1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording t
2、wice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will
3、hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear e
4、ach piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why did the police officer stop the driver? （ A） The driver exceeded the speed limit. （ B） The driver didnt stop at the zebra crossing. （ C） The officer was conducting a routine check. （ D） The officer found the cars brake lights were out. 12 Why did the driver mention his wi
5、fes cousins husband? （ A） To prove his connection with the officer. （ B） To show himself as an influential man. （ C） To influence the police officer. （ D） To establish a new friendship. 13 What did the police officer threaten to do? （ A） Give the driver a ticket. （ B） Take the driver to court. （ C）
6、Retain the drivers car. （ D） Take the driver to the police station. 14 What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to? （ A） Religion. （ B） Family life. （ C） Agriculture. （ D） Community. 15 Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa? （ A） Yellow. （ B） Green. （ C） White. （ D） Blue. 16 W
7、hat do the seven candles stand for? （ A） Principles. （ B） Cultures. （ C） Tribes. （ D） Colors. 17 When was the World Bank officially founded? （ A） In 1944. （ B） In 1946. （ C） In 1949. （ D） In 2000. 18 The World Bank dreams of a world without （ A） inequality （ B） poverty （ C） oppression （ D） conflicts
8、 19 What do we know about the World Bank member countries? （ A） They have equal say. （ B） They decide on the banks work. （ C） They are the board members. （ D） They are its shareholders. 20 How many leading contributors does the World Bank have? （ A） 24. （ B） 19. （ C） 5. （ D） 3 一、 Section II Use of E
9、nglish (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Humans like to regard themselves as exceptional. Many philosophers believe humans are the only【 C1】 _which understands that others have their own personal
10、 thoughts. That understanding is known in the【 C2】 _as having a “ theory of mind, “ and it is considered the【 C3】 _to such cherished human【 C4】 _as sympathy and deception. Biologists have learned to treat such【 C5】 _with caution. Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugn-yar describe an experiment they have ca
11、rried out【 C6】 _ravens. 【 C7】 _to gaze is reckoned to be a good【 C8】 _of the development of theory of mind in human children.【 C9】 _about 18 months, most children are able to follow the gaze of another person , and【 C10】 _things about the gazer from it. Failure to【 C11】 _this trick is an early sympt
12、om of autism, a syndrome whose main underlying feature is a(n) 【 C12】 _to understand that other people have【 C13】 _too. To【 C14】 _whether ravens could follow gaze, Dr Heinrich used six six-month-old hand-reared ravens. The birds were set, one at a time, on a perch on one side of a room divided by a
13、barrier. An experimenter in front of the barrier【 C15】 _his head and eyes in a particular【 C16】 _and gazed for 10 seconds before looking【 C17】 _. Dr Heinrich found that all the birds were able to follow the gaze of the experimenters, even【 C18】 _the barrier. In the【 C19】 _case, the curious birds eit
14、her jumped down from the perch and walked around the barrier to have a【 C20】 _or leapt on top of it and peered over. 21 【 C1】 （ A） category （ B） group （ C） race （ D） species 22 【 C2】 （ A） perspective （ B） trade （ C） business （ D） skill 23 【 C3】 （ A） secret （ B） attribution （ C） alternative （ D） gate
15、way 24 【 C4】 （ A） qualities （ B） operations （ C） habits （ D） values 25 【 C5】 （ A） comparisons （ B） findings （ C） assertions （ D） studies 26 【 C6】 （ A） on （ B） to （ C） against （ D） for 27 【 C7】 （ A） Indifference （ B） Response （ C） Resistance （ D） Instinct 28 【 C8】 （ A） call （ B） reason （ C） hint （ D）
16、 measure 29 【 C9】 （ A） With （ B） In （ C） By （ D） At 30 【 C10】 （ A） imagine （ B） infer （ C） locate （ D） confer 31 【 C11】 （ A） develop （ B） find （ C） plan （ D） conceal 32 【 C12】 （ A） resent （ B） tendency （ C） attempt （ D） inability 33 【 C13】 （ A） senses （ B） minds （ C） beliefs （ D） faculties 34 【 C14】
17、 （ A） argue （ B） prove （ C） test （ D） confirm 35 【 C15】 （ A） moved （ B） hid （ C） revealed （ D） adjusted 36 【 C16】 （ A） manner （ B） direction （ C） type （ D） circle 37 【 C17】 （ A） down （ B） up （ C） away （ D） inside 38 【 C18】 （ A） into （ B） within （ C） beyond （ D） from 39 【 C19】 （ A） former （ B） latter
18、 （ C） ordinary （ D） unusual 40 【 C20】 （ A） look （ B） rest （ C） try （ D） taste Part A 40 Advances in interfacesthe physical way we react with computersand other techniques of controlling computers will supplement the role of the traditional keyboard and mouse. Technologies in development include surf
19、aces that allow fingertip control of on-screen objects and devices that senseand react tomovement. But we should assess human-computer interaction (HCI)to ensure that we retain control of key decision-making processes, one report suggests. Display technologies will soon allow us to fix screens of al
20、l sizes in a variety of fabrics. In the near future we will still be reading paper books and magazines: but well also be using paper-like digital screens to distribute content. Cheap and easily-accessed digital storage allows consumers to electronically record and store more aspects of our livesallo
21、wing us to share information and interact with people across the globe. This hyper-connectivity liberates us from fixed telephone lines, desks and offices, while advances in robotics develop the computers ability to learn and make decisions. “ New computing technology is tremendously exciting, “ sai
22、d Tom Rodden, Professor at the University of Nottingham. “ But the interaction between humans and computers is evolving into a complex ecosystem where small changes can have far-reaching consequences. While new interfaces and hyper-connectivity mean we are increasingly mobile, we can see that they a
23、re obscuring the line between work and personal space. “ “Huge storage capabilities raise fundamental privacy issues around what we should be recording and what we should not. The potential of machine learning might well result in computers increasingly making decisions on our behalf. It is imperati
24、ve that we combine technological innovations with an understanding of their impact on people. “ The report argues that without proper monitoring and assessment it is possible that we may no longer be in control of ourselves or the world around us. This potentially places the computer on a collision
25、course with basic human values and concepts such as personal space, society, identity, independence, perception, intelligence and privacy. The report gives recommendations for the HCI community to adopt to ensure that human values inform future development. These include educating young people so th
26、at they understand HCI and the impact of computer advances early on and engaging with governments, policy-makers and society as a whole to provide counsel and give advance warning of the emerging implications of new computing ecosystems. “ Computing has the potential to enhance the lives of billions
27、 of people around the world. We believe that if technology is to truly bring benefit to humanity, then human values and the impact of technology must be considered at the earliest possible opportunity in the technology design process, “ said Abigail Sellen. one of the editors of the report. 41 New t
28、echnologies will make a computer 42 Tom Rodden is worried that new interfaces and hyper-connectivity will 43 The word “imperative“ (Line 3, Paragraph 6)is closest in meaning to 44 When left unmonitored, technological innovations may bring about 45 The text focuses on Part B Directions: Read the foll
29、owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 45 Conventional wisdom has long held that mammals stayed millions of years on earth. As long as dinosaurs roamed the lands, our distant ancestors never got to be much more than chic
30、ken-hearted creatures that sneaked out at night to grab bits of plants when the terrible lizards were asleep. Only when they were wiped out did mammals begin to earn a little evolutionary respect. But that picture changed dramatically with the announcement in Nature of two impressive fossils. One, o
31、f a brand-new species named R. giganticus, broke apart the notion that most dinosaur-age mammals were never larger than squirrels. The animal had the dimensions of a midsize dog-by far the biggest dinosaur-age mammal ever found. And the second, a new specimen of a previously discovered species calle
32、d R. robustus, refuted the notion that it was always the mammals that got eaten. Inside the skeleton where the animals stomach would have been are the fossilized remains of a baby dinosaur. “ This discovery was the chance of a lifetime, “ says Jin Meng, scientist and coauthor of the paper. Indeed, M
33、eng didnt expect to find things like this at all. The smaller skeleton was discovered about two years ago by villagers in Chinas Liaoning province, site of some of the richest fossil beds in the world. They brought it to the attention of scientists, who took it to an institute for examination. “We d
34、idnt see the stomach contents at first, “ says Meng. After they did, however, it didnt take them long to realize they had struck scientific gold. On closer examination, the scientists determined that the remains were those of a juvenile dinosaur. Some of the arm and leg bones were still attached to
35、each other, suggesting that R. robustus didnt chew its food thoroughly but wolfed it down in large chunks. Taken together, the finds overturn the already eroded idea that early mammals were tiny and timid. Now paleontologists can stop cooking up theories to explain why mammals were so little that th
36、ey had to be small to avoid being found, for example, or they couldnt grow larger because dinosaurs already occupied those ecological spaces. But its now clear that mammals did fill some of the spaces reserved for larger animals. “Its quite possible, “ says paleontologist Anne Weil, “ that they comp
37、eted with dinosaurs for the same prey. “ And because they ate dinosaurs, they may even have had an influence on dinosaur evolution. What sort of influence? “We dont know, “ she says. “Thats how it is with the best finds. They leave you with more questions than answers. “ 46 Mammals in the dinosaur a
38、ge used to be described as （ A） fierce and dangerous. （ B） shrewd and swift. （ C） doglike and sneaky. （ D） small and cowardly. 47 The fossil of a baby dinosaur in the skeleton of R. robustus indicates that （ A） R. robustus must have died in its pregnancy. （ B） this mammal could have died while fight
39、ing with dinosaurs. （ C） R. robustus swallowed the baby dinosaur as its food. （ D） mammals would eat their young when starved. 48 By saying “they had struck scientific gold“ (Lines 12, Paragraph 4), the author means that （ A） their discovery earned them great fame. （ B） their findings enjoyed enormo
40、us market value. （ C） they acquired valuable resources for their studies. （ D） they had made a significant discovery in their research. 49 The expression “cooking up“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5)indicates that the author （ A） doubts the validity of the previous scientific explanations. （ B） thinks the new
41、discoveries have practical significance. （ C） regards previous ecological studies as simply story-making. （ D） considers those new discoveries no longer hold water. 50 What is the possible connection between mammals and dinosaurs? （ A） Mammals were under dinosaurs rule most of the time. （ B） Mammals
42、 might have contributed to the evolution of dinosaurs. （ C） Dinosaurs failed in the competition with mammals for food. （ D） Baby dinosaurs were the main source of food for mammals. 50 Schools of education have long been objects of criticism. From James Koerners 1963 book, The Miseducation of America
43、s Teachers, up through two recent reports by national commissions, critics have complained about the intellectual emptiness of the curriculum at ed schools and the lack of connection between what is taught and the realities teachers face in the classroom. A recent survey of teachers about their grad
44、uate-school training drew comments like “ the shabbiest psychobabble imaginable“ and “a waste of time. “ With an estimated 2 million new teachers needed over the next decade, the shortcomings in education schools are a practical concern. In what is a generally bleak landscape, a small number of scho
45、ols stand out as innovators. Two key qualities distinguish these exemplars. First, they require that students master the subjects they will be teaching and structure their curricula accordingly. Second, these programs put a premium on hands-on experience. While traditional ed-school curricula are fi
46、lled with courses on theory, the new approach places much greater emphasis on learning by doing. At Ohio State University in Columbus, students in the one-year masters program spend half their time teaching in one of 55 Franklin County public schools, where they are paired with experienced teachers.
47、 “You are immersed from Day 1, “ says OSU graduate student Kelley Crockett, a 37-year-old former businesswoman who does practical training at Gables Elementary School. “ And that forces you to be intimately involved. “ In New York City, the Bank Street College of Educationa two-year programruns its
48、own junior high. “That keeps us honest, “ says the schools president, Augusta Kappner. “We are encouraging students to see how they function in school settings so they can constantly improve. “ Comparable programs exist at some other institutions, including the University of Virginia and Trinity Uni
49、versity in San Antonio. But Linda Darling-Hamond, a professor at Columbia Universitys Teachers College who is an expert on teacher training, estimates that only 40 percent of the 1, 200 teacher-education programs in the country have met national accreditation standards. Most education schools, she says, “have operated bureaucratically, assuming that teachers didnt need to know many things, Just give them a textbook and send them on. “ 51 By saying
