1、口译二级实务模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1
2、 I am delighted to be with you. I first visited China 22 years ago, but this is my first visit to your university, in a city whose students have helped shape the development of modem China. So I am privileged to have the opportunity to share ideas about U. S. -China relations in the modem era of glo
3、balization with people who will, I expect, help write Chinese historythrough deeds and wordsin the 21 st century. / It was the students of Beijing who in May 1919 protested the Treaty of Versailles failure to expel Japanese occupiers from China. In that action, the source of the May 4 Movement, Beij
4、ings students not only made a bold statement about Chinas freedom from foreign occupation and right to self-determination. They also ushered in the era of modem China, taking a decisive step toward Chinas emergence from imperial rule and stagnation. I think it is useful to begin our exchanges about
5、the future from the vantage point of what happened almost a century ago in this historic city. / Chinese are tightly proud of the history of the worlds oldest continuous civilization, and look to it for lessons. America is a young nation by comparison, but suggestion that we live exclusively in the
6、present, unshaped by history, is a misleading caricature. So I would like to share with you my perceptions about what this last century has meant to our two countries, how we have perceived each other, and where we are going. Many people talk about this new millennium as an unprecedented age of glob
7、alization. Extraordinary it is, but unprecedented it is not. / In 1902, the automobile was just coming into use in the United States. Mans first airplane flight occurred 99 years ago, on a beach in North Carolina. The wireless radio followed in a few years, transforming societiesmuch like the Intern
8、et is doing today. The telephone enabled people to converse across mountains, rivers, and indeed around the world. The United States was transformed by this earlier era of globalization in the most fundamental waythe face of its population. In each year of the first decade of the last century, new i
9、mmigrants to America numbered about one percent of the existing population. / A country that had been largely composed of people of English, German, Irish, and Africa descent found itself the chosen destination of millions of immigrants from different parts of the planetPoles, Russians, Italians, Ch
10、inese, Japanese, and Jews, among others. Their contributions to American economic, social, scientific, intellectual, and political life were enormous. We learned that opennessto people, goods, capital, and of course ideasis our greatest strength as a country and society. Although change and adaptati
11、on and intrusions from outside can be frightening, and pose difficulties of adjustment, openness spurs dynamism, flexibility, competition, liberty, and the individual pursuits of happiness. / 2 My wife Nane and I are both extremely happy to be with you today. I feel truly proud to belong to this ext
12、raordinary class of 2004, and I am pleased to see that so many parents and family members were here today. The day belongs to them, too. Without their constant support, understanding and sacrifice, none of us could have achieved what we have. For me, to receive a degree from Harvard is a very great
13、honor indeed. There are few countries in the world whose leaders in public life, business, science and the humanities have not had some association with Harvardand no country that has not benefited from Harvards outstanding contributions to human knowledge. / You have invited me, I know, not as an i
14、ndividual, but as Secretary-General of the United Nations. You are saying that the United Nations matters, and that you want to hear what we have to say. Are you fight in believing that the UN matters? I think you are, because the UN offers the best hope of a stable world and a broadly equitable wor
15、ld order, based on generally accepted rules. That statement has been much questioned in the past year. But recent events have reaffirmed, and even strengthened, its validity. A rule-based system is in the interest of all countriesespecially today. Globalization has shrunk the world. The very opennes
16、s, which is such an important feature of todays most successful societies, makes deadly weapons relatively easy to obtain, and terrorists relatively difficult to restrain. / Today, the strong feel almost as vulnerable to the weak as the weak feel vulnerable to the strong. So it is in the interest of
17、 every country to have international rules and to abide by them. And such a system can only work if, in devising and applying the rules, the legitimate interests of all countries are accommodated, and decisions are reached collectively. That is the essence of multilateralism, and the founding princi
18、ple of the United Nations. All great American leaders have understood this. That is one of the things that make this country such a unique world power. America feels the need to frame its policies, and exercise its leadership, not just in the light of its own particular interests, but also with an e
19、ye to international interests, and universal principles. / Among the finest examples of this was the plan for reconstructing Europe after World War , which General Marshall announced here at Harvard in 1947. That was one part of a larger-scale and truly statesmanlike effort, in which Americans joine
20、d with others to build a new international systema system which worked, by and large, and which survives, in its essentials, nearly 60 years later. During those 60 years, the United States and its partners developed the United Nations, built an open world economy, promoted human rights and decoloniz
21、ation, and supported the transformation of Europe into a democratic, cooperative community of states, such that war between them has become unthinkable. / 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at t
22、he signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 在冷战结束后的新形势下，两国要不要及如何发展双边关系，是中美两国面临的重大课题。 “永久正常贸易关系 ”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。 其次，中美关系的内涵得到了丰富。经贸关系是两国总体关系的组成部分，中美互为重要贸易伙伴，美国还是
23、中国的主要外资来源国，没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力，失去公众的参与热情。良好 的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。 第三，增进了两国的互信和合作气氛。美国几乎给予世界上所有国家正常贸易关系的待遇，惟独将中国这样一个大国排除在外。这本身就是一种歧视，一种不信任。不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。没有人民的支持和参与，国家关系就难以发展。同时，建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加，投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。 第四，向中国在亚
24、太地区的邻国发 出积极的信号。中国是亚太大国，美国也自称是亚太国家，在地区有重要的影响力。中美友好，则亚太国家获益；中美敌对，则亚太国家遭殃。中美建立正常贸易关系，就是向亚太国家表明，两个大国愿意友好相处，有通过谈判解决分歧的意愿和能力。这对维护地区稳定，促进经济繁荣将产生长远影响。 4 文山壮族苗族自治州位于云南省东南部，东与广西相连，南与越南接壤，边境线长达 438公里，总面积 3万多平方公里，和海南省差不多。文山州有悠久的历史，境内发现过古人类牙齿化石，说明远古时期就有人类在此生息、劳动。 文山州物产 丰富，矿业开发前景良好，土特产品久负盛名，三七种植面积和产量均占全国 85%以上。文山
25、州居住着汉、壮、苗、瑶、彝、回、布依、傣、白、蒙古、仡佬等 11个民族的 327万人。 在 “九五 ”期间，在党中央、国务院的关怀下，在云南省委、省政府的领导下，州委、州政府团结带领全州各族人民认真贯彻改革开放方针，大力发展经济，改善人民生活，圆满完成 “九五 ”计划的目标，民族团结，社会稳定，经济高速增长，是自治州成立以来社会经济发展最快的时期。 2001年经济继续保持良好发展，为 “十五 ”计划开了个好头。一是国民经济总 产值增长 9.3%，占全省第二位；二是基础设施建设取得重大突破，完成一大批公路建设项目；三是产业结构由上年的 38:25:37调整为 36:26:38；四是对外开放迈出新
26、的步伐，成功举办了第三届特产文化节，塑造了文山新形象；五是扶贫开发成绩突出， 2001年又解决了 33万贫困人口的基本温饱，农民人均年收入达 763元。 口译二级实务模拟试卷 7答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes whil
27、e you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 非常高兴能和大家相聚在这里。我第一次来中国已是 22年前的事了，但今天却是我第一次来 到贵校。在这个城市里，学生参与塑造了现代中国的发展历程。我十分有幸能来同诸位共同探讨当今全球化时代的美中关系，而我相信，诸位将在 21世纪以行动和言论参与书写中国的历史。 / 1919年 5月，北京的学生走上街头，抗议凡尔赛条约未能将日本占领者从中国驱逐出去，这就是 “五四 ”运动的起源。在这场运动中，北京的学生不仅大胆地发出了中国必须摆脱外国
28、占领、有权实现自决的声明，他们还开创了现代中国的新纪元，为中国推翻帝制，摆脱发展停滞的境况踏出了决定性的一步。我认为，我们今天可以从几乎一个世纪以前在这个历史性的 城市里发生的事件开始谈起，这有助于我们共同探讨未来。 / 中国人为其是世界上最悠久的文明古国而自豪，并且以史为鉴，这是理所当然的。相比之下，美国是一个年轻的国家。但那种通常认为美国仅有现在而没有历史的说法是夸张和误导的。因此，我愿同大家讨论刚刚过去的这个世纪对我们两国意味着什么，我们是如何看待对方的，将来我们又将如何发展。许多人认为，这个新千年是史无前例的全球化时代。这个时期确实很非同凡响，但在历史上并非绝无仅有。 / 1902年，
29、汽车在美国刚刚投入使用。人类的第一次飞行发生在 99年前的北卡 罗莱纳州的一片海滩上。几年后无线电的发明改变了社会，正如互联网改变了今天的社会一样。电话使人们可以跨越千山万水，在世界范围内进行通话。美国受到这种早期全球化时代的影响，表现在最基本的方面 人口的构成。在上个世纪的头十年中，每年进入美国的移民数量均达到当时人口总数的 1%。 / 以前主要是由英国人、德国人、爱尔兰人和非洲人后裔组成的美国，开始成为上千万波兰人、俄罗斯人、意大利人、中国人、日本人、犹太人和其他人的移民目的地。这些移民对美国经济、社会、科学、知识和政治生活做出了巨大贡献。我们知道，开放 对人员、商品、资本、当然还有思想的
30、开放，是我们美国这个国家和社会最大的优势。尽管变化和为适应变化所作的调整、以及外部的侵入可能让人感到畏惧，并带来调整的困难，但是，开放却可以促进活力、灵活性、竞争和自由度，也能激发个人对幸福的追求。 / 2 【正确答案】 今天，我和我的夫人娜内非常高兴与各位共聚一堂。成为出色的 2004届学生中的一员，我非常自豪，也很高兴在这里见到这么多家长和亲友。这个日子也属于他们。如果没有他们不断支持、理解和牺牲，我们没有人会取得今天的成绩。对我来说，获得哈佛大学学位实在是莫 大的荣誉。世界上没有几个国家的政界、商界、科学界和人文学科领导人与哈佛毫无联系，没有哪个国家未曾受益于哈佛对人类知识的杰出贡献。
31、/ 我知道，我不是以个人身份，而是作为联合国秘书长受到邀请的。你们是在表明联合国至关重要，你们想听到我的讲话。你们认为联合国至关重要，这样想对吗 ?我认为是对的，因为联合国给了我们最大的希望来缔造一个基于公认规则的稳定世界和广泛公平的世界秩序。在过去的一年中，这个说法颇受质疑。但是，我认为，最近发生的一些事件再次证明甚至增强了这一说法的正确性。一个基于规则的体系符合所有国家 的利益，在今天更是如此。全球化使世界变小。正是 “开放 ”这个当今最成功社会的重要特征导致致命武器比较容易获得，恐怖分子相对难以控制。/ 今天，弱者觉得容易受到强者的伤害，而强者几乎同样觉得容易受到弱者的伤害。因此，拥有并
32、恪守国际规则符合每个国家的利益。在制定和运用规则时，要兼顾各国的合法利益，集体做出决定，唯有如此，这一体系才能起作用。这是多边主义的实质所在，也是联合国的创建原则。所有伟大的美国领导人都认识到这一点。这个国家成为了独一无二的世界强国，原因之一即在于此。美国感到需要在制定政策和发挥 领导作用时不仅考虑到自身的特殊利益，还要着眼于国际利益和普遍原则。 / 在这方面最好的例证就是第二次世界大战之后的欧洲重建计划，而马歇尔将军1947年就是在哈佛宣布这一计划的。这个计划属于一个规模更大且真正具有政治家风范的举措，美国与其他国家携手创建了新的国际体系，这个体系总体而言行之有效，其核心内容近六十年后仍具生
33、命力。在这六十年里，美国及其合作伙伴创建了联合国，构建了开放的世界经济，倡导人权，推动非殖民化，支持欧洲转变成国家间的民主合作共同体。于是，这些国家之间爆发战争已成为不可思议的事情。 / 二、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while
34、 you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 3 【正确答案】 Under the new situation after the end of Cold War, both China and the United States faced an important question: Should they continue to pursue healthy relations with each other, and how? The passage of the Permanent
35、Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) shows that inside the United States, forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S. government, Congress and business communities, as well as the general public, support a constructive approach to China. Secondly,
36、 China-U.S. relations have become more multidimensional. Economy and trade constitute a component of the entire relationship. China and the U.S. are important trading partners, and the U.S. was Chinas major source of investment. Without stable and sound commercial cooperation, China-U.S. political r
37、elations would become rather hollow for lack of driving force and would lose public interest to participate. So a good commercial cooperation could complement political relations and, in particular, it could make the impact less unbearable should political relations run into troubles. Thirdly, PNTR
38、has enhanced the mutual trust and cooperation between the two countries. The U.S. gives PNTR treatment to practically every country in the world, but has kept China off that list for many years. This in itself is discrimination and a sign of distrust. If not corrected, the Chinese people would find
39、it hard to understand the necessity of closer China-U.S. relations and would question U.S. sincerity for cooperation. Without the support and participation of the people, state-to-state relations could not get anywhere. With greater flow of goods and people and with the introduction of investment an
40、d managerial know-how once PNTR is put in place, there will undoubtedly be greater understandings and fewer misunderstandings between the two countries. Fourthly, sending out a positive signal to Chinas neighbors in the Asian-Pacific region. China is an Asian-Pacific country. And the U.S. claims to
41、be one with a great deal of influence in the region. If China and the U.S. stay friendly, other countries in the region will benefit. If not, they will suffer. With PNTR, the two countries show to their neighbors in the region that they are willing to live together in friendship and had the will and
42、 capacity to resolve differences through negotiations. This will have a far-reaching impact on the stability and prosperity of the entire region. 【试题解析】 本文是关于中美贸易关系的讲话，主要讨论了中美双边贸易正常化 的意义和有待解决的问题。本文要求应试者掌握国际政治和经贸方面的基本常识，这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合英语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对
43、文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 - 基本素质采分点 1冷战 Cold War 2永久正常贸易关系 the Permanent Normal Trade Relations(PNTR) 3国会 Congress 4亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region - 结构理解采分点 1 “永久正常贸易关系 ”的通过表明，在美国，支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风，美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。 该句句式与英文相仿，所以可按自然顺序翻译，但要注意 “支持发展中美关系的力量 ”的译法，该短语中定语过长，可考虑用从句形式
44、翻译。而 “占 了上风 ”可考虑使用固定短语表达，在中译英时，一定要注意尽量使用固定的句型或短语，这样不仅节省时间，还使译文显得地道。因此，原句可译为 “The passage of the Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) shows that inside the United States, forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S. government, Congress an
45、d business communities, as well as the general public, support a constructive approach to China.” 2没有稳定、良好的经贸合作关系，政治关系就会空心化，就会缺乏前进的动力。 该句翻译要注意对原文 “就会 ”的理解，这里只表示一种虚拟，不要按字面意思用 will，以避免态度的生硬。因此，原句可译为 “Without stable and sound commercial cooperation, China-U.S. political relations would become rather ho
46、llow for lack of driving force.” 3良好的经贸合作关系可以对两国政治关系产生促进作用，特别是在政治关系出现波动时可发挥减震作用。 该句翻译要求应试者特别处理好句子后半部分。原句中的 “在政治关系出现波动时 ”要表明一种委婉的态度，因此需采用虚拟语气； “发挥减震作用 ”采用反语表达，也可使语气更为婉转。 因此，原句可译为 “So a good commercial cooperation could complement political relations and, in particular, it could make the impact less u
47、nbearable should political relations run into troubles.” 4不解决这个问题，中国人民就无法理解中美关系的必要性，就会怀疑美国的合作诚意。 该句翻译时，也应依上述，使用虚拟语气；而且在处理 “不解决这个问题 ”时，译文可根据上下文省略主语，因此，原句可译为 “If not corrected， the Chinese people would find it hard to understand the necessity of closer China-U.S. relations and would question U.S. sinc
48、erity for cooperation.” 5建立正常贸易关系后，随着商品和人员往来的增加， 投资和管理经验的引进，两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少。 因为是口译，译文的翻译结构最大可能向原文靠拢，按照原文特点，句子主要部分应是 “两国间的了解无疑会加深，误解也会减少 ”，根据尽量用英文句型的原则，可考虑翻译采用 there be.表达，而原文其他部分也与汉语原句一样，译为相应的状语表达结构。因此，原句可译为 “With greater flow of goods and people and with the introduction of investment and manage
49、rial know-how once RNTR is put in place, there will undoubtedly be greater understandings and fewer misunderstandings between the two countries.” - 言语表达采分点 1占上风 gain the upper hand 2工商界 business community 3 以建设性的态度 support a constructive approach 4贸易伙伴 trading partner 5前进的动力 driving force 6发挥减震作用 make.less unbearable 7互信和合作 mutual trust and cooperation 8给予 待遇 give.treatment 9深远的影响 far-reaching impact 10解决分歧 r
