1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 Lincoln University, beginning as a school of agriculture, is the oldest institution in
2、the commonwealth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 The schools objective was simply to teach the science of practical farming. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 The library is a rebuild of Ivey Hall named after the first chief lecturer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The school became Canterbury Agricultural College of the U
3、niversity of New Zealand in 1896. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 It developed fast and became an international institution before the Second World War. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Many graduates from Lincoln have been playing important roles in developing their own countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Lincoln wa
4、s granted as an “autonomous but specialized“ university in 1978. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 The university enrolled 3, 792 undergraduates in 1999. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 Not all the students can live on campus during the university year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 Lincoln University will go on developin
5、g both teaching and research in order to meet the global demands. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What would a cooling trend in weather bring to the w
6、orld? （ A） Floods along the sea coasts. （ B） A shortage of food and fuel. （ C） Unpredictable weather conditions. （ D） Disappointment to some climatologists. 12 What can be learned about the hypotheses of climatologists? （ A） They are often quite accurate. （ B） They are not reliable. （ C） They are sh
7、ort-sighted. （ D） They generally fall into two categories. 13 What was characteristic of the “Little Ice Age“? （ A） Cold and damp climate. （ B） Change in geographic conditions. （ C） World-wide drought. （ D） Reduction of water resources. 14 Why did the man go to see his doctor? （ A） To find out if he
8、 has the flu. （ B） To find out how to maintain a nutritious diet. （ C） To find out how to prevent illness. （ D） To find out the results of a blood test. 15 How does the man describe his health problem? （ A） He gets ill at the same time every year. （ B） He doesnt get enough exercise. （ C） He often ha
9、s difficulty sleeping. （ D） Hes sick with influenza throughout the winter. 16 Why does the doctor suggest the man get a lot of rest and eat well? （ A） To be ready to have a physical examination. （ B） To increase weight. （ C） To fight off the disease. （ D） To feel well during the new semester. 17 Why
10、 does the speaker refer to swimming as one of the most beneficial forms of general exercise? （ A） Because no other form of exercise uses so many muscles in the body so fully. （ B） Because no other form of exercise provides so much pleasure. （ C） Because no other form of exercise is so popular. （ D）
11、Because no other form of exercise is so competitive. 18 What group is the speaker addressing? （ A） Parents of swimmers. （ B） Tennis coaches. （ C） Candidates for the swimming team. （ D） Competitive runners. 19 The speaker compares competitive swimming with what sport in terms of the athletes age? （ A
12、） Golfing. （ B） Tennis. （ C） Football. （ D） Running. 20 What does the speaker say about competitive swimming? （ A） It is a lifelong sport. （ B） It may interfere with academic studies. （ C） It does not offer many financial rewards. （ D） It is less demanding than other sports. Part C Directions: You w
13、ill hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 When was the organization of Re
14、d Cross established? 22 What did several countries take part in in 1864? 23 What happened to the Geneva Convention in 1949? 24 How many members did the International Red Cross Society consist of? 25 What are sent to the family members of both prisoners-of-war and civilians through Red Cross? 26 What
15、 work is the Red Cross also responsible for in time of peace in many countries? 27 What were the Voluntary Detachments of Men trained for in Britain? 28 When were the junior Red Cross Sections first formed? 29 What did Clara Baron set up during the U.S. Civil War? 30 When did Miss Barton retire from
16、 the leading office of Red Cross in U.S.A.? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 The worry about salt is that it may (31) high blood pressure. Chemically, sa
17、lt (32) of sodium and chloride ions, both of (33) are common in the human (34) and are important for many physiological and biochemical (35). We not only need salt, we are salt; but too (36) may still be bad for us. Although the idea of a (37) between salt and high blood pressure (38) back to 2000 B
18、C, there is still no scientific (39) as to whether this is so or not. One reason for this (40) to agree is that individual salt intake (41) enormously from day to day, and so reliable measures of intake are hard to come (42). Those who believe that salt does (43) to high blood pressure point to the
19、high (44) of high blood pressure in countries that eat a very (45) diet. In Japan, for instance, where salted fish is an important part of the diet, high blood pressure and (46) complications are common, (47) among some Amazonian and African tribes, which have a low intake of salt, they are almost (
20、48). But (49) there is this neat relation between salt intake and the incidence of high blood pressure between countries, it doesnt seem to apply (50) those countries themselves. Studies, for instance, of couples who have a similar salt intake dont show any consistency in how often they develop high
21、 blood pressure. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 The success or failure of a case often binges on an organizing principle known as a case theme. For example, the case theme in
22、the trial of Erik and Lyle Menendez, two brothers accused of murdering their parents, was “the abuse excuse“. The brothers should be excused because they had been severely abused. A primary case theme of the O.J. Simpson defense was “the police messed up and planted evidence“. Themes are simple, bri
23、ef (one sentence!) statements that capture the essence of your argument. You control the lens through which the facts will be viewed. For a trial lawyer, this is absolutely critical. If the lawyer fails to establish a case theme, he or she gives opposing counsel the advantage. Or even worse, the lis
24、teners, or those you are trying to persuade, will adopt the theme suggested to them by your adversary. Whoever controls the definition of the case is inevitably the one with the power. Just as a theme gives the listeners a generalizing principle around which information can be organized, so too does
25、 it give you one. The great trial lawyers emphasize the need for an overall strategy as well as day-to-day tactics. A case theme embodies a lawyers overall strategy in a nutshell and helps him organize the ease so that he always stays on target. Use a theme to help you stay well and easily focused o
26、n the overall thrust of your presentation. A good ease theme also greatly enhances your credibility. When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember theme, you let people know that you have a well-defined and thought-out point of view. Such specificity adds to your perceived competence and trustwort
27、hiness. Remember: successful trial lawyers are never wishy-washy. 51 The case involving two brother killers demonstrates that_. （ A） even murders may be excused sometimes （ B） a well-defined argument can win a difficult case （ C） child abusers should be duly punished （ D） upholding justice is the mo
28、st important in court 52 The message of this passage is that_. （ A） good lawyers are of critical importance in a lawsuit （ B） legal procedures sometimes may run out of control （ C） murder cases can be manipulated as people wish （ D） a well-defined focusing point is a key to win a case 53 A good case
29、 theme can prevent_. （ A） the trial lawyer from losing his or her target in defense （ B） the opposing side from forming their ease theme （ C） the audience from being easily persuaded （ D） those who have power from controlling the trial 54 An additional merit of a good case theme is that you may_. （
30、A） get more information （ B） control the opposing side （ C） prove your competence （ D） trust the jury and the judge 55 The last word “wishy-washy“ is closest in meaning to_. （ A） indecisive （ B） imaginative （ C） inadequate （ D） illogical 56 It is almost 15 years since I first tested a mobile phone.
31、I was covering the Live Aid concert at Wembley and it was a fiasco. My newspaper was trying a huge two-piece machine: a handset on a cradle, which went on one shoulder, and a power pack almost the weight of a car battery, which went on the other. The total talk time was 30 minutes and the phone cost
32、 several thousand pounds. Oh, and it was barely possible to get a signal. Those of us with this Herculean model greatly envied our slicker colleagues who were trying out an American Motorola phone. Not only did it work for up to an hour, it also looked like a housebrick. What is fascinating is that,
33、 after a long period in the social and stylistic doldrums, mobile phones or cellular radios as they should really be called are becoming fashionable again. The new Ericsson mobile phone has been acclaimed these past few days by everyone who eyes it as one of the coolest objects of all time. It is pr
34、etty much the size of a credit card and the thickness of a chocolate bar. It vibrates discreetly when someone calls and it even recognises the owners voice, so dialing someone is as simple as saying their name. Phones have become like ears: all levels in society have them, but there are cars and the
35、re are CARS. Phones like that shiny, chrome Nokia that was all the rage a few months ago, or the Bounty bar-sized Motorola and the slim new Ericsson are the glossy, understated Audi A4s of mobiles; perilously close to being fashion items. Wrist-watch phones could be next years big thing but the more
36、 important and less flashy development will be the emergence of the first web-browsing phones. These will make it possible both to speak and surf the Internet and to deal with e-mails in a bar, on the train or wherever. Another big development which will take off in the next few months concerns not
37、the phones so much as the kind of enhanced services available through them. While the ultra thin Ericsson has a voice-dialing system, theres still a limit to the fancy stuff you can cram into a breast pocket telephone. Theres no such limit, however, to what the mainframe computers at mobile phone co
38、mpanies can do. 56 The word “fiasco“ (para. 1) most probably means_. （ A） a great surprise （ B） an unpleasant event （ C） a wonderful thing （ D） a stiff competition 57 Which of the following is NOT true of the new Ericsson mobile phone? （ A） It is very small. （ B） It vibrates gently. （ C） It can conn
39、ect you to someone if you just say his phone number. （ D） It can recognize the caller through his voice. 58 Which of the following can be inferred about Audi A4 cars? （ A） They are equipped with mobile phones. （ B） They are available to all levels of society. （ C） They are very fashionable. （ D） The
40、y will soon be replaced by newer models. 59 According to the passage, what is the drawback of breast pocket phones? （ A） They are fragile and easily damaged. （ B） The information stored is limited. （ C） They are not popular with business people. （ D） Few people can afford them. 60 All of the followi
41、ng products are expected to come out in the future EXCEPT_. （ A） wrist-watch phones （ B） web browsing phones （ C） phones connected to computers （ D） voice-dialling phones 61 Most experts believe that an ever-increasing number of countries and terrorist groups will gain the technical capability to ac
42、quire and use chemical and biological weapons. But use of these weapons by hostile states or terrorist groups is not inevitable. Even when locked in bloody conventional wars, nations that have considered using these weapons have generally been deterred by the risk that their opponents would retaliat
43、e in the same way or escalate the conflict elsewhere. Terrorist groups with the technical capacity to acquire and use a chemical or biological weapon have typically lacked an interest in doing so, while groups interested in such weapons have generally lacked the necessary technical skills. Assessing
44、 future threats, however, involves more than simple extrapolation from past trends. In the case of chemical and biological weapons, it appears that the likelihood of use by both hostile states and terrorist groups is growing, and it is clear that even one such attack against an unprotected populatio
45、n could be devastating. Ironically, some experts believe that the technological superiority of the U.S. armed forces is heightening the long-term risks of chemical and biological weapon use by states that wish to challenge the international status quo through aggression. Hostile states that hope to
46、have a fighting chance against a U.S. led military coalition, such as the one that defeated Iraq in 1991, may search for ways to compensate for the inferiority of their own conventional military forces. An obvious answer, and one of grave concern to U.S. military planners, is that such states might
47、turn to an unconventional arsenal, most importantly chemical and biological weapons. The threat of CBW use by terrorists is of an entirely different character. Terrorists have almost always chosen to kill fewer people than they are able to kill. The main reason is that traditional terrorist strategi
48、es seek to draw international attention to a cause without excessively antagonizing public opinion. For a variety of reasons this traditional model of terrorism appears to be changing in ways that make future acts of CBW terrorism more likely. Some terrorist groups appear to be increasingly interest
49、ed in causing massive casualties, a phenomenon that may stem from a rise in religiously inspired acts of violence, the emergence of new, more fluid terrorist cells, and the perception that traditional, low-casualty terrorist acts have lost the capacity to focus public attention. To date only the Japanese cult Auto Shinrikyo has combined the technical capability with the lethal intent required to carry out an act of CBW terrorism. But national security experts are increasingly concerned that more hostile groups will follow Auras preced
