1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Man has three basic needs: food, shelter and clothing. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 The only
2、 reason man wears clothing is for protection. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 It is believed that early man sometimes wore the skins of animals as a kind of magic. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 All natural materials used for clothing come from animals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Wool comes from sheep and cows. （ A）
3、Right （ B） Wrong 6 Cotton was first used as material in Europe. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Linen is made from animal hair. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Artificial silk was made in 1884. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 It is possible to make synthetic fibers from milk and petroleum. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Syntheti
4、c fibers are never as good as natural fibers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 To start a new business, you should first _. （ A） get ahead of yourself
5、（ B） explore the market （ C） know more about competitors （ D） forecast the lowest cost 12 Which of the following questions should be asked in ones research if he wants to start a new business? （ A） What is the size and shape of his business? （ B） What is his likely profit in the business? （ C） How m
6、uch will be the management charge? （ D） Who are his potential competitors? 13 From the talk we can infer that _. （ A） big businesses can sustain losses even if they make a mistake in selecting new products （ B） big businesses will be out of business if their new products are not welcomed by the mark
7、et （ C） small businesses can adjust their management quite flexibly to suit the market （ D） small businesses can be flexible in deciding the price range for their new products 14 What is the subject of the conference? （ A） Gene and heredity. （ B） Decision sciences. （ C） Interdisciplinary research. （
8、 D） Societal policy making. 15 How does the Chairman evaluate this kind of conference? （ A） Problematic. （ B） Complicated. （ C） Beneficial. （ D） Interesting. 16 What is the task which Dr. Martin and other committee members feel difficult? （ A） Preparing summaries. （ B） Holding group discussions. （ C
9、） Understanding the themes of some speeches. （ D） Satisfying the conference participants. 17 What happened to the child in Frederick s experiment? （ A） The childs brain was damaged. （ B） The child died. （ C） The child kept silent. （ D） The child heard no mother tongue. 18 Why are some children still
10、 backward in speaking? （ A） Their brains have been input with too much language at once. （ B） They do not listen carefully to their mothers. （ C） Their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them. （ D） Their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak. 19 What is the difference of the lang
11、uage of a child of four from that of his parents? （ A） The vowel sounds. （ B） The grammar. （ C） The style. （ D） The vocabulary. 20 What is a possible consequence if the mother does not respond to her childs signals? （ A） The child will make little effort to speak. （ B） The child will speak properly
12、all the same. （ C） The child will stop giving out signals. （ D） The child will develop a language of its own. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space
13、provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Besides the form of reports, in what other forms can we give oral presentations? 22 Whats the essential point we should realize about speech and writing? 23 What can the listeners rely on when they
14、 are listening? 24 One of the best ways to help your audience is simply _. 25 Besides the problem of speaking too fast, what else will make listening more difficult? 26 Before delivering the new information, what should the speaker give his audience? 27 After delivering the new information, why shou
15、ld the speaker also give his audience some time? 28 What does repetition of ideas mean? 29 Whats the third method mentioned here to give the listener time for think? 30 Can you give an example of “filler words“? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill e
16、ach of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Walking like swimming, bicycling and running is an aerobic exercise, (31) builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises ma
17、y be a primary factor in the (32) of heart and circulatory disease. As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the (33) acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking (34) comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio respiratory system (35) stimula
18、ting the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate (36) most other forms of exercise. In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age, (37) at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement (38) to men the same age on a 30 minute, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same per
19、iod. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased (39). These changes suggest (40) of the important even vital benefits walking can (41) about. Walking (42) burns calories. It takes 3,500 calories to gain or (43) one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will (44) up 300 to 360 calories
20、. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a-pound-and-a-half monthly, or 18 pounds (45)providing there is no change in your intake of food. To (46) weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year. (47) your age, right now is the time to give your
21、physical well being as much thought as you (48) to pensions or insurance. Walking is a vital defense (49) the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is natures (50) of giving you a tune-up. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing
22、A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason. The last thing you want is for your brain cells to start producing stomach acid
23、 or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time ceils truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death
24、of healthy cells brain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall s
25、cientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations. But if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have
26、 a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with Dolly the sheep two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a p
27、ristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could becom
28、e routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult.
29、Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a tree “miracle cur
30、e“. 51 The passage mainly discusses _. （ A） the cloning technology （ B） types of body cells （ C） stem ceils （ D） methods of growing body tissues 52 The reason a nose is not likely to turn into a kidney is that_. （ A） cells in the nose do not contain instructions （ B） a nose does not contain brain ce
31、lls （ C） instructions in a nose cell are inactivated （ D） the stern cells have not been specialized 53 When stem cells specialize, they _. （ A） grow into body parts （ B） are destroyed （ C） are set back to a pristine state （ D） turn nose into kidney 54 The phrase “biological carbon copies“ (para. 4)
32、refers to_. （ A） physical characteristics of real market value （ B） body tissues （ C） cloned animals （ D） stem cells 55 The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements? （ A） Human cloning is a technical impossibility. （ B） Human cloning may cause ethical concerns. （ C） Clon
33、ing contributes to understanding of stem cells. （ D） The potential medical values of cloning have been exaggerated. 56 Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for
34、community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were already forming the habit of gathering from all corners of the nation for both public and private, business and pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilities making
35、conventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican Party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the count
36、ry. The presence in Baltimore of Barnums City Hotel, a six-story building with two hundred apartments, helps explain why many other early national political conventions were held there, In the longer nm, too, American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivia
37、l. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for ov
38、er a third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation; about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons. Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential “hosts“ of the eighteenth-c
39、entury European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local “palace of the public“, they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by thi
40、s high social position. 56 The word “bound“ in line 1 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） led （ B） protected （ C） tied （ D） strengthened 57 The National Republican Party is mentioned in line 7 as an example of a group _. （ A） from Baltimore （ B） of learned people （ C） owning a hotel （ D） holding a conve
41、ntion 58 The word “assembling“ in line 13 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） announcing （ B） motivating （ C） gathering （ D） contracting 59 It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were_. （ A） active politicians （ B） European immigrants （ C） professional builders
42、 （ D） influential citizens 60 Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them. （ B） Conventions were held in them. （ C） People used them for both business and pleasure. （ D） They were important to
43、 the community. 61 The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that
44、the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food. Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that have been overlooked until recently. Three quarters of the Earths fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense
45、that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica. Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow
46、 continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes; rather, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move myste
47、riously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To corral them and steer them to parts of the world where the
48、y are needed would not be too difficult. The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide
49、would be far cheaper than that produced by desalination, or removing salt from water. 61 The main idea of the passage is about_. （ A） the movement of glaciers （ B） icebergs as a source of fresh water （ C） future water shortages （ D） the future of the worlds rivers 62 The word “it“ in line 2 refers to_. （ A） an iceberg that is towed （ B） obtaining fresh water from icebergs （ C） the population of arid areas （ D） real life 63 According to the author, most of the worlds fresh water is to be found in_
