1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The mathematician has a college degree. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 The mathematician studi
2、ed science in Bronx High School of Science. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 The mathematician felt very lucky to learn some courses on new and modern scientific fields. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The mathematician was not allowed to use the Columbia University libraries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 The mathematici
3、an would like to study a vast series of textbooks one by one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 The mathematician believes that there are two kinds of science. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 The mathematician thinks mathematics is both discovered and invented. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 The delightful book the mathemat
4、ician mentions was written by G. H. Hardy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 The mathematician prefers to teach himself. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 The mathematician was delighted to be admitted to Columbia University. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must
5、answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where can the boy use a photocopying machine? （ A） At Brights. （ B） At Hatchers. （ C） At the post office. （ D） At a bookshop. 12 What can the boy do at Brights? （ A） To have ones hair cut. （ B） To have some shee
6、ts washed. （ C） To have ones shoes repaired. （ D） To have a jacket cleaned. 13 Which of the following is NOT on the High Street according to the conversation? （ A） The supermarket. （ B） The library. （ C） The branch of the National Bank. （ D） The butchers. 14 What does the officer have to do as a bea
7、t officer? （ A） Intervene with beatings. （ B） Do the shift work. （ C） Drive in a rain. （ D） Be at the police station 24 hours. 15 What is the hour of a late shift? （ A） 2 PM 10 PM. （ B） 6 PM 2 AM. （ C） 10 AM 6 PM. （ D） 6 AM 10 PM. 16 What does the officer think is the worst part of her job? （ A） Get
8、ting involved in fatal accidents. （ B） Having to walk in the rain at nights. （ C） Dealing with crimes concerning children, old people and animals. （ D） Having to work long hours. 17 When did the conversation take place? （ A） At 10:00 AM. （ B） At 2:00 AM. （ C） At 12:00 PM. （ D） At 10:00 PM. 18 Why do
9、es the man think the woman should go to bed? （ A） Because he wants to see the typewriter. （ B） Because she has to go on a trip tomorrow. （ C） Because she is not feeling well. （ D） Because she has an early class tomorrow. 19 How many articles has the woman sold so far? （ A） About 20. （ B） About 12. （
10、 C） About 6. （ D） None. 20 What will the woman be doing tomorrow morning? （ A） Teaching her students. （ B） Writing the article about her trip. （ C） Studying for an exam. （ D） Travelling to the Amazon. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes
11、in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Chris particular brief in her work is the Asian section, especially 22 What did she find most difficult wh
12、en she started the job? 23 How did she solve the difficulty? 24 At the Beijing electronics fair they had over _ visitors. 25 How long does it usually take her to plan a trade fair? 26 After arriving at the destination, Chris has to meet with _ first. 27 Where does she think to be better for negotiat
13、ions? 28 What did her parents want her to be before she went to college? 29 What else knowledge does she need in negotiations? 30 The fair in Tokyo is to promote Canadian _ according to Chris. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered
14、 spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways (31) both natural and political scientists. First of all, he always employed the scientific method of (32) truth from facts. He firmly believed (33) he put it, that “there is
15、nothing incomprehensible (34) the universe“, and through painstaking work explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible“ in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to (35) mistakes when facts (36) his theories wrong. Second, Einsteins contributions showed the great importance of th
16、eoretical work to scientific effort. (37) he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led (38) many of the scientific advances (39) have shaped modern technology. Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must (40) a moral and social consciousness. (41) this way, h
17、e provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communist movement. Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings (42) a “Genius“ whose theories are (43) complicated that no one (44) a few best scientists can understand them. But he (45) rejected the efforts
18、to (46) him in a position far (47) other people. He was well-known for his (48) manner and often stressed to interviews that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived. Actually, Einsteins (49) of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to
19、 understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einsteins theories, his overall attitude (50) science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B,
20、 C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, travelling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent
21、 the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner; that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredoms, f
22、rustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the forseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in
23、 determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality al work and in work is still one
24、of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to create a d
25、ecent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility;
26、they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have the opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, monotonous, even painful experience. They spend
27、all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselvesby those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so desig
28、ned that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is i
29、n public or in private ownership. Rising educational standards feed rising expectations, yet the amount of control which the worker has over his own work situation does not rise accordingly. In many cases his control has been reduced. Symptoms of protest increaserising sickness and absenteeism, high
30、 turnover of employees, restrictions on output, and strikes, both unofficial and official. There is not much escape out and upwards. As management becomes more professionalin itself a good thingthe opportunity for promotion from the shop floor becomes less. The only escape is to another equally frus
31、trating manual job; the only compensation is found not in the job but outside it, if there is a rising standard of living. 51 In the writers opinion, people judge others by _. （ A） the type of work they do （ B） the place where they work （ C） the time they spend at work （ D） the amount of money they
32、earn 52 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems? （ A） A reduction in the number of strikes. （ B） Promotion of manual and white-collar workers. （ C） A more equal distribution of responsibility. （ D） An improvement in moral standards. 53 What advantages does the writer sa
33、y managers have over other workers? （ A） They cannot lose their jobs. （ B） They get time off to attend courses. （ C） They can work at whatever interests them. （ D） They can make their own decisions. 54 As a result of better education, people _. （ A） are constantly changing jobs （ B） feel entitled to
34、 more responsible jobs （ C） want to own their own business （ D） find their jobs more interesting 55 Why are so few ordinary workers promoted nowadays? （ A） They dont have the right qualifications. （ B） They are no longer ambitious. （ C） The best workers have already been promoted. （ D） It would be t
35、oo expensive for the companies. 56 Have you heard about the book which pushes blood types as determining whether somebody should be vegetarian or not? The idea of choosing foods based on your blood type was popularized by Peter J. DAdamo, ND, in his book, Eat Right For Your Type (CT. P. Putnams Sons
36、, 1996). DAdmno, a naturopath, proposes that those who have blood type A should be vegetarian, while those with blood type O must eat meat and eliminate wheat and some other grains. He says that following the correct diet for your blood type will help you maintain optimal health and weight, avoid ma
37、ny infections, and fight back against life-threatening illnesses. Is there any truth to his claims? While DAdamo spends more than 350 pages explaining the minute details of the foods, supplements, medications, and exercise regimens which should be followed by people with each blood type, he fails to
38、 scientifically document the effectiveness of his recommendations. Many of the claims which he makes are not backed up by published research. For example, depending on your blood type, you are presented with detailed lists of foods which are highly beneficial, neutral, or to be avoided. How were the
39、se lists generated? Has any research been published showing adverse heath effects from use of foods which should be avoided? No studies are presented which support what appear to be the authors speculations. Numerous studies have shown that vegetarians live longer than non-vegetarians and have a low
40、er risk of a number of chronic diseases. These studies are likely to be based on people from all blood type groups. It certainly seems that a vegetarian diet has benefits for those studied, regardless of their blood type. Similarly, studies like those of Dean Ornish appear to demonstrate the benefic
41、ial effect of a vegetarian diet and other lifestyle changes on a number of individuals, and not just those of certain blood type. Eat Right For Your Type should not be used as the basis for dietary change. Statements like “I could never be a vegetarian, Im type O“ are not based on scientific evidenc
42、e and may even lead people to avoid making dietary changes which could benefit both their health and the health of our planet. Our advice? Stick with a varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet regardless of your blood type. 56 What is the authors attitude toward DAdamos advice? （ A） Unbelieving. （
43、B） Supportive. （ C） Hesitating. （ D） Disdaining. 57 According to the author, which of the following has been amply proved? （ A） Vegetarian diet has brought about many lifestyle changes. （ B） Non-vegetarians have a higher risk of many chronic diseases. （ C） Dietary changes at regular intervals will b
44、enefit peoples health. （ D） Diet according to ones blood type will help people maintain optimal weight. 58 By using the word “pushes“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author seems to believe that the idea of choosing foods based on ones blood type is _. （ A） Convincing. （ B） Applicable. （ C） Far-fetched.
45、（ D） Plausible. 59 Which of the following statements is true of the text? （ A） A vegetarian diet will bring about optimal health regardless of any blood types. （ B） A vegetarian diet will produce a neutral effect for people with blood type O. （ C） The same diet for people of different blood types wi
46、ll benefit their health. （ D） Different diets for people of the same blood type will produce adverse health effect. 60 It can be inferred that the author _. （ A） favors strict diet according to ones blood type （ B） advocates limited diet regardless of ones blood type （ C） prefers a combination of me
47、at and vegetarian diet as a life-long habit （ D） favors a varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet 61 Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 ci
48、ties in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reduction
49、in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate
