1、口译二级实务环境保护练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 PART 2 Chinese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begi
2、n. 1 到 1999年春季，美国环境保护署和中国国家环境保护总局 (SEPA)的官员签订了一个协议备忘录，建立了两国在排污权交易和酸雨控制方面的双边示范项目。在签字仪式上召开的国际研讨会上，与会者通过介绍了解了美国环境保护协会与中国地方城市之间的合作项目，这也是到目前为止唯一的一项实地项目。中国国家环境保护总局将美国环境保护协会的项目整理成正式文件，作为中国官方在这个双边项目中的贡献。该文件对美国环保协会所做 的工作做了正式的介绍。 /此外，中国国家环境保护总局指定美国环保协会和它的合作伙伴一起监督中美酸雨及排污权交易项目的案例研究。美国环保协会于 1999年 12月首次组织召开了两国双边会
3、议。这些新的进展恰好给双方合作提供了高层信息传递的媒介以及所需要的官方关注。 / 美国环保协会还继续利用其丰富的经验以及与美国国内决策者之间的关系网来加强其能力和基础设施的建设。美国环保协会最近在美国接待了该示范项目的主要参与者，安排他们与美国同行见面，并参加了今年 10月在华盛顿召开的第二次双边会议。 / 美国环境 保护协会相信，总量控制是中国环境政策的一大新进展。它让人们明确地认识到，有效的政策之所以重要在于它是对总排放量进行控制而不只是对浓度进行限制。美国是世界上唯一在该环境政策方面总结出大量可靠经验的国家。 /如果中国想在环境管理系统方面进行转型，即改变原来的以降低不断增加的环保负担为
4、目标但并不能有效地保护人类健康和环境的管理系统，使其包括切实可行的、与持续的经济发展相适应的排放限量规定，那么将总量控制视为成功的发展途径就是至关重要的了。 / (选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛 2002年年会上的发言 “中国的排污权交易 ”) 2 随着中国实现总量控制的目标所面临的挑战日益严峻，以部门为基础分配减排责任的可能性越来越大。另外，根据最新修订的空气清洁条例，排放许可最终被赋予了法律地位，并在指定和执行减排义务中起指导性作用。 /根据这两项最新的政策进展，美国环保协会已经和国家环保总局的各个部门达成协议，并计划通过新近确定的示范项目对这两项政策进行协调。 /在
5、国家环保总局最近公布的一个官方文件中，美国环保协会接受委托同国家环保总局结成了伙伴关系，在中国的四个省、三个大城市进一步拓展试 点性的排污权贸易政策，以便积攒经验，为实现十五计划中确定的将二氧化硫控制在一定标准内的宏伟目标做准备。美国环保协会期望这些新的示范项目能够为跨界环境问题提供一种灵活而综合的解决办法。 / 美国环保协会和美国国家及各州的立法人士都保持着长期的良好关系。我们希望这种经历和在环境政策发展及执行方面的经验能对建立具有中国特色的排污权交易有所帮助。基于此，我想在最后对政协自身的工作提出几条建议。 / 首先，排污权交易要有正式的法律支持来解决在中国推广过程中所存在的任何不确定性。
6、第二，建立全国性的基础设 施以推动总量控制方面的省际合作，这一点至关重要。国家对总量控制配额的注册和跟踪机制就是基础设施建设的一个范例。 /第三，有必要考虑建立有效期为五年以上的配额制度。对于多数公司来说，资本投资是一项大而长期的行为。为了从这些投资决策中获得最大收益，履行环境义务应该有一个合理的期限。最后，关键是要建立一套行之有效的遵守制度。如果对违反规定的行为没有实质性的惩罚措施，排污权贸易机制就毫无作用。 / (选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛 2002年年会上的发言 “中国的排污权交易 ”) 口译二 级实务环境保护练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 PART 2 Chin
7、ese-English Translation (50 points, 30 minutes) Interpret the following passages from Chinese into English. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now lets begin. 1 【正确答案】 In the spring of 1999, a
8、memorandum of agreement between the Administrators of the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) established a bilateral project on emissions trading and acid rain. At the international workshop convened for the signing, the project be
9、tween U.S. Environmental Defense and local cities in China was presented to the participants as the only practical field work conducted to date. SEPA has developed official documentation for Environmental Defenses project as Chinas official contribution to this bilateral project in which Environment
10、al Defenses work is formally introduced. /In addition, Environmental Defense together with its partners has been named by SEPA as overseers of all the case studies for US-China acid rain emissions trading program. Environmental Defense organized the first bilateral meeting between the two countries
11、in December of 1999. These new developments provide exactly the high-level delivery vehicle for the bilateral cooperation and focus of official attention needed. / Environmental Defense also continues to use its substantial experience and network of domestic policy-makers in the U.S. to reinforce th
12、e development of the capacities and infrastructure. Environmental Defense has recently hosted key participants in the demonstration project in the U.S. for meetings with the US counterparts and participated in the second bilateral meeting held in Washington this past October. / Environmental Defense
13、 believes that Total Emissions Control (TEC) is a critical new development in Chinese environmental policy. It represents a clear understanding of the importance of effective policies to limit total discharges rather than just concentrations. The United States is the only country in the world to hav
14、e developed a credible reservoir of experience with such environmental policies. / If China is to transform its environmental management system from one which addresses incremental loads but is ineffective in protecting human health and the environment to a system that includes meaningful and enforc
15、eable emission limitations consistent with continued economic growth, then it is critical that TEC is perceived as a successful path forward. / (Excerpt from “Emissions Trading in China“ by Mr. Zhang Jianyu, China Representative, of Environment Defense China Program, USA at the annual conference of
16、Boao Asian Forum in 2002) 【知识模块】 环境保护 2 【正确答案】 As the challenge of meeting Chinas Total Emissions Control (TEC) goals becomes more serious, the potential for a sector-based allocation of reduction responsibilities is emerging. In addition, according to the newly revised Clean Air Act (CAA), emission
17、 permits have finally been granted legal status and will play an instrumental role in assigning reduction responsibilities and in enforcement. / In line with these two new policy developments. Environmental Defense has established agreements with different departments of SEPA and is planning to coor
18、dinate both initiatives through newly established demonstration projects. / In a most recent official document issued by SEPA, Environmental Defense is entrusted to partner with SEPA to further expand the pilots of emission trading in four provinces and three metropolitan areas in China to prepare e
19、xperience to be applied in achieving the ambitious sulfur dioxide control targets set up in the 10th five-year plan. It is the expectation of Environmental Defense that these new demonstration projects will provide a flexible and integrated approach to the solution of trans-boundary environmental co
20、ncerns. / Environmental Defense has enjoyed a long sound relationship with legislators at the state and national level in the United States. We hope that experience and the experience in environmental policy development and implementation will be useful in creating emissions trading with Chinese cha
21、racteristics. On that basis, I want to make some concluding recommendations for your own work here in the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. / First, emissions trading needs formal legal support to resolve any remaining uncertainty about its use in China. Second, it would be importan
22、t to begin to build national infrastructure to facilitate inter-provincial cooperation on TEC. An example of such infrastructure is a national registry or tracking system for TEC quotas. / Third, it is necessary to consider creating allocations longer than 5 years. For most companies, capital invest
23、ment is significant and long-lived. To get the most from these investment decisions, environmental obligations should be given over a reasonable timeframe. Lastly, it is critical to establish an effective compliance system. Without real consequences for noncompliance, the engine that is emissions trading will not function. / (Excerpt from “Emissions Trading in China“ by Mr. Zhang Jianyu, China Representative of Environment Defense China Program, USA at the annual conference of Boao Asian Forum in 2002) 【知识模块】 环境保护
