1、口译二级实务环境保护练习试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begi
2、n. 1 To me, the most interesting and immediate question is not whether the United States will ratify the Kyoto Protocol, but whether other parties are prepared to work toward that goal. The next few months will determine whether other patties choose an agreement on their terms without the United Sta
3、tes, or whether they prefer an agreement that may require some compromise of ideological positions, but will in fact be effective and will include the United States. / I believe the EU and others, for a number of reasons, will conclude that its interests and those of the environment lie in crafting
4、an agreement that the United States can support. The United States accounts for approximately 25% of global industrial emissions. Any agreement that excludes the United States will not control global warming. In addition, European businesses may wonder why they are asked to assume significant new cl
5、imate change obligations if U.S. competitors are not going to be subject to roughly the same rules. / I might note two additional factors relevant here: first, the idea of emissions trading is growing in popularity in capitals on the continent, and also in London and Brussels. Second, economists are
6、 warning that few countries, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom, are on track to meet their Kyoto commitments. I am hopeful that these forces will allow governments at COP-6 to mold the Protocol into a sensible, practical shape, one which the United States can support. / Let me say a w
7、ord more about developing countrys participation because this is an area where the United States is frequently misunderstood. The undeniable fact is that climate change is a global problem that requires a global solution. To be sure, industrialization in the North contributed enormously to increased
8、 greenhouse gas concentrations. Developed countries, including the Untied States, must take significant steps immediately. / Acting alone, however, developed countries cannot stabilize global greenhouse gas concentrations. From a scientific standpoint, meaningful participation by key developing coun
9、tries is a necessity. Several large developing countries will soon become the worlds leading emitters. Developing countries already produce 44% of global fossil fuel emissions. In addition, developing countries are responsible for a disproportionate share of deforestation and other land-use practice
10、s that have raised carbon concentrations. / Per capita energy intensity ratios in some, not all, developing countries continue to rise briskly, despite the existence of clean technologies that were not invented when developed countries were industrialized. In the immediate future, 80% of new electri
11、c power generation projects will occur in developing countries. All of us want those projects to use the latest cutting edge technologies. / I mention these facts not to bicker about past or future responsibility, for that detracts from our common cause of halting global warming, but to highlight th
12、e need for all countries to be a part of the solution. / In a very real sense, developing countries have the most to gain from an effective Protocol in which all the industrialized countries participate. For developing countries, unfortunately, have the least capacity to adapt to climate change. The
13、 longer we wait, the harder it will be to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at acceptable levels and the harder these countries will be hit. / The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change points the way: each nation should take national and international steps commensurate with its capac
14、ity to contribute to the global solution based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities“. / Many developing countries have taken significant unilateral action already. China, for example, has sought to conserve energy and reduce emissions growth while simultaneously raising li
15、ving standards dramatically. Without price reforms and energy efficiency gains, Chinas emissions would be more than 50% higher than they are now. / We recognize, moreover, that some developing countries may lack the capacity to assume and implement legally binding emissions targets at this time. For
16、 these countries, other types of action would be appropriate at present. All developing countries should explore opportunities under the Clean Development Mechanism, adopt sound national policies on energy and land use, and pursue other climate-friendly measures under the Framework Convention. / The
17、 negotiating histories of both the Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol demonstrate general agreement on the need to mitigate climate change while allowing for continued economic growth. The Untied States believes this formula remains the key to securing developing country action. Developing coun
18、tries are finding in the Kyoto Protocol avenues to pursue their development and environmental goals simultaneously. There is a growing recognition of the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism to direct advanced technology and major capital flows to the developing world. / (Excerpts from “Unde
19、r Secretary of State Loy on Kyoto Protocol“ made by former Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs Frank E. Loy to American Bar Association Conference) 2 Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered fir
20、st-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the worlds most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up
21、 melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. / The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is envir
22、onmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. / Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the Internationa
23、l Year of the Mountains, I urge you to “Give Earth a Chance“. I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. / Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile
24、mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. / Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are
25、 linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. / Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and econ
26、omic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. / We must give people a chance to live and survive in these re
27、gions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potentialvital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. / Mountains attract tourists, but
28、tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, /The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and ma
29、terials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably
30、 between all stakeholders. / Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come
31、 to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. / On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Ea
32、rth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endure if we Give Earth a Chance. / “Give Earth a Chance“ by of UNEP former Executive Director Klaus Toepfer on the occasion of World Environment Day 5 June, 2002) 口译二级实务环境保护练习试卷 1答案与解析 一、
33、 PART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 对我来说，最关心和最迫切的
34、问题不是美国能否批准京都议定书，而是其他参与国是否会朝这个目标努力。在接下来的几个月里，谈判各方将会决定是按照自己的条款制定没有美国参加的协议，还是选择在意识形态上做出一些让步，制定一份实际上更加有效、并有关国参加的协议。 / 我相信欧盟和其他国家出于几方面的考虑，会最终认识到制定一份能获得美国支持的协议是最符合环境利益和他们自身利益的。美国的工业排放量约占全球工业排放总量的 25%。任何没有美国参加的协议都不会 对控制全球变暖起到作用。此外，欧洲企业会问为什么要求他们承担新的有关气候变化的义务，而美国的竞争者却用不着遵守类似的规定。 / 我在这儿不妨指出另外两个相关的因素：首先，有关排放权交
35、易的观点日益受到欧洲大陆各国的欢迎，在伦敦和布鲁塞尔也是如此。第二，经济学家警告说，除众所周知的英国之外，没有几个国家在努力兑现他们的京都承诺。上述这些因素会促使参与第六次缔约方大会的政府制定出明智、可行并能得到美国支持的协议，对此我充满希望。 / 我想再谈谈发展中国家参与的问题，因为在这个领域里，大家对美国经常 产生误解。不容否认的事实是气候变化是一个全球问题，需要在全球范围内加以解决。毫无疑问，北半球的工业化对温室气体量的增多负有很大责任。包括美国在内的发达国家应该立即采取措施。 / 不过，发达国家孤军奋战并不能抑制全球温室气体的增多。从科学角度来看，主要发展中国家的真正参与是必要的。几个
36、最大的发展中国家很快就会成为世界上最大的排放国。发展中国家化石燃料排放量已经占到全球排放量的 44%。不仅如此，发展中国家还要对过度砍伐森林和其他引起碳浓度增加的土地使用行为负有责任。 /尽管现在已经拥有了发达国家在工业化 时还没有发明的清洁技术，一些发展中国家的人均能源消耗强度仍在持续快速增长。不远的将来， 80%的新建发电项目会出现在发展中国家。我们所有人都希望这些项目将采用最新的尖端技术。 / 我提到这些事实并不是想争辩过去或将来的责任问题，因为那样做会偏离我们抑制全球变暖的共同事业，我只是在强调所有国家共同参与解决这一问题是十分必要的。/ 从真正意义上讲，最能让发展中国家从中获益的是一
37、个全体工业化国家都参与的有效议定书。因为遗憾的是发展中国家适应气候变化的能力最弱。我们等待的时间越长，就越难将温室气体排 放量稳定在能够接受的水平上，那么这些国家所受到的冲击也就会越大。 / 1992年的联合国气候变化框架公约为我们指明了方向：每个国家都应当在国内和国际方面采取与其能力相称的措施，并在 “共同但有区别的义务 ”原则基础上为寻求全球解决方案贡献力量。 / 很多发展中国家已经单方面采取了重要的行动。譬如中国就在节约能源、减少废气排放的同时，大幅度提高了人民的生活水平。如果没有价格改革和能源的有效利用，中国的废气排放量会比现在多 50%。 / 此外，我们认识到有些发展中国家 可能在目
38、前还没有能力承担并执行具有法律约束力的排放目标。对这些国家来讲，采取其他措施可能在目前更为合适。所有发展中国家都应当在 “清洁发展机制 ”下探索机会，制定行之有效的能源和土地利用政策，并根据框架公约采取其他环境友好型措施。 / 框架公约和京都议定书的谈判历程表明了这样一种广泛的共识，即我们需要在实现经济持续增长的同时减缓气候变化。美国相信这一准则仍旧是促使发展中国家采取行动的关键。发展中国家正在京都议定书中找到同时获得发展和实现环境目标的途径。人们正日益认识到 “清洁发展机制 ”在引 入先进技术与大规模资金流向发展中国家的过程中所具有的潜力。 / (节选自 “美国副国务卿谈京都议定书 ”，前美
39、国国务院负责全球事务的副国务卿弗兰克 ?洛伊在美国律师协会年会上的讲话 ) 【知识模块】 环境保护 2 【正确答案】 由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不 久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。 /队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉
40、重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。 / 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位 “给我们的地球一线生机 ”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影 响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。 / 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。 / 山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系
41、统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。 / 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境 的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。 /我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球
42、首脑会议的认可。 / 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限 度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观，尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。/这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资，遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人，因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视，当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。 / 今年是国际生态旅游年，大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和 地区而言，发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望，所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重，进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产，并从中获益。 / 值此世界环境日之际，让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来，给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要，因为只有给地球留有生机，才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。 / (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯 ?特普费尔在 2002年 6月 5日世界环境日上的讲话 “给地球一线生机 ”) 【知识模块】 环境保护
