1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 5及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 0 You will hear a speech by Bob Chase, President of the National Education Association
2、(NEA)to the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling TRUE, or FALSE. You will hear the speech only once. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10.（ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FA
3、LSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE （ A） TURE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Which of t
4、he following is true about fathers in Sweden? （ A） They are under heavy pressure to do more housework. （ B） They are entitled to take parental leave. （ C） They are spending more time shopping with their young kids. （ D） They are celebrating the 30th anniversary of “papa leave“. 12 What is one featur
5、e of the parental leave in Sweden? （ A） Fathers can be off work for 13 months. （ B） The leave can be taken periodically. （ C） The couple may have 90 days more without pay. （ D） Parents may lose their salary by SO percent. 13 What is essential to equality in the labour market according to feminists?
6、（ A） High rates of female involvement. （ B） Shared responsibility for childcare. （ C） Higher wages for female employees. （ D） Transfer of leave between partners. 14 Why is the reform of public education unlikely to happen? （ A） Few people support it. （ B） State governments oppose it. （ C） The teache
7、rs unions show no interest in the proposals. （ D） Teachers and schools will resist the reform. 15 What will the home-school co-op model be like in the future? （ A） Funded partly by state governments. （ B） Independent of public schools. （ C） Linked with technology and public schools. （ D） Primarily a
8、ttended by poor kids aided by scholarships. 16 How many students are now studying at home-schools? （ A） Two million. （ B） A few thousand. （ C） Twenty thousand. （ D） Three million. 17 What can be said about the report by the National Academy of Sciences? （ A） It is presented in an authoritative tone.
9、 （ B） It is based on an objective analysis. （ C） It provides an unbiased view on global wanning. （ D） It contains provocative remarks to skeptics. 18 How much has the world temperature gone up in the past 100 years? （ A） By 1 degree. （ B） By 2 degrees. （ C） By 4 degrees. （ D） By 5 degrees. 19 What i
10、s the largest energy source in the US today? （ A） Nuclear energy. （ B） Coal. （ C） Oil. （ D） Natural gas. 20 What hinders the extensive use of renewable energy sources? （ A） Lack of advanced storing technology. （ B） A need for joint efforts of scientists. （ C） A shortage of practical support from the
11、 public. （ D） An unreliable market demand. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1
12、 minute to read Questions 21-30. 20 You will hear an interview about Galapagos Adventure Tour in Ecuador. As you listen, you must answer Questions 21 to 30 by writing no more than three words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the interview twice. You now have 1 minute to read Questio
13、ns 21 to 30.一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Aging baby boomers are determined to fight the aging process. They spend millions of dollars a year on【 C1】
14、_they perceive as the best anti-aging products【 C2】 _can buy. They are being very short-sighted【 C3】 _their quest for youth. Just【 C4】 _a well-maintained car eventually breaks【 C5】 _, our bodies【 C6】 _the same. Aging is a chronic and ongoing condition we all face. Successful aging requires planning.
15、 The baby boomer generation has made【 C7】_ loud and clear that they want to remain in their homes and communities【 C8】_they age. Yet they【 C9】 _ the most important factor that will help them achieve the goal 【 C10】 _age successfully at home. The home environment most boomers reside in was built for
16、the young family. A young body【 C11】 _run the stairs, stand at the sink and get on a stool to【 C12】_things. These are activities that become difficult or even【 C13】 _for some as they age. Falls are the number one robber of independence of the aging body. Yes, all the exercise and good nutrition cann
17、ot【 C14】 _one from falling and breaking a bone. Eventually the body slows down and【 C15】 _mobile can be an issue. It becomes hard to get into the bathroom. Many aging seniors stop taking baths because of a【 C16】 _of falling. No matter how hard we want to stay young or our bodies【 C17】 _maintain a yo
18、uthful appearance, eventually we will slow down. So what is the best investment for successful aging at home? It is simple. Adjust your present living environment to meet the needs of your aging body. Many aging seniors【 C18】 _up in nursing homes or assisted living【 C19】 _their home environment coul
19、d not【 C20】 _ their needs. 31 【 C1】 32 【 C2】 33 【 C3】 34 【 C4】 35 【 C5】 36 【 C6】 37 【 C7】 38 【 C8】 39 【 C9】 40 【 C10】 41 【 C11】 42 【 C12】 43 【 C13】 44 【 C14】 45 【 C15】 46 【 C16】 47 【 C17】 48 【 C18】 49 【 C19】 50 【 C20】 Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompa
20、ny them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 The trams that glide through Croydon by day are evocative of continental Europe. The loud and sometimes violent drunkenness among the young people who roam this south London suburb on a Saturday night is all too British, howev
21、er. That Britons tend to drink too much is nothing new. But the debate about how to curb youthful drunkenness is gaining focus, in part because of recent reminders that the violence it produces can go beyond clumsy late-night fights. On August 17th, three youths in Gateshead were convicted of beatin
22、g a man into a month-long coma for refusing to buy alcohol for their underage friends. Peter Fathy, the chief constable of Cheshire, where a father of three was murdered on August 10th by youths, has suggested, among other things, raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 and banning alcohol cons
23、umption in public places. These proposals sound plausible but they have drawbacks. It would put Britain out of line with international practice: the buying age is 18 in most of Europe, and as low as 16 in countries without much of a drink problem, such as Italy. In any case, binge-drinkers in their
24、mid-twenties are also part of the problem. As for banning drinking in public places, local authorities in Britain can already do this. Two particularly enthusiastic councils are Westminster in London and Brighton and Hove on the south coast, both of which have raucous night-time economies. Other cou
25、ncils apply the ban more selectively. An alternative to restrictive measures is to teach Britons more sensible drinking habits. After all, government campaigns and public health advertisements played some role in the decline in smoking. But Ben Baumberg, a researcher at the Institute for Alcohol Stu
26、dies, cautions against pinning too many hopes on this approach. By itself, he says, it will not revolutionise Britains binge-drinking culture. A surer solution is to raise the cost of alcohol by increasing taxes. Grant Thornton, an accountancy firm, points out that taxes on alcohol have fallen in re
27、al terms over the past decade, although they are still high by European standards. Intense competition between the pubs and bars in town centres has also pushed down prices. Drinkers stumble from one watering hole to the next in search of “happy hours“ and other promotions. Supermarkets are also acc
28、used of selling alcoholic beverages. The government may be about to change course. Its previous strategy to counter excessive alcohol consumption was criticized for relying too heavily on voluntary action by the drinks industry. But ministers said in June that they would review the pricing and promo
29、tion of alcohol. Raising the cost of drinking is the best hope of making a Saturday night in Croydon more peaceful. 51 What is implied in the first paragraph? （ A） Nights in Britain can be chaotic. （ B） Croydon has kept continental tradition. （ C） Tram service is not available at night. （ D） Drunken
30、 young people are hardly seen during the day. 52 The proposal of resetting the drinking age （ A） was triggered by a murder committed by drunken youths. （ B） may lead to a feasible solution to youthful drunkenness. （ C） would enable Britain to keep up with international practice. （ D） was put forward
31、 out of the concern about violent crimes. 53 In solving the drinking problem, some local governments （ A） may try similar measures as they did to smoking. （ B） are to raise public awareness of the severity of youthful drunkenness. （ C） have to strike a balance between economy and public order. （ D）
32、have been cautious about taking restrictive measures nationwide. 54 What is the best solution to excessive drinking according to the author? （ A） Raising the legal drinking age. （ B） Banning alcohol consumption in public places. （ C） Placing public health advertisements. （ D） Raising taxes on alcoho
33、lic drinks. 55 Which of the following can be the title of this passage? （ A） The Cost of Drinking （ B） How to Sober Them Up （ C） Drinking and Crime in Britain （ D） The Search for Happy Hour 55 The two books, Final Exam: A Surgeons Reflections on Mortality by Pauline Chen, and Better: A Surgeons Note
34、s on Performance by Atul Gawande, are remarkably honest and human accounts, both describing professional moments of fear, guilt, embarrassment and humor. The two authors, both Harvard-educated surgeons, admit to cases of personal failure and call on their fellow medics to reflect continuously on how
35、 they can improve the way their profession is practiced. Pauline Chens project is a discussion of appropriate end-of-life care. She probes into the question of why surgeons can seem unfeeling and slowly teases apart the answer that it is brought about by a doctors training. In her view, medical stud
36、ents should learn to trivialize death enough to cope but humanize it enough to help, and their formal education caters disproportionately to the former. Atul Gawande is more interested in behavioral tendencies than emotional ones. His is wider in scope and richer in fascinating detail. A staff write
37、r for the New Yorker as well as a 2006 Mac Arthur “genius“ grant recipient for his research, Dr. Gawande reports on the experience of other doctors as well as recounting his own. He has talked to medical men who have participated in executions and to others who have become prosecuting lawyers in mal
38、practice suits. Dr. Gawande encourages his colleagues to observe their performance in a quantitative way. A simple example of this is that medics: including himself, wash their hands about a third as often as they should. By contrast, doctors at the World Health Organization monitor polio with such
39、diligence that a single case in southern India leads to the rapid mobilization of a massive vaccination program. Army surgeons in Afghanistan and Iraq are, he believes, masters at working out ways to improve their performance. For example, their exhaustive spreadsheets reveal that when surgeons are
40、faced with wounded men off the battlefield, the death count is reduced if, instead of continuing the necessary emergency treatment, they ship the anaesthetized soldiers off to other, perhaps better-equipped facilities, their wounds often still open and packed with gauze. Both authors recall professi
41、onals they respect telling them that the best doctors are those who can put themselves in their patients shoes. This allows them to approach openly the question of when to give up on aggressive treatment and let the patients failing health progress peacefully. Deaths can often be made easier than th
42、ey would have been if too much medical ambition had been involved. Where these books disappoint, if only slightly, is in the very occasional use of a specialized term when an everyday phrase would have done. A pity, but a small one. In general, both books succeed in being as engaging to the layman a
43、s to the practicing or studying doctor. They should be required reading for the latter. 56 According to Dr. Chen, medical students are trained to （ A） treat death as something unimportant. （ B） treat death in an inhumane way. （ C） show sympathy towards patients sufferings. （ D） show civility towards
44、 dying patients. 57 In his book, Dr. Gawande （ A） deals mainly with emotional issues in medical practice. （ B） presents a bigger picture of doctors professional experiences. （ C） argues that behavioral factors are more important than emotional ones. （ D） reports on the malpractice of prosecuting law
45、yers with medical backgrounds. 58 What is Dr. Gawandes attitude towards the army surgeons conduct in Afghanistan and Iraq? （ A） Approving. （ B） Critical. （ C） Sympathetic. （ D） Defensive. 59 What do the two surgeons say about treatment to those fatally ill? （ A） Doctors should work out ambitious pla
46、ns to save the patients life. （ B） Doctors should learn to frankly discuss treatment with the patient. （ C） Doctors should learn to be concerned and face reality with the patient. （ D） Doctors should convince the patient of the futility of medical treatment. 60 What is the articles criticism of the
47、two books? （ A） Some unnecessary use of jargon. （ B） Frequent use of laymans language. （ C） Imprecise use of everyday language. （ D） Too much use of formal speech. 60 The pages of the Harvard Business Review are not usually populated by novelists. But Joseph Finder is just such a rarity. Recently, t
48、he HBR posted a fictitious case study by Mr. Finder on its website. Readers will now have a chance to comment: the most interesting contributions, as well as the remarks of several corporate grandees, will appear alongside the story in the printed version of the magazine in October. In the case stud
49、y, Mr. Finder describes a dilemma facing Cheryl Tobin, the newly installed chief executive of a big aerospace firm. She starts to suspect that her colleagues have engaged in massive corruption to win contracts. Ms. Tobin is also a central character in Mr. Finders new book, Power Play, which was released earlier this week. In the novel, her main concern is not corruption but an executive retreat on a remote island that goes horribly wrong. A graduate of both Yale and Harva
