1、国家公共英语三级（天气与气候）练习试卷 5及答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 For the first time in the scientific community, there is total agreement that the activity of humans is at least partly re
2、sponsible for the rise of global temperature specifically the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which is released by the burning of wood, coal and petroleum products. Reducing harmful emissions is just one area in which the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel is decidedly optimist
3、ic. For one thing, in the short term it might not prove that difficult. Efficiency improvements alone could cut energy needs by as much as 30 percent at virtually no extra cost and, in developed countries, emission reductions of up to 60 percent “are technically feasible“. In the longer term, harmfu
4、l emissions will be reduced as the world changes over to cheaper, less environmentally damaging energy sources. So, if it is economically and technically feasible to reduce harmful emissions, why is almost nothing being done? There are two main reasons. The first stems from the uncertainty about how
5、 hot the planet is going to get. The current estimate is extremely broad between 0.8 and 3.5 degrees Celsius by 2100. If the former prediction is accurate, it may be that we can adapt to it without difficulty. If, on the other hand, the latter is closer to reality, a complete rethink of the worlds e
6、nergy supplies is already long overdue. This leads directly to the second problem the time scale involved. It is difficult to get people to act when predictions may take between 50 and 100 years to materialize. For politicians, who face elections every half decade or so. preventative action against
7、a future threat the magnitude of which is still very uncertain carries heavy political risks. Even if politicians in the developed world were to be forced into action, what of the developing world. which is economically dependent on fossil fuels? Should it reduce emissions, and suffer the consequenc
8、es, because of mistakes made by the developed world? One suggestion is that developing countries be given allowances above the current emission standards. This would enable them to meet their industrialized needs and ultimately help them to finance environmentally sound technologies. This would seem
9、 the only realistic way of getting agreement from developing countries a vital requirement because, if preventative action is going to work, you really do have to have everyone on board. 1 In the longer span of the future what is most important in reducing harmful emissions? （ A） Efficiency improvem
10、ents. （ B） New energy sources. （ C） New technologies. （ D） Burning less of wood. coal and petroleum. 2 What is peoples attitude towards worldwide temperature rise? （ A） They are very optimistic and therefore havent done anything about it. （ B） They are very anxious and have began to reduce harmful e
11、missions. （ C） They are uncertain and therefore take a wait-and-see attitude. （ D） They dont think the earth will be too hot to live on, hence they take a passive attitude. 3 What will be the result of harmful emission reductions for the developing countries? （ A） They will be able to avoid the mist
12、akes made by the developed countries in harmful emission. （ B） Their economy will collapse. （ C） They will be forced to meet a certain emission standard to protect the environment. （ D） They will have to develop new technologies so that the environment will not be threatened. 4 The sentence “. if pr
13、eventative action is going to work you really do have to have everyone on board“ means （ A） everyone should be responsible for worldwide temperature rise （ B） everyone should be alert in preventing the earth from becoming hotter （ C） people should take the initiative to preserve the fossil fuels （ D
14、） people should work together as a team to reduce harmful emission 5 According to the passage, which of the following statements is a major factor that blocks the preventive action? （ A） The developing world is unwilling to take preventive action. （ B） People think the developed world should take mo
15、re responsibility. （ C） People do not consider the preventive action an urgent task. （ D） Harmful emissions are hard to reduce in the developing countries. 5 The United States became a rich industrial nation toward the end of the 1800s. There were more goods, more services, more jobs, and a higher s
16、tandard of living. There was more of everything, including problems. One problem was monopoly that is, be the only seller of a certain line of products or a service. In some cases, several companies that manufactured the same product would agree not to compete with one another. They would all agree
17、to charge the same price. These arrangements made it impossible for customers to shop around for lower prices for certain products. Some people decided that huge corporations had too much power and controlled too many markets. Because of their wealth and power, they could see to it that government p
18、assed laws favorable to them. Many people believed that monopoly and price fixing were bad for customers anti bad for the country so that they should be broken up. Finally, the national government and some states passed laws that placed limits on corporations and big companies. These laws made it il
19、legal for companies to make agreements to charge only a certain price. Later on the national government forced monopoly to be broken up. Such laws and government action didnt entirely do away with monopolies. Nor did they stop the growth of huge corporations. But they did show that American people h
20、ad decided that some of the changes that had occurred were harmful. 6 The word “monopoly“ (in Paragraph 1) most probably means _. （ A） the production of certain kinds of goods （ B） complete control and possession of trade （ C） a big corporation or company （ D） an agreement on prices 7 Because of the
21、 agreements between big companies, _. （ A） people had to buy things at certain shops （ B） the prices of their goods were much lower （ C） customers had no choice but to buy goods at fixed prices （ D） there were fewer markets in some states 8 According to the laws, companies _. （ A） were not allowed t
22、o control the markets （ B） could not force the customers to buy their products （ C） should have fixed prices for their products （ D） must produce the same kind of goods for the same market 9 Some American people thought that _. （ A） the government should make some of the huge corporations much small
23、er （ B） the countrys industry was growing too rapidly （ C） shops should have the same price for the same kind of goods （ D） their countrys getting rich was both good and bad to the people 10 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Big companies could not influence the gover
24、nment. （ B） A large number of markets. （ C） Many Americans were worried about the changes in their country. （ D） Some of the laws were in favor of customers. 国家公共英语三级（天气与气候）练习试卷 5答案与解析 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
25、 your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 天气与气候 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考第一段最后一句，改用更经济和危害更少的燃料是减少废气排放的根本，所以选 B。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章第二段称， 目前对气候变暖的估计没有一个准确的说法，并且时间跨度也比较长，温室效应的不确定性使人们并不过于担心，因而采取了走着瞧的态度。符合这一意思的只有 C。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从本文最后两段可以看出，发展中国家经济上严重依赖矿物类燃料，如果得不到发达国家的经济援助，他们采用新
26、技术减少废气排放的成本太高，经济上将无法承受，所以选 B。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本句主要是说，要想推行减少废气排放政策，需要每 个人的参与，故选 D。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本文介绍了减少废气排放的障碍，气候变暖幅度的不确定性和时间跨度太长导致人们不把这看作是一个迫切需要解决的问题，人们并未有紧迫感，所以选 C。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 【知识模块】 天气与气候 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段只提到有些公司为了避免竞争，就进行价格协商；采用统一价格。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考文中第一 段谈的内容，垄断的形成。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 8 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考文中第三段所谈，政府法律规定不许垄断价格。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参阅文章内容，人们对大公司的态度以及政府所采取的措施。 【知识模块】 天气与气候 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文中第二段提到，大公司的财力，他们可以影响政府制定对他们有利的法律。 【知识模块】 天气与气候
