1、国家公共英语三级(家与家人,环境)练习试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 Text The message of【 C1】 _such as this is【 C2】 _natural systems are complex, unpredictable:
2、understanding them【 C3】 _patient observation and【 C4】 _analysis. The lack of these conditions explains why, in the early modern era, grass snakes were killed as venomous, and gardeners【 C5】 _worms because they【 C6】 _gnaw plant roots. The assumption that people “ought“ to know about such things is ba
3、sed on an urban-rural divide that opened up in the 18th century. For a【 C7】 _of centuries, city and country people did【 C8】 _separate realms. But the car, the phone, the media and the Internet have contributed to the【 C9】 _tendency of what we call modern lifestyle; and the vast population【 C10】 _fro
4、m cities into rural areas blurred the difference【 C11】 _urban and rural. Thus, a new word “rurban“ has been coined to【 C12】 _this condition. Most of us now work【 C13】 _or in an office, and【 C14】 _we are involved in our primary industries, we are【 C15】_more likely to be staring【 C16】 _a computer than
5、【 C17】 _with the landscape. Human life has turned generally into a【 C18】 _by work, sleep, shopping and TV all【 C19】 _identical【 C20】 _performed in town or country. 1 【 C1】 ( A) study ( B) studies ( C) studying ( D) studied 2 【 C2】 ( A) which ( B) who ( C) that ( D) what 3 【 C3】 ( A) retains ( B) rel
6、ieves ( C) requires ( D) enquires 4 【 C4】 ( A) permanent ( B) careless ( C) sensitive ( D) careful 5 【 C5】 ( A) protected ( B) cared ( C) destroyed ( D) collide 6 【 C6】 ( A) were thought to ( B) thought to ( C) were thought ( D) thought 7 【 C7】 ( A) pair ( B) couple ( C) list ( D) line 8 【 C8】 ( A)
7、inhabited ( B) inhabiting ( C) inhabits ( D) inhabit 9 【 C9】 ( A) same ( B) identical ( C) similar ( D) unifying 10 【 C10】 ( A) gathering ( B) outflow ( C) flourish ( D) crowd 11 【 C11】 ( A) between ( B) in ( C) to ( D) with 12 【 C12】 ( A) prescribe ( B) describe ( C) show ( D) detail 13 【 C13】 ( A)
8、 inland ( B) inner ( C) input ( D) indoors 14 【 C14】 ( A) if even ( B) even if ( C) if ( D) though 15 【 C15】 ( A) very ( B) quiet ( C) far ( D) fully 16 【 C16】 ( A) at ( B) to ( C) into ( D) with 17 【 C17】 ( A) communicate ( B) communicating ( C) to communicate ( D) to communicating 18 【 C18】 ( A) m
9、ulticulture ( B) biculture ( C) anti-culture ( D) monoculture 19 【 C19】 ( A) literally ( B) actively ( C) theoretically ( D) actually 20 【 C20】 ( A) whether ( B) if ( C) weather ( D) even Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. M
10、ark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Urban life has always embraced a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stresses; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition, and competition is stressful; it is often at its most inte
11、nse in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of a huge number of people inevitably involves more conflict, more travelling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has alway
12、s flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but todays convenience of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around
13、them. As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are
14、 usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual; for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behaviour are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread
15、loneliness and destroy the community s concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. Inner regions of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful
16、 and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problem
17、s of urban life. Old-established neighbourhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by high, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconv
18、enient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structure is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to prese
19、rve familiar landmarks. 21 According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _ . ( A) anxious to succeed ( B) in need of help ( C) naturally aggressive ( D) likely to commit crime 22 The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _ . ( A)
20、people do not communicate with their neighbour ( B) criminals are difficult to trace in large populations ( C) people feel anonymous there ( D) the traps of success are attractive to criminals 23 The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they _ . ( A) dislike having to travel far
21、 to work ( B) have been forced by circumstances to do so ( C) don t like the idea of living in the suburb ( D) have turned against society 24 Architectural changes have affected city life by _ . ( A) dispersing long-established communities ( B) giving the individual a say in planning ( C) forcing pe
22、ople to live on top of each other ( D) making people move to the suburbs 25 The author s general argument is that urban life would be improved by _ . ( A) moving people out of tower blocks ( B) restoring old buildings ( C) building community centers ( D) preserving existing social system 国家公共英语三级(家与
23、家人,环境)练习试卷 12答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 1 【 正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查名词 study的特殊用法。 studies研究,做名词用;studying, studied均为分词形式; study学习。故选 B。
24、 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查宾语从句先行词用法。应选 C。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查动词词义辨异。 retain保持,保留; relieve解除,缓解;require需要,要求; enquire咨询,查询。故选 C。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查形容词词义解析。 permanent永久的,长期的;careless,粗心地,不细心的; sensitive敏感的; careful仔细的,细心的。故选D。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 5 【正确答案】 C
25、【试题解析】 本题考查动词词义辨析。通过后句 “gnaw plant roots”可知虫子给人们带来了损失,故排除 A、 B。 collide与 撞击 /矛盾; destroy杀死,毁灭。故选 C。 【知 识模块】 家与家人,环境 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查被动语态用法。句中 “they”代指 “the worms”,故应用被动语态。后有动词 gnaw,需用不定式 to连接,故选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查量词用法。 pair双,对; couple双,对,可用 a couple of表示两个,几个; list列表, a l
26、ist of许多,大量; line线条,故选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查强调句用法。 “do/does/did+动词原形 ”,故选 D。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 9 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查近义词辨析。由后句意可知,人们的生活方式趋向一致了。再来看四个选项。 same同样的,一样的; identical一致的,和谐的; similar类例的,相似的; unifying使 统一的,趋于一致的,故本题选 D。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题名词词义辨析。 gathering集会,聚
27、集; outflow n. 流出,外流; flourish繁荣,繁盛; crowd人群,观众。故选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查介词用法: difference between.and.,故选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查词义辨析。 prescribe开药方; describe描写,描述; show表现,展示; detail细节,小节。故选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查名词词义辨析。 inland内陆,内地; inner内部的,内地的
28、; input输入,插入; indoors,为副词在室内。故选 D。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此题考查连词的用法。 if even无此词组; even if即使,尽管; if如果,假如; though虽然 但是 。故选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此题考查副词用法。四 个选项中,可修饰比较级 more的副词只有far,故选 C。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 16 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查动词后加介词用法, stare at注视,凝视,故选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 17 【正确
29、答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查连词 than(不是,不愿 )后接动词的用法,其后接动词 -ing形式,故选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 18 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题属句意题,根据前后句意思可知,人类生活在一个 单一、趋同的世界里。故: monoculture(单一变化 ),为合适答案。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 19 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查副词词义。 literally文字上地;按字面意思的; actively积极地,实际地; theoretically理论上地; actually实际上。故选 D。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 20 【正确答案
30、】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查 whether.or.(表选择 ),故选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 Part A Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 21 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。文中提到 “Opportunities means competition.”“Competition is s
31、tressful”,有竞争肯定每个人都想取胜,故选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 22 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。犯罪上升的根本原因还是人口过多。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 23 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。从 “done badly”可判断出选 B。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 24 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考查细节。从 “Old-established neighbourhoods have been ruthlessly swept away”可知选 A。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境 25 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题,从文中最后一句可知。 【知识模块】 家与家人,环境