1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 54及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The golden rules for fire prevention are “awareness“, “precaution“ and “escape“. （ A） R
2、ight （ B） Wrong 2 The major fire hazard is that a lot of people live in old houses. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 TV unplugged after switched off can be dangerous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Sofa in front of curtains can be a good place for putting a TV. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 Electric blankets are still as
3、 dangerous as they were in the past. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 People should fold electric blankets and put them away after using them. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 Sofas and armchairs that contain polyurethane foam fillings are dangerous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 To prevent fire, people should not use open
4、 fire in houses. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 A pressurized container can be heated up by sunlight in a short time and lead to a fire. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 This part of the talk is about how to escape from a fire. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you
5、 must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Why did Jim think that Joyce might be changing her name? （ A） He thought that she was planning to get married. （ B） He thought that she didnt like her name. （ C） He thought that she was not a relative of t
6、he Armstrongs. （ D） He thought that she would change to name after her mother. 12 What is the first name of the man with the horn-rimmed glasses? （ A） Armstrong. （ B） Jim. （ C） Joseph. （ D） The dialog doesnt say what it is. 13 Why did Jim leave Joyce before they had finished their conversation? （ A）
7、 He wanted to meet the young girls who were screaming. （ B） He saw someone else he had to talk to. （ C） He would like to go and get something to drink. （ D） He was responsible for looking after the little boy who was all dressed up. 14 Which of the following about pick pocketing is NOT true? （ A） It
8、 is a fast increasing crime. （ B） Its methods are improving. （ C） Nobody is safe from a veteran pickpocket. （ D） There are about 4,000,000 victims every year. 15 What was probably the reason for discontinuing to hang a pickpocket in the 18th century? （ A） Hanging was a useless warning. （ B） It was t
9、oo cruel and violent. （ C） Too many people watched the practice. （ D） Other pickpockets were only spectators. 16 Where is the least likely place for pick pocketing? （ A） Banks and supermarkets. （ B） Train and bus stations. （ C） Post offices and hospitals. （ D） Elevators and airports. 17 What is Geor
10、ge Orwell mainly known as? （ A） A literary critic. （ B） A war correspondent. （ C） A volunteer in the Spanish Civil War. （ D） A novelist. 18 Where was George Orwell born? （ A） Spain. （ B） America. （ C） Burma. （ D） India. 19 What is most important in Orwells life? （ A） Although English, be was actuall
11、y not born in England. （ B） He was a student of the famous English public school, Eton. （ C） He tried to enlighten and change society through his works. （ D） He worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. 20 What are the listeners going to do after the presentation? （ A） To ask the speaker questi
12、ons. （ B） To discuss “ANIMAL FARM“. （ C） To write essays on Orwells life. （ D） To read the book“1984“. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provide
13、d on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 When was the organization of Red Cross established? 22 What did several countries take part in in 1864? 23 What happened to the Geneva Convention in 1949? 24 How many members did the International Red Cro
14、ss Society consist of? 25 What are sent to the family members of both prisoners-of-war and civilians through Red Cross? 26 What work is the Red Cross also responsible for in time of peace in many countries? 27 What were the Voluntary Detachments of Men trained for in Britain? 28 When were the junior
15、 Red Cross Sections first formed? 29 What did Clara Baron set up during the U.S. Civil War? 30 When did Miss Barton retire from the leading office of Red Cross in U.S.A.? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suita
16、ble word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers. They want to make their mark (31). So its important to get (32) to them in a challenging manner the idea (33) big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the little successes a
17、re essential. Show that they (34) turn become the foundation on (35) reputations are built add from which more important tasks can be accomplished. A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job (36) becoming dull. Whereas its natural for some individuals to want to
18、 move ahead immediately to mere difficult assignments, (37) proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially (38) the same complexity. This way they gain breadth, if not depth. Probably the greatest offense to guard (39) when deal
19、ing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand. You must listen and listen objectively to their suggestions. Avoid (40) overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. Youll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often (41) “Weve tried that before and it wont
20、(42) here“. One sure way to disenchant (43) college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But dont make their (44) work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-in assignments (45) performing routine calculations, digging up
21、(46) material, (47) operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of (48) engineers who had left them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that (49) challenging but also expected (50) too
22、 little from them in the way of performance. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 People who are extremely careful and “finish what they start“ may have a reduced risk of developing
23、 Alzheimers disease, according to a study involving Catholic nuns and priests. The most conscientious and self-disciplined individuals were found to be 89% less likely to develop this form of dementia deterioration of intellectual faculties, such as memory, concentration, and judgment, resulting fro
24、m an organic disease or a disorder of the brain than their peers over the course of the 12-year study. Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., and colleagues followed 997 healthy Catholic nuns, priests and Christian brothers between 1994 and 2006. Early on in the
25、study, participants completed a personality test to determine how conscientious they were. Based on answers to 12 questions such as “I am a productive person who always gets the job done“, they received a score ranging from 0 to 48. On average, volunteers scored 34 points in the test. Volunteers als
26、o underwent regular neurological examinations and cognitive tests. Over the lifetime of the study, 176 of the 997 participants developed Alzheimers disease. However, those with the highest score on the personality test 40 points or above had an 89% lower chance of developing the debilitating conditi
27、on than participants who received 28 points or lower. “These are people who control impulses, and tend to follow norms and roles“, Wilson told New Scientist. Previous studies suggest that exercise and intellectual stimulation can decrease the risk of Alzheimers disease. But the link between self-dis
28、cipline and a reduced risk of the illness remained strong even after researchers discounted these factors from their study. Subjects still had a 54% lower chance of developing the condition. Exactly why conscientiousness should have an impact on Alzheimers risk remains unclear, says Wilson. He notes
29、 that brain autopsies conducted on 324 of the studys participants failed to resolve the mystery. Earlier work has linked the presence of plaques and protein tangles within the brain to Alzheimer. Yet, in general, the brains of those who scored highly on the conscientiousness test had as many plaques
30、 and protein tangles as those of subjects who scored lower. Wilson suggests that more careful and conscientious individuals may have more active frontal brain regions, an area that is responsible for decision-making and planning. Increased activity in this region may perhaps compensate for a decline
31、 in function in other brain regions, he speculates. Based on the new findings, doctors could perhaps consider certain patients at greater risk of dementia, says Ross Andel at the University of South Florida, U.S. “This is a study about identifying people at risk“, he says. 51 How did the study evalu
32、ate every participants sense of responsibility? （ A） Through a 12-year observation. （ B） On a neurological examination. （ C） By a cognitive test. （ D） By asking a group of questions. 52 Previous studies suggest_. （ A） links between physical exercises and Alzheimer. （ B） links between brain plaque an
33、d Alzheimer. （ C） links between brain autopsies and Alzheimer. （ D） links between self-discipline and Alzheimer. 53 Which one of the following is NOT true about Robert Wilson at Rush University? （ A） He and his co-workers followed 997 healthy Catholic nuns, priests and Christian brothers within 12 y
34、ears. （ B） He hasnt yet found out the underlying reasons why conscientiousness has an impact on Alzheimers risk. （ C） He suggests that people with more active frontal brain regions are more careful and conscientious. （ D） He thinks that increased activity in frontal brain regions may compensate for
35、a decline in function in other brain regions. 54 This study aims to_. （ A） help Catholic nuns and priests fight against Alzheimer. （ B） explore the possible causes of dementias risk. （ C） find out who are at risk of developing a form of dementia. （ D） determine the effects of the presence of brain p
36、laques. 55 According to the study, which one of the personalities below is more closely related to Alzheimers disease? （ A） Scrupulousness. （ B） Optimism. （ C） Responsibleness. （ D） Spontaneousness. 56 The linear flight formations of migratory birds are called echelons. The V and the J structures ar
37、e typical and are the most readily recognized flock echelons, but other variations also occur. Studies of several species have shown that a true V-shaped echelon is, in fact, less common than a J formation is. There are two well-supported and complementary explanations for why birds fly in formation
38、. One is to conserve energy by taking advantage of the upward vortex fields created by the wings of the birds in front. The other is to facilitate orientation and communication among the birds. These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and both have been backed by a variety of studies. The rela
39、tive importance of each undoubtedly shifts as various factors, such as the season of the year or the purpose of individual flights, change. During local feeding flights, for example, energy conservation is probably much less important than careful orientation and collision avoidance are. During long
40、-distance migration, orientation and communication remain necessary, but there is also much to be gained for each bird in the flock by optimizing its position to conserve energy. Fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations have been used to test predictions of where birds should positi
41、on themselves in relation to others to conserve the most energy as they travel through the air. Analyses of flock formations using photography have measured bird positions and found them to almost always be located such that they gain some energetic advantage. The animals are not very often in the e
42、xpected optimal location, however, indicating that other factors also influence position in the formation. Knowledge of birds visual axes, “blind spots“ and field of vision has allowed researchers to pinpoint the best locations for birds within a flock to maintain optimal visual positioning. Actual
43、positions of the animals are usually positively related to these predictions but are, again, not always optimal. Studies have categorized the positions of birds and found that some individuals take positions that are most closely predicted to satisfy the energy conservation hypothesis; others are in
44、 better visual contact positions; and still others are not apparently responding to either benefit or are in a position that should gain some advantage from both benefits. The leaders of formations change from time to time, but the causes, frequency and characteristics of these changes have not yet
45、been determined. Sustained observation from the ground of flocks covering great distances in the air is very difficult. There are plenty of intuitive predictions about leader choice that quickly come to mind relative to the age, experience, sex, condition and social status of the leaders, but resear
46、chers have not figured out how to overcome the prohibitive logistic issues to test them. Some scientists have trained birds to fly in formation with small aircraft; perhaps their experiences will yield opportunities to test these ideas. 56 Migratory birds fly in formation to_. （ A） conserve energy.
47、（ B） help orientation. （ C） facilitate communication. （ D） All Above. 57 The word “each“ in the 5th sentence of the second paragraph refers to_. （ A） formation. （ B） study. （ C） factor. （ D） explanation. 58 How do the researchers test predictions of where birds should position themselves in their ec
48、helon to conserve energy? （ A） Using the energy conservation hypothesis to categorize the positions of birds. （ B） Using fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations. （ C） Using photography to analyze various flock formations. （ D） Using knowledge of birds visual axes, “blind spots“ and
49、 field of vision. 59 Why do echelon leaders change sometimes? （ A） It can help optimize orientation. （ B） Birds can better avoid collision. （ C） The reason is still unclear. （ D） Birds cant determine one leader. 60 What makes sustained observation of flock formations very difficult? （ A） The characteristics of echelon changes. （ B） Lack in hands and equipment. （ C） Too many intuitive predictions. （ D） Too many factors involved in echelons. 61 Letting computer viruses loose on a quarantined computer and recording their pattern of activit
