1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 74及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 A recent trial has got rid of Americans interest in the problem of violence against wom
2、en. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Mr. Simpson has beaten his wife and Mrs. Simpson was afraid that he would kill her. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 Medical experts say lung cancer is the most serious health threat to American women. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 Domestic violence takes place only in poor families. （
3、A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 A federal crime study shows that every year more than 4 thousand young American women are beaten severely. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 Those men who believe in religions never beat their wives or girlfriends. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 In the past, government punished the wife beaters
4、 very seriously and severely. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 Many women dare not take action against their husbands or boyfriends just because they are afraid they would face even greater violence if they did. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 A serious movement against domestic violence began in the U.S. in the mid
5、 1970s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 10 President Clinton signed a new crime bill to help stop violence against women not long ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ON
6、CE. 11 Where is the least likely place for pickpocketing? （ A） Banks and supermarkets. （ B） Train and bus stations. （ C） Post offices and hospitals. （ D） Elevators and airports. 12 Which of the following about pickpocketing is not true? （ A） It is a fast increasing crime. （ B） Its methods are improv
7、ing. （ C） Nobody is safe from a veteran pickpocket. （ D） There are about 4,000,000 victims very year. 13 What was probably the reason for discontinuing to hang a pickpocket in the 18th century? （ A） Hanging was a useless warning. （ B） It was too cruel and violent. （ C） Too many people watched the pr
8、actice. （ D） Other pickpockets were only spectators. 14 The man is _. （ A） a retired pilot （ B） a retired engineer （ C） a post officer （ D） a farmer 15 The object _. （ A） stayed still all the time （ B） moved around from time to time （ C） flew away slowly （ D） flew away quickly 16 The woman is most l
9、ikely _. （ A） a local officer （ B） a newspaper correspondent （ C） a UFO fan （ D） a TV reporter 17 Big Top is _. （ A） a high tent （ B） the name of a circus （ C） one of the rings （ D） a chariot 18 The Roman rulers often made changes in the decoration of the Circus Maximus because _. （ A） they rebuilt
10、it every year （ B） fire often destroyed it （ C） they wanted it to suit their fancies （ D） it was a religious rule 19 A “gladiator“ is a person who _. （ A） once ruled Rome （ B） fought a bear or other wild animal （ C） drove a chariot （ D） conducted circus shows on the eight festival days 20 After the
11、talk the students will _. （ A） go to see the circus show by Sanduyak Great Circus （ B） visit the famous Circus Maximus （ C） watch a short video show on television （ D） see a horse race Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test boo
12、klet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 Where did rice originate? 22 What kind of grain did most Europeans eat 500 years ago? 23 What kind of grain could be found
13、 in American diet 500 years ago? 24 Who used dairy product first in history? 25 In which year did Columbus take chili pepper to Spain? 26 How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular around the world? 27 Where cant chili pepper grow according to the talk? 28 What did Europeans think of po
14、tatoes? 29 What was potato used for in Europe at first? 30 In what part of the world is potato especially a favorite food? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
15、31 Pollution is a “dirty“ word. To pollute means to contaminate to spoil something by introducing impurities which make (31) unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, (32) it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and (33) s
16、urprisingly, it is beginning to (34) our health, our happiness, and our very civilization. Once we thought of pollution (35) meaning simply smog the choking, stinging, dirty (36) that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is (37) the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among
17、several (38) attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, (39) the wildlife. By (40) sewage and chemicals into river and lakes, we have contaminated our (41) water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and (42) depriving
18、 ourselves (43) an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding (44). More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away“ technology. Each year Americans (45) of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste
19、 tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to (46) anything. Today almost everything is disposable. (47) of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even (48) 95 percent of it
20、s parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throwaways. Soon we will wear clothing made of (49): “Wear it once and throw it away, “will be the slogan of the fashion. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or
21、 is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? (50) solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 One theory of human
22、 evolution is that our ancestors were semi-aquatic apes. They spent much time in water that they lost their body hair, which makes swimming difficult. Daedalus points out that in fact, water is a deadly environment for human beings not by drowning; but by chilling. Our alleged aquatic ancestors shou
23、ld have grown even thicker, longer fur to minimize heat transfer. Indeed, in a maritime accident, it is worth putting on all the clothes you can find; you will live that much longer in the water. As for swimming forget it. It stirs away all the body heat it generates Sadly, many sea disasters happen
24、 so suddenly that there is no time to look for spare clothes. So Daedalus is devising a nautical uniform which reacts with water to form an ideal survival garment. His first inspiration was the absorptive acrylate polymer used in bandages, and babies nappy. It can take up hundreds of times its weigh
25、t of water, expanding into soft jellylike stuff as it does so. In fibrous form, it can be woven into cloth. Underclothes of this fabric would swell in water into a splendid wet-suit to prevent heat losing. But Daedaluss suit will not merely insulate; it will actively generate heat. He recalls the im
26、mersion batteries on aircraft life-jackets, which use sea water to generate electricity, and power a signal lamp. His new garment will be one large distributed battery, triggered by immersion in water. Its electrochemistry is an interesting challenge. At first Daedalus wanted it to generate hydrogen
27、 perhaps enough of it to fill a balloon and lift the wearer out of the water. But more sanely, he now wants it to exploit the high energy for metal oxidation. A distributed zinc-air battery, exploiting the oxygen dissolved in the water, seems best. A few hundred grams of zinc could keep the wearer w
28、arm for hours in the coldest water. Hydrogen generated in a side reaction might usefully inflate floating pockets in the garment. Swollen by gas and absorbed water, the survival suit will usefully discourage attempts to swim. Its wearer may generate a little added heat by shivering, though this also
29、 will stir away all the body heat. Only young babies can combat cold by passive thermogenesis. Advocates of our aquatic origins are welcome to the uninteresting argument that their ability is a very small remnant of our ancestral watery metabolism. 51 From the passage we learn that man dies in sea d
30、isasters mainly because _. （ A） he has too thick clothes on （ B） he can not swim （ C） he does not have waterproof clothes （ D） he loses too much of body heat in the water 52 Daedaluss survival water garment is _. （ A） to use sea water to produce heat （ B） to use the body to generate heat （ C） to use
31、 the power produced by aircraft life-jacket （ D） to use passive thermogenesis. 53 Daedaluss survival water garment can _. （ A） generate heat （ B） generate gas and heat （ C） help the wearer swim and keep warm （ D） help the wearer float 54 We can infer from the passage that _. （ A） with less sea accid
32、ents fewer people will die （ B） Daedaluss new design of water garment costs too much （ C） with thicker fat under skin we may survive sea accidents better （ D） an aircraft life-jacket can do the same as Daedaluss water better 55 The main idea of the passage is _. （ A） baby can stay“ alive in cold wat
33、er longer than adults （ B） how to keep out the cold in water （ C） how to float better in water （ D） human beings came from semi-water apes 56 Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzbery, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizatio
34、ns spend only 22 percent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has bee
35、n largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has give
36、n rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleadin
37、g since the raison detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organizati
38、on, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole t
39、enor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved
40、in the process can be assured that decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action“. Key individuals are also seen to have put their na
41、mes behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through“ on the nod “. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature
42、 of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to p
43、revent it I had our objections minutes in two meetings“. The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or n
44、ot, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble
45、them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work“. Managers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the pa
46、rticipants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peer
47、s are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Ste
48、ve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal it changes as we move about, with the time of day, with the seasons, with new planting, new buildings and with alterations to old ones. Any individual house is just a fragment of this picture, nevertheless it has the power to make or ma
49、rk the overall scene. In the past people used their creative talents in painting their homes, with great imagination and in varied but always subtly blending colors. The last vestiges of this great tradition can still be seen in the towns of the extreme west of Ireland. It has never been recognized as an art form, partly because of the physical difficulty of hanging a street in a gallery and partly because it is always changing, as paint fades and is renewed. Also it is a communal art which cannot be identified
