1、口译二级综合能力（听原文写综述）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 PART 4 (20 points) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary. This part of test carries 20 points. You m
2、ay need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 口译二级综合能力（听原文写综述）模拟试卷 2答案与解析 一、 PART 4 (20 points) Listen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 min
3、utes to finish you English summary. This part of test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily. 1 【听力原 文】 Having spent much of my life trying to learn languages, I reckon there are four levels of mastery. The first is basic conversation; t
4、he ability to order dinner in German, for instance. Many people who study a language for years never get beyond this level. However, for anglophones this skill is becoming less useful. When I began learning German 30 years ago, many adult Germans couldnt cope in basic English. Today, the tourist who
5、 stammers a few hard-earned German words is often answered in cheery English. This is increasingly true worldwide. English today is “ more widely spoken and written, than any language has ever been“ , wrote Robert McCrum et al in The Story of English. In addition, smartphone apps can now translate s
6、peech on the spot. Learning German (say) just for basic conversation probably isnt worth the effort any more. The second level of mastery is reading a language perhaps not well enough to read Goethe but enough to understand a German newspaper. But this skill too is becoming obsolete. Online translat
7、ion engines like Google Translate keep improving. Feed in a German article, and youll usually get a serviceable English version instantaneously. Google Translate isnt quite Star Treks “Universal Translator“ yet, but then neither are most human linguists. I often use Google Translate to draft emails
8、in French, though the results still require some editing. In short; dont bother learning a language just for functional reading ability. The third level of language mastery high-level conversation obviously remains useful. However, depending on the language, it can take years of work. Continental Eu
9、ropeans learn English relatively easily, because they absorb it almost unconsciously through TV and music, and then get to practice it in conversations with all varieties of foreigner. But angiophones typically get fewer opportunities to master foreign languages. Exotic languages can take herculean
10、effort. I once met an American who had spent seven years learning Mandarin Chinese. He said he regretted having done so, because he hadnt got much beyond basic conversation. The truly useful level of linguistic mastery is perfect fluency. To me, this means being able to say and understand everything
11、 in a language, even if you have an accent and make grammatical errors. If youre perfectly fluent, you can have long evenings nattering with close friends around kitchen tables. Thats the way to understand a country. The fluent Dutch I learnt in childhood has taken me into every room of the Dutch ho
12、use. In France, Ive never got beyond the salon. To achieve perfect fluency, you need to start very young preferably as an infant. The elite fashion for bilingual kindergartens and Mandarin-speaking nannies is easy to mock but its the correct way to learn a foreign language. Anyone starting after age
13、 12 probably wont get far. 1 【正确答案】 Having spent much of my life trying to learn languages, I reckon there are four levels of mastery. The first is basic conversation; the ability to order dinner in German, for instance. Many people who study a language for years never get beyond this level. However
14、, for angiophones this skill is becoming less useful. When I began learning German 30 years ago, many adult Germans couldnt cope in basic English. Today, the tourist who stammers a few hard-earned German words is often answered in cheery English. This is increasingly true worldwide. English today is
15、 “more widely spoken and written, than any language has ever been“ , wrote Robert McCrum et al in The Story of English. In addition, smartphone apps can now translate speech on the spot. Learning German (say) just for basic conversation probably isnt worth the effort any more. The second level of ma
16、stery is reading a language perhaps not well enough to read Goethe but enough to understand a German newspaper. But this skill too is becoming obsolete. Online translation engines like Google Translate keep improving. Feed in a German article, and youll usually get a serviceable English version inst
17、antaneously. Google Translate isnt quite Star Treks “Universal Translator“ yet, but then neither are most human linguists. I often use Google Translate to draft emails in French, though the results still require some editing. In short; dont bother learning a language just for functional reading abil
18、ity. The third level of language mastery high-level conversation obviously remains useful. However, depending on the language, it can take years of work. Continental Europeans learn English relatively easily, because they absorb it almost unconsciously through TV and music, and then get to practise
19、it in conversations with all varieties of foreigner. But anglophones typically get fewer opportunities to master foreign languages. Exotic languages can take herculean effort. I once met an American who had spent seven years learning Mandarin Chinese. He said he regretted having done so, because he
20、hadnt got much beyond basic conversation. The truly useful level of linguistic mastery is perfect fluency. To me, this means being able to say and understand everything in a language, even if you have an accent and make grammatical errors. If youre perfectly fluent, you can have long evenings natter
21、ing with close friends around kitchen tables. Thats the way to understand a country. The fluent Dutch I learnt in childhood has taken me into every room of the Dutch house. In France, Ive never got beyond the salon. To achieve perfect fluency, you need to start very young preferably as an infant. Th
22、e elite fashion for bilingual kindergartens and Mandarin-speaking nannies is easy to mock but its the correct way to learn a foreign language. Anyone starting after age 12 probably wont get far. 【试题解析】 本文论述了掌握外语的几个层次，以及如何让自己不学习外语也能顺畅交流的方式， 是典型的列举型文章。本文的重点在于四个层次分别是什么，以及用什么方式代替这四 种层次的外语能力。 重点一：开门见山，介入
23、主题 There are four levels of mastery 重点二：掌握外语的第一个层次 The first is basic conversation： the ability to order dinner in German， for instance 次重点： 1. English today is “more widely spoken and written, than any language has ever been“. 2. Smartphone apps can now translate speech on the spot. 重点三：掌握外语的第二个层次
24、1. The second level of mastery is reading a language perhaps enough to understand a newspaper. 2. But this skill too is becoming obsolete. 3. Dont bother learning a language just for functional reading ability. 次重点： Online translation engines keep improving. 重点四：掌握外语的第三个层次 1. The third level of lang
25、uage mastery high-level conversation obviously remains useful. 2. However, depending on the language, it can take years of work. 3. But anglophones typically get fewer opportunities to master foreign languages. 重点五：掌握外语的最高层次 1. The truly useful level of linguistic mastery is perfect fluency. 2. To a
26、chieve perfect fluency, you need to start very young preferably as an infant. 【知识模块】 听原文写综述 2 【听力原文】 Im about to get into a flying metal box in Sao Paulo, and get off it in Miami. This sort of abrupt relocation is still pretty rare in human experience: a few years ago the World Tourism Organization
27、predicted that by 2020, 7 per cent of the worlds population would be travelling internationally. But its becoming more common. Its likely that more people will travel abroad this summer than at any other time in history. I have spent my life learning how to travel. From my birth in Uganda onwards, I
28、 have always lived abroad. As an anthropologists son in a permanently expat household, my home life was a daily study of foreign cultures. Ive now tried to formulate a kind of anthropologists guide to travel. The most basic rule: dont go abroad and complain its not like home. One afternoon in Brazil
29、 I listened to a German journalist ranting about Brazilian infrastructure and organisation. If you travel around Brazil expecting German logistics, you are going to end up disappointed. Instead, try to understand how a native sees the place. As the great Bronislaw Malinowski put it, the anthropologi
30、st had to “come down off the veranda“ of the white mans house and pitch a tent in the village. Any anthropologist going somewhere to do fieldwork reads up on the place first. But theres a trap: you arrive so stuffed with information that you can see only what you already knew. The ideal is to arrive
31、 fully informed yet with no preconceptions. Another rule: dont go searching for authentic “traditional culture“. Some travelers think that if you see natives dancing in grass skirts at a rainmaking ceremony, its authentic; whereas if you see them eating at McDonalds, its inauthentic. The problem wit
32、h that is that cultures change. It is true that all cultures change, and take on foreign influences. Wealthy travelers enjoy sampling foreign cultures; Peruvian food, Senegalese music, Buddhist philosophy. Thats partly why we travel. We cant then tell other people, “You stay in some imagined traditi
33、onal version of yourself of 300 years ago, dancing in grass skirts. “ If you do find locals dancing in grass skirts, theyre probably doing it for tour groups. Watch them in McDonalds instead. That may be more authentic. An ethnographer works like a detective, sniffing around and interviewing natives
34、 to discover their codes. You cant be accepted without knowing the codes. In France, for instance, you start a conversation by saying hello. In some parts of Africa, you then ask about the health of various members of your interlocutors family. If you stay somewhere long enough and learn the codes,
35、then like millions of immigrants you can end up understanding the place better than many natives do. A paradox of travel: it also helps you understand home. You come to see your country as just another place, with its own haphazardly arrived-at set of codes that are forever changing, not as the inhe
36、rently superior place against which all other places must be measured. You see that your hometowns status ladders lose all meaning abroad. In Brazil, nobody cares whether you went to school. The obvious conclusion: in the great scheme of things, it may not matter much. Each place has its own codes a
37、nd hierarchies. But beyond these differences, people everywhere have pretty similar instincts. One day, as a young anthropologist living in the Kalahari desert, my father heard on a BBC broadcast on a crackling shortwave radio that John F Kennedy had been murdered. My dad was distraught. He needed t
38、o tell someone. He ran out of his hut, and told a passing Kgalagari goatherd. “Im sorry,“ the man said. “Was he a friend of yours?“ The man reflected, then asked, “I suppose his brother will succeed him?“ 2 【正确答案】 Im about to get into a flying metal box in Sao Paulo, and get off it in Miami. This so
39、rt of abrupt relocation is still pretty rare in human experience: a few years ago the World Tourism Organization predicted that by 2020, 7 per cent of the worlds population would be travelling internationally. But its becoming more common. Its likely that more people will travel abroad this summer t
40、han at any other time in history. I have spent my life learning how to travel. From my birth in Uganda onwards, I have always lived abroad. As an anthropologists son in a permanently expat household, my home life was a daily study of foreign cultures. Ive now tried to formulate a kind of anthropolog
41、ists guide to travel. The most basic rule: dont go abroad and complain its not like home. One afternoon in Brazil I listened to a German journalist ranting about Brazilian infrastructure and organisation. If you travel around Brazil expecting German logistics, you are going to end up disappointed. I
42、nstead, try to understand how a native sees the place. As the great Bronislaw Malinowski put it, the anthropologist had to “come down off the veranda“ of the white mans house and pitch a tent in the village. Any anthropologist going somewhere to do fieldwork reads up on the place first. But theres a
43、 trap: you arrive so stuffed with information that you can see only what you already knew. The ideal is to arrive fully informed yet with no preconceptions. Another rule: dont go searching for authentic “traditional culture“. Some travelers think that if you see natives dancing in grass skirts at a
44、rainmaking ceremony, its authentic; whereas if you see them eating at McDonalds, its inauthentic. The problem with that is that cultures change. It is true that all cultures change, and take on foreign influences. Wealthy travelers enjoy sampling foreign cultures: Peruvian food, Senegalese music, Bu
45、ddhist philosophy. Thats partly why we travel. We cant then tell other people, “You stay in some imagined traditional version of yourself of 300 years ago, dancing in grass skirts. “ If you do find locals dancing in grass skirts, theyre probably doing it for tour groups. Watch them in McDonalds inst
46、ead. That may be more authentic. An ethnographer works like a detective, sniffing around and interviewing natives to discover their codes. You cant be accepted without knowing the codes. In France, for instance, you start a conversation by saying hello. In some parts of Africa, you then ask about th
47、e health of various members of your interlocutors family. If you stay somewhere long enough and learn the codes, then like millions of immigrants you can end up understanding the place better than many natives do. A paradox of travel; it also helps you understand home. You come to see your country a
48、s just another place, with its own haphazardly arrived-at set of codes that are forever changing, not as the inherently superior place against which all other places must be measured. You see that your hometowns status ladders lose all meaning abroad. In Brazil, nobody cares whether you went to scho
49、ol. The obvious conclusion: in the great scheme of things, it may not matter much. Each place has its own codes and hierarchies. But beyond these differences, people everywhere have pretty similar instincts. One day, as a young anthropologist living in the Kalahari desert, my father heard on a BBC broadcast on a crackling shortwave radio that John F Kennedy had been murdered. My dad was distraught. He needed to tell someone. He ran out of his hut, and told a passing Kgalagari goat
