony was performed for th
20、e first time, he could not hear at all. He was sitting on the stage at the performance, watching the conductor, and he had his back to the audience. One of the singers turned him around so that he could see the audience enthusiastically applauding this tremendous symphony. Beethoven was a lonely man
21、. Although he had fallen in love several times, he never married. His deafness made him still more lonely, for he would not go out in public at all. But he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music. Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except
22、 in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words. 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are li
23、stening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 实行改革开放以来，中国进入了发展最快、进步最大、变化最深刻的历史时期。 1979年至 2003年，中国经济年均增长 9.4%，居民消费水平年均提高 7%，进出口总额年均增长 16%，成为世界上发展最快的国家之一。 2003年，拥有 13亿人口的中国，人均国内生产总值第一次超过了 1000美元，人民生活总体上达到了小康水平。 / 从 2003年下半年开始，中国政府针对经济运行中的突出矛盾和问题，果断采取了一系列宏观调控政策措施，在较短的时间内取得阶段性成效，经济运行中
24、的一些不健康不稳定因素得到抑制，国民经济继续保持平稳较快发展势头。 2004年中国国内生产总值达到 1.65万亿美元，同比增长 9.5%。进出口总额达到 11547亿美元，由 2003年的世界第 4位提升到第 3位。 / 中国经济之所以能够实现长期持续快速发展，主要是由于我们始终坚持以经济建设为中心，用发展的办法解决前进中的问题；坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，大力推进体制 机制创新，不断为经济社会发展注入强大动力；坚持 “引进来 ”和 “走出去 ”相结合，积极参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，充分利用国际国内两个市场、两种资源。 / 本世纪头 20年，是中国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期。今后十几年
25、，我们将努力把握机遇，用好机遇，集中精力全面建设小康社会，争取到 2020年实现国内生产总值比 2000年翻两番，达到 4万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到 3000美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。 / 4 当年为了实现乌拉圭 回合，各个成员费了很大劲儿，但事后的结果并不乐观，世界经济更不平衡，两极分化越加严重。面对这一现象，发展中国家不能容忍，发达国家也感到了危机。正因为如此，大家才把多哈回合定为发展回合。这是 WTO历史上巨大的进步，也是各个成员富有远见的选择。果能如此，不论富国还是穷国，都会因为生活在一个更加和谐的世界而获得持久
26、发展的环境。 / 中国支持多哈回合达成平衡的协议，但所谓平衡，不是发达国家各自在谈判中有得有失的自我平衡，而必须是有助于发展中成员的全面平衡。因为事实上，发达国家和发展中国家的总体水平已经很不平 衡了，这种失衡已严重影响到世界经济的全面发展。要找回平衡，只有发达国家为本轮谈判做出更多的贡献，为发展中国家提供足够的政策空间。 / 农业是多哈谈判的核心。发达国家和发展中国家都面临压力，但富国和穷国的压力是不同的。在全球 26亿农民中，发展中国家有 25亿，而且大多数处在贫困状态。即使发展中国家有雄心、有诚意去推进贸易自由化，也不能不顾及几千万甚至几亿农民的基本生计。如果让那些已处于贫困线上的农民遭
27、受更大的冲击，将引发灾难，届时发达国家也不得安宁。 / 口译二级实务模拟试卷 1答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages o
28、nly ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 中国目前正处在一个发展的阶段。在这个阶段中，先进的管理知识和技术以及先进的工业自动化技术和解决方案是十分必要的，对中国的持续发展和在全球的竞争中起着根本的作用。 目前工业自动化还没有一个最佳的定义。也许最好的其实是一个很简单的定义：工业自动化就是使用电子技术来监控生产流程或机械设备。为了确保工业基础和配套设施的有序发展，中国需要采取很多措施，而其中利用先进的工业自动化是至关重要的。没有高水平的工业自动化，提高生产力和效率都是不可能的。 如果我们看一看美国工业生产力从 80年代中期到 90年代中期的发展情况，就会发现两个重要的
29、因素。首先是管理技术方面的革命和随之而来的对美国公司的重组改造。改革后的管理更注重效果，管理层面减少，权利下放，企业职工参与性更高。 第二个因素是将先进的工业自动化引入了制造业和其它自动化流程。这两个因素共同作用大大提高了生产力和效率，使美国经济得以可持续发展， 80年代末 90年代初的发展速度几十年来第一次超过了日本。 中国目前正处在工业和管理制度变革的时期，可以借鉴这些经验。在新的世纪和信息发展时代采用 先进的工业自动化技术，对中国来讲是一个千载难逢的机会。 未来的工业自动化技术将是一个无线连接的网络。诸如 DeviceNet， ControlNet和 Ethernet/IP这些开放、高效
30、率的网络能与英特网链接，可以使管理部门对生产车间进行不间断的控制，并获得信息反馈。 生产车间和管理部门之间联网，与供应商、销售部门以及客户之间也可以实现实时联网。在这条链中的任何一个环节都可以进行监控和输入，还可以调整生产过程和生产支持。 未来的工业自动化将在很大程度上和有着开放性平台、多功能的软件系统联 网。一套合适的软件包将使生产过程变得非常灵活，反应非常敏捷。 工业软件将提供操作者平台，提供从车间到企业资源规划系统的通道，甚至与英特网链接，提供源源不断的数据信息，从而进行更为灵活。更为有效的综合性管理。这就叫做 “信息化管理企业 ”。 【试题解析】 本文主要讨论中国工业未来的问题。文章以
31、美国的发展为例，对工业自动化的问题进行了深入的探讨，并展望中国工业的未来。 本文涉及工业自动化和管理等方面的专门知识，需要应试者有相当的背景知识，这些专业化知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较 为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 - 基本素质采分点 1 industrial automation 工业自动化 2 sustained growth 持续发展 3 industrial base 工业 基础 4 supporting infr
32、astructure 配套设施 5 real time 实时 6 Information Enabled Enterprise 信息化管理企业 7 the information era 信息时代 - 结构理解采分点 1 China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary e
33、lements for Chinas sustained growth and global competitiveness. 该句是复合句，含有 where引导的定语从句，修饰 stage。该定语从 句的内容信息量颇大，因此翻译时，该部分内容应单列一句，以符合汉语习惯。因此，原句可译为 “中国目前正处在一个发展的阶段。在这个阶段中，先进的管理知识和技术以及先进的工业自动化技术和解决方案是十分必要的，对中国的持续发展和在全球的竞争中起着根本的作用。 ” 2 While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropr
34、iate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. 如按原句句式结构特点翻译，译文结构会显得松散，因此翻译时，有必要打乱原有语序，重组结构。因此，原句可译为 “为了确保工业基础和配套设施的有序发展，中国需要采取很多措施，而其中利用先进的工业自动化是至关重要的。 ” 3 Management became results-focused, flatter and mor
35、e distributed, with great participation by the work force. 本句的翻译要求应试者在理解上下文的情况下，适当加字，如 flatter是指管理的层面， distributed 是指权力被下放；根据汉语具体、生动的特点，还可考虑将名词 participation译为相应的动词形式。因此，原句可译为 “改革后的管理更注重效果，管理层面减少，权利下放，企业职工参与性更高。 ” 4 The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automation into ma
36、nufacturing and other automated processes. 本句的翻译同样根据汉语具体、生动的特点，可考虑将名词 infusion 译为相应的动词形式。因此，原句可译为 “第二个因素是将先进的工业自动化引入了制造业和其它自动化流程。 ” 5 Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to pr
37、ovide seamless flow of data and information so that the “Information Enabled Enterprise“ can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner. 该句的翻译 首先要搞清楚原文语句间的结构关系。该句是复合句，其中含有 so that引导的从句，该从句之前的部分要注意 provide后面接两个宾语即 interface和 gateway，而 gateway 后面 to 短语较多，其中 to provide短语是动词不定式，做目的状
38、语； so that从句后的翻译可将原句前后倒置，以保持逻辑性。因此，原句可译为 “工业软件将提供操作者平台，提供从车间到企业资源规划系统的通道，甚至与因特网链接，提供源源不断的数据信息，从而进行更为灵活、更为有效的综合性管理。这就叫做 “信息化管理企业 ”。 - 言语表达采分点 1 monitor 监控 2 critical step 至关重要的一步 3 pivotal factor 重要因素 4 results-focused 注重结果的 5 distributed 分送的 (这里指权力下放的 ) 6 the work force 工人队伍 7 crossroads 十字路口 (这里指中国
39、改革面临的变革期 ) 8 the new millennium 新千年 9 wireless connectivity 无线连接 10 interface 界面；接口 11 gateway 关口，途径 12 seamless flow 源源不断 2 【正确答案】 贝多芬是一个不幸的天才。他有很多不能用语言表达的深沉情感，但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐。 贝多芬于 1770年生于德国的波恩。他的父亲是教堂唱诗班的歌手，不久就发现儿子身上的音乐天分，认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的 “神童 ”，为家族带来声望和财富。他逼着儿子长时间地练琴。 莫扎特的父亲很仁慈
40、，但贝多芬的父亲却十分暴躁，经常对他动粗。他还不能正常地挣钱养家，这使得贝多芬很小就挑起了家庭的重担。贝多芬 15岁时就在教堂担任助理风琴师，挣钱养家。 他的老师和朋友对他很好，后来又有幸在波恩的歌剧院谋到乐队中提琴手的位置。在那里他接触了莫扎特的歌剧和其他作曲家的作品，并对各种乐器及其相互配合有了了解。这段经历对他日后创作音乐极其宝贵。 贝多芬决定去维也纳学习，波恩的主教为他提供盘缠，好友也为他给维也纳的望族写了推荐信。贝多芬是个出色的钢琴演奏家，也会演奏小提琴和多种弦 乐乐器。维也纳的乐迷很快就爱上了这位音乐演奏家，但对他所做的乐曲却每每报以批评，认为它太过于另类。 很快维也纳入就意识到贝
41、多芬是一个不可多得的天才，并千方百计地把他留住。当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。贝多芬终于留了下来，继续从事大型交响乐，协奏曲，钢琴奏鸣曲和其他音乐创作。 但是，除了献身音乐外，贝多芬活得并不幸福。他在不到 30岁时听力就开始减退，这对一个搞音乐的人来说是巨大的不幸。耳聋来的还算缓慢，使他在 44岁前还能参加音乐会演出。 但是，当 10年后他的伟大的第九交响乐首演时，他已经什么也听不见了。他坐在舞台上看着指挥，却把背对着观众。一个歌手帮他转过身来，使他看到了观众正在为他的宏大的作品热情地鼓掌。 贝多芬是个性情孤僻的人，他多次恋爱，但从未成
42、家。耳聋限制他出门社交，使他变得更加孤独。但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋，在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。 【试题解析】 本文主要讲述音乐巨匠贝多芬的生平。侧重讲述他的成长历程，挖掘了他的内心世界。 本文 谈论的话题只需有普通的地名和音乐常识，但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内恰当理解英文结构的能力和准确翻译英语术语的能力。总之，此文的翻译将显示应试者的英文口译功底。 - 基本素质采分点 1 Beethoven 贝多芬 2 Bonn 波恩 (德国城市 ) 3 Church choir 教堂唱诗班 4 Mozart 莫扎特 5 Vienna
43、 维也纳 6 Archbishop 主教 7 concerto 协奏曲 8 piano sonata 钢琴奏鸣曲 9 Ninth Symphony 第九交响曲 (贝多芬名曲之一 ) - 结构理解采分点 1 He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music that is expressive. 该句的翻译要妥善处理 and this 指代关系，其实该指代关系表明了前后的因果关系，因此，原句可译为 “但他找到了用音乐表达这些情感的方法，从而产生了一种新的表现力极强的音乐
44、。 ” 2 The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the familys name and fortune. 该句是复合句，含有两个 that引导的宾语从句。该句的翻译要求将后置的修饰性表达放在它所修饰部分的前面，如对 “like Mozart”的处理，因此，该句可译为“他的父亲认为他很可能成为像莫扎特一样的 神童 ，为家族带来声望和财富。 ” 3 When Beethoven had an offer to go to another
45、city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them. 4 But he rose above his loneliness and deafness through his music. 该句的翻译要注意可根据上下文情景，适当减词，如原句中最后 if从句根据上下文可以省略，以免翻译 的重复啰嗦。因此，原句可译为 “当贝多芬接到聘书要到另一个城市担任乐队指挥时，三个维也纳贵
46、族决定联合起来付给他固定薪水。 ” 5 Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words. 该句的结构很简单，但要处理好 rise above的确切译法，此处，根据上下文可意译为 “战胜 ”。因此，原句可译为 “但他通过音乐战胜了孤独和耳聋。 ”原句是复合句，含有 even when 引导的状语从句，根据汉语语言
47、习惯， when 表达的 “当 时 ”，一般不译出，或改换为符合习惯的其他表达方式。因此，原句可译为 “在完全失聪的情况下，他依旧不断创造着他只能在心灵中才能听到的音乐，倾诉着无法用语言诉说的情感。 ” - 言语表达采分点 1 expressive 有表现力的 2 wonder-child 神童 3 name 名誉 4 support the family 挣钱养家 5 take a great deal of responsibility 承担很大的责任 6 be valuable to 对 有价值 7 adopt 接纳 8 make every effort to 尽一切努力 9 lone
48、ly 孤独的 (这里指性格孤僻的 ) 10 enthusiastic 热情的，热烈的 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 Since reform and opening-up, China has entered a period of rapid dev
